• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.91-100
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• 2015

In this study, we propose an efficient two-phase heuristic policy, called an acceptance tolerance control policy, for Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) cloud services that considers both the service provider and customer in terms of profit and satisfaction, respectively. Each time an IaaS cloud service is requested, this policy determines whether the service is accepted or rejected by calculating the potential for realizing the two performance objectives. Moreover, it uses acceptance tolerance to identify the possibility for error with the chosen decision while compensating for both future fluctuations in customer demand and error possibilities based on past decisions. We conducted a numerical experiment to verify the performance of the proposed policy using several actual IaaS cloud service specifications and comparing it with other heuristics.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.91-101
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• 1977

Using barley seeds (Hordeum sativum Jess, var.), the influences of gibberellic acid (GA) and indole-3-acetic acid(IAA) on the amylase synthesis and that of the nucleic acid metabolism were investigated. 1. With the deembrynized barley seeds, the increase of amylase treated with a $10^{-5}M$ of GA and the decrease of amylase treated with $10^{-5}M$IAA were matched by a proportionate increase and decrease in the amount of RNA. The influence of the hormones on the RNA synthesis has appeared immediately after the treatment but on the amylase synthesis it has appeared 8 hours later. But no influence on the DNA synthesis was observed on both hormones. 2. The amylase from deembryonized barley seeds treated with GA and IAA have been fractionated by gel filteration on Sephadex G-100. The amylase components showed four fractions on both enzymes treated with GA and IAA. Fraction I(FI) was differed from fraction Ⅵ(FIV) in Km value and the effects of temperature, pH and metal ions. On the basis of their emzymatic properties, it was considered that the FI was $\beta$-amylase and FIV was $\alpha$-amylase. The influences of GA and IAA on each fractions appeared to be similar but on the amylase units per souble protein, IAA inhibited the production of amylase FIV while it promoted that of amylase FI. 3. An experiment was conducted to determine whether IAA inhibits GA-promoted amylase synthesis competitively or non-competitively. Using a Lineweaver-Burk plot, it was clear that IAA was acting in a non-competitive fashion. From this, IAA was probably not competing with GA at the same site, but it was acting at some other site which resutled in partial blocking of the action of GA on the amylase synthesis.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제23권12호
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• pp.1726-1736
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• 2013

Biosynthesis of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) via the indole-3-pyruvic acid pathway involves three kinds of enzymes; aminotransferase encoded by aspC, indole-3-pyruvic acid decarboxylase encoded by ipdC, and indole-3-acetic acid dehydrogenase encoded by iad1. The ipdC from Enterobacter cloacae ATCC 13047, aspC from Escherichia coli, and iad1 from Ustilago maydis were cloned and expressed under the control of the tac and sod promoters in E. coli. According to SDS-PAGE and enzyme activity, IpdC and Iad1 showed good expression under the control of $P_{tac}$, whereas AspC was efficiently expressed by $P_{sod}$ originating from Corynebacterium glutamicum. The activities of IpdC, AspC, and Iad1 from the crude extracts of recombinant E. coli Top 10 were 215.6, 5.7, and 272.1 nmol/min/mg-protein, respectively. The recombinant E. coli $DH5{\alpha}$ expressing IpdC, AspC, and Iad1 produced about 1.1 g/l of IAA and 0.13 g/l of tryptophol (TOL) after 48 h of cultivation in LB medium with 2 g/l tryptophan. To improve IAA production, a tnaA gene mediating indole formation from tryptophan was deleted. As a result, E. coli IAA68 with expression of the three genes produced 1.8 g/l of IAA, which is a 1.6-fold increase compared with wild-type $DH5{\alpha}$ harboring the same plasmids. Moreover, the complete conversion of tryptophan to IAA was achieved by E. coli IAA68. Finally, E. coli IAA68 produced 3.0 g/l of IAA after 24 h cultivation in LB medium supplemented with 4 g/l of tryptophan.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.77-84
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• 1992

오옥신의 작용이 PKC에 의한 단백질의 인산화 과정과 연관되어 있는지 확인하기 위하여 PKC를 활성화시키는 물질인 DAG와 TPA 그리고 오옥신이 옥수수 자엽초의 신장에 미치는 효과를 조사하였다. DAG와 TPA를 옥수수 자엽초에 처리하면 DAG는 최대 500%까지, TPA는 최대 300%까지 자엽초 생장율을 증가시켰다. 이때 IAA나 TPA 각각에 의한 생장율 증가의 합(최대 800%)보다도 TPA와 IAA를 함께 처리한 조직의 생장율 증가가 더 커서(최대 1200%) TPA와 IAA는 상승효과를 나타내었다. 전기영동을 통하여 TPA와 IAA를 처리한 자엽초 세포질의 단백질 인산화 정도를 비교한 결과 TPA+IAA>IAA>TPA>control의 순서대로 단백질의 인산화가 증가했다. 이러한 단백질 인산화의 증가와 신장 생장과의 관계를 명확히 하기 위해 PKC 억제제로 알려진 STA를 자엽초에 처리한 결과 TPA의 존재에 관계없이 생장율이 80%까지 저해되었다. 이와 같은 실험 결과들은 IAA에 의한 자엽초 신장 촉진 과정의 적어도 한 단계에 동물의 PKC와 유사할 것으로 추측되는 PKC에 의한 단백질 인산화가 연관되어 있을 가능성이 있다고 생각하게 한다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.745-749
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• 2010

본 연구는 옥수수 뿌리에서 cytokinin ($N^6$-benzyladenine; BA)과 IAA를 각각 혹은 같이 처리하여 ethylene 생성에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 두 호르몬을 외부에서 동시에 처리하면 ethylene 생성은 각각 처리하였을 때 보다 함께 처리하면 상승적으로 증가하였다. 예를 들면, $10^{-4}\;M$ BA와 $10^{-4}\;M$ IAA를 처리하면 ethylene 생성량은 각각 대조구의 87%와 170% 증가되지만 함께 처리하면 대조구의 480%가 증가된다. 이러한 상승적 효과는 에틸렌생성에 관여하는 효소인 ACC synthase의 활성과 유전자 발현 수준에서도 볼 수가 있었다. 그러나 에틸렌 생성에 관여하는 다른 효소인 ACC oxidase의 활성에서는 관찰되지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 cytokinin인 BA와 IAA가 옥수수 뿌리에서 ACC synthase에 영향을 미쳐 ethylene 생성을 상승적으로 촉진시킨다는 사실을 제시한다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.1259-1265
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• 2010

The filamentous cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis strain MMG-9 was isolated from a rice field. The ability of this strain to synthesize the bioactive compound indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) was demonstrated. IAA was extracted from the culture of A. platensis strain MMG-9 and its identity was confirmed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) as well as by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The IAA precursor L-tryptophan was required for IAA biosynthesis. Released IAA increased with the increase of the initial concentration of L-tryptophan in the medium and with the incubation time. A. platensis strain MMG-9 accumulated more IAA than it released into the medium. The bioactivity of the secreted IAA was shown by its effect on the formation of roots by Pisum sativum. There was a significant positive effect of the supernatant of cultures of A. platensis strain MMG-9 on the number of lateral roots of P. sativum, whereas a negative effect on root length was observed.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.89-99
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• 1989

The effect of IAA on lysine decarboxylase(LDC)activity, diamine oxidase (DAO) activity and the polyamine level in seedlings of soybean were investigated. The seedlings of soybean were treated with IAA (10-8M, 10-6M, 10-4M) and LDC activity, DAO activity and polyamine levels of cotyledon, elongating hypocotyl, elongated hypocotyl and the root were measured after 4, 6, 8, 10 days. Increased concentration of IAA stimulated the LDC activity and increased the level of polyamine in the seedlings, which reducing the DAO activity and polyamine level was increased in the seedlings. The light also stimulated the IAA effect on polyamine level and DAO activity, and polyamine level was higher in the seedlings grown in the light than those in the dark. Cadaverine was the most abundant polyamine in the seedlings of soybean. The levels of diamines, cadaverine, putrescine were higher in the elongated hypocotyl and root than in the elongating hypocotyl, but the levels of spermidine and spermine were relatively higher in the cotyledon than in the other parts. Accumulation of diamines by high concentration of IAA is postulated to be a phenomenon of inhibition in seedlings growth.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.53-62
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• 2013

A total of 35 phosphate solubilizing bacterial strains were isolated from waste mushroom bed of Agaricus bisporus in Buyeo-Gun, Chungnam and screened for the production of indole acetic acid (IAA). The best IAA producing strain was identified as Pantoea rodasii using 16S rRNA analysis. In addition to the IAA production, this strain could act as an efficient phosphate solubilizer (1100 ${\mu}g$ $ml^{-1}$ after 5 days of incubation) also. The selected strain was cultured under different conditions in order to assess the optimum conditions for maximum IAA production. The nutrient broth (NB) medium was recorded as the best medium, where the maximum IAA production (229 ${\mu}g$ $ml^{-1}$) was recorded at the start of stationary phase (12 hours after inoculation) of the bacteria growth. The performance of the strain was found to be maximum at the temperature of $30^{\circ}C$ followed by $25^{\circ}C$. IAA production was found to be increased with increasing tryptophan concentration (from 0.1 to 0.6%), however beyond this limit, a slight reduction in IAA production was observed. The strains' ability to produce IAA was further confirmed by extraction of crude IAA and subsequent TLC analysis. A specific spot from the extracted IAA preparation was found corresponding with the standard spot of IAA with same $R_f$ value. The results of HPLC analysis conducted in identifying and quantifying the IAA production more precisely, are in agreement with the results of the assessment done with colorimetric method. As revealed by the results of the pot experiment, the isolated strain could significantly enhance the growth (as measured by shoot and root growth) of mung bean plants compared to that of non-inoculated plants. Therefore it can be concluded that the present strain, Pantoea rodasii has great potential to be used as bio-inoculants.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.390-396
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• 2015

본 연구는 항산화 기능이 뛰어나다고 알려진 며느리배꼽(Persicaria perfoliata)의 캘러스를 사용하여, 어떤 식물호르몬이 부정근 형성에 영향을 미치는지 알아보기 위한 실험이다. 며느리배꼽의 잎으로부터 캘러스를 유도하고 이로부터 부정근 형성을 관찰하였다. 캘러스 유도의 최적 조건을 구한 결과 1% sucrose, 4.5 μM 2.4-D, 1/2 MS였다. 어떤 식물호르몬이 이 식물의 캘러스에서 부정근 형성 효과를 가지고 있는지 알아보기 위하여 GA₃, IAA, 2iP, 2,4-D를 캘러스 조직에 각각 첨가한 결과, GA₃와 IAA를 첨가한 배지에서만 부정근이 나타났음을 확인 할 수 있었다. 이를 자세히 조사하기 위해서 GA₃와 IAA의 농도별(0.1, 1, 10 mg/l) 부정근 형성, 길이 및 직경을 알아본 결과, 높은 수준의 GA₃ 또는 낮은 수준의 IAA처리에서 더 많은 부정근 형성을 보였다. 이 두 호르몬 중 어떤 것이 더욱 더 중요한 역할을 하는지 알아보기 위하여 옥신 유입 저해제인 NPA와 지베렐린 생합성 저해제인 PBZ를 처리한 실험을 한 결과, GA₃가 IAA 보다 부정근 형성에 더욱 더 중요한 역할이라는 것을 알았다. 하여 지베렐린의 수준을 증가 또는 감소시킨다고 알려진 식물호르몬(IAA, 2iP, kinetin, ABA)들을 GA₃와 혼용 처리한 결과, 이 역시 지베렐린이 부정근을 형성하는데 중요한 역할을 한다는 것을 재확인 하였다. 본 연구는 지베렐린이 며느리배꼽의 캘러스에서 부정근 형성을 증진시킨다는 것을 처음으로 밝힌다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.431-438
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• 2024

홉은 맥주 생산에서 풍미와 쓴 맛을 제공하며 방부제의 역할을 한다. 최근 수제 맥주 호황에 의해 외국의 홉 품종을 도입하여 국내 재배 및 생산을 도모하고 있으나, 효율적인 무병묘 생산에 있어 어려움을 겪고 있다. 이에 따라 본 연구는 홉(Humulus lupulus L.) Cascade 품종을 대상으로 조직배양 기술을 통한 효율적인 기내 증식 방법과 우량묘 생산기술을 개발하고자 수행되었다. 실험에 사용된 식물 생장조절제는 MS 배지에 auxin 계열 IAA와 cytokinin 계열의 2iP, zeatin, BAP, TDZ을 사용하였다. 식물 재료는 신초를 대상으로 정단에서 3마디를 제거하고 사용하였다. 홉 기내배양 시 재분화율은 IAA만 첨가한 조건에서 가장 높았으며, cytokinin을 함께 사용했을 때 보다 약 21% 높았다. 하지만 IAA 0.1 mg/L + BAP 1 mg/L 조건에서 재분화율이 약 91%로 우세하였다. 초장은 IAA 0.1 mg/L + BAP 1 mg/L를 사용하는 것이 유리하다. TDZ가 첨가된 배지에서 다경 유도가 이루어졌으며, control이나 IAA만 첨가된 조건의 경우 callus 형성이 이루어지지 않고 지상부와 뿌리 생장이 진행되었다. Cytokinin을 첨가한 배지에서 callus가 형성되며 무게가 증가하였다. 홉 조직배양묘의 순화 시 생존율을 높이기 위한 실험 결과, 배양병에 멸균된 상토를 넣고 상대습도를 100%로 맞추어 준 다음점진적으로 기내의 상대습도를 낮추어 가며 21일 이후 야외로 나갔을 때 90%의 생존율을 확인하였다. 이러한 연구 결과는 다른 홉 품종에도 적용하여 각 품종별로 적합한 배지 조성을 찾거나 callus 및 다경 유도를 통한 무병묘 증식이나 육종 연구 등 사용자의 필요에 따라 적합한 조직배양 배지 조성을 찾는데 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다.