• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.224-231
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• 2008

We examined the effect of indole-3-carbinol (I3C, $C_9H_9NO$), an autolysis product of a glucosinolate and a glucobrassicin in vegetables, on MMP-2, -9 activities and TIMP-l and -2 inductions via microtubule-associated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway in prostate cancer cell line, PC3 cells. Our results indicated that I3C inhibited cell growth of PC3 cells in dose (0,50, 100 ,${\mu}M$) and time (0,24,48 and 72 h) dependent manners. Using gelatin zymography for MMP activity, we demonstrated that I3C significantly decrease MMP-2 and -9 activities in PC3 cells. We also observed that I3C decreased the proteins and mRNA levels of MMP-2 and -9 in PC3 cells as well. Inversely, expressions of TIMP-l and -2 protein and mRNA in PC3 cells were increased by I3C in a dose dependent manner. In another experiment, we showed that I3C inhibited PC3 cells invasiveness by using marigel invasion assay and we also found that I3C suppressed MMP transcriptional activity by MAPK signaling pathways. Taken together, our results suggest that I3C may contribute to the potential beneficial food component to prevent the cancer metastasis in prostate cancer cells. (KoreanJNutr2008; 41(3): 224~23I)

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.18-25
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• 2007

The fixing behaviors of anthraquinone disperse dyes containing dimethylamino substituent, such as C. I. Disperse Violet 26(D.V.26) and C. I. Disperse Blue 14(D.V.14), or containing diamino substituent, such as C. I. Disperse Blue 73(D.B.73), and monochlorotriazinyl azo reactive dyes, such as C. I. Reactive Orange 13(R.O.13), C. I. Reactive Red 3(R.R.3). C. I. Reactive Yellow 2(R.Y.2) on polyester/cotton blend(P/C) fabrics were examined for the one-step printing of P/C fabrics. The high temperature steaming of $175^{\circ}C$ is the most satisfactory fixing method for P/C one-step printing with above disperse and reactive dyes among the four different fixing methods: $175^{\circ}C$ steaming, $102^{\circ}C$ steaming${\rightarrow}175^{\circ}C$ steaming, $190^{\circ}C$ thermosol, $102^{\circ}C$ steaming${\rightarrow}190^{\circ}C$ thermosol. $190^{\circ}C$ thermosol is unfit to fix R.R.3 and R.Y.2 whose heat stability is poor. It was found that D.V.26 and D.B.14 containing dimethylamino substituent are unstable for heat and alkali, but D.B.73 is stable for them to print P/C blend fabrics with R.O.13 which is also stable for heat. Therefore we found that D.B.73, R.O.13 and a pair of D.B.73 and R.O.13 were very suitable for one-step printing of P/C blend fabrics.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.78-84
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• 2022

In this paper, we propose a closed-form based 3D localization method in the presence of multiple signal sources. General localization methods such as TDOA, AOA, and FDOA can estimate a location when a single signal source exists. When there are multiple unknown signal sources, there is a limit in estimating the location. The proposed method calculates a cross-correlation vector of signals received by sensors having an array antenna, and estimates TDOA and AOA values from the cross-correlation values. Then, the coordinate transformation is performed using the position of the reference sensor. Then, the coordinate rotation is performed using the estimated AOA value for the transformed coordinates, and then the three-dimensional position of each emitter is estimated. The proposed method verifies its performance through computer simulation.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1991.11a
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• pp.265-268
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• 1991

In the study, PPTMDSO(plasma-polymerized tetramethyldisiloxane) films were deposited on on glass substrate in a paralled plate reactor. As the function of RF power increased from 20 W to 110 W, and the substrate temperature increased from $25^{\circ}C$ to $100^{\circ}C$, the deposit ion rate, increased. When oxygen was intentionally added in monomer vapor, the concentration of Si-O-Si bonds increased while C-H, Si-H, -CH3, Si(CH3)x, -CH3, and Si-C bonds decreased in IR spectra. Thermal stability of PPTMSDO film were investigated and weight loss at $800^{\circ}C$ was 7.3 %.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 2001

Interface-engineered junctions with $YbBa_2$$Cu_3$$O_{7}$ as the counter electrode were demonstrated. The junctions exhibited excellent Josephson characteristics with a Josephson critical current ($I_{c}$) ranging from 0.1 mA to 8 mA and a magnetic field modulation of the $I_{c}$ exceeding 80% at 4.2 K while maintaining complete c-axis orientation of the counter-electrode layer. The$ 1\sigma$ spreads in $I_{c}$ for junctions with an average $I_{c}$ of 1-2 mA were 5-8% for 16 junctions within a chip, and 9.3% for a 100-junction array. Our dI/dV measurements suggest that a theoretical approach taking into account both a highly transparent barrier and the proximity effect is required to fully understand the Junction characteristics.ristics.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.524-531
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to investigate the organic solubilization (SCOD) and improvement of methane production for pig slurry by thermal hydrolysis. A sludge cake was pretreated by thermal hydrolysis at different reaction temperatures (200, 220, 250, $270^{\circ}C$). Ultimate methane potential (Bu) was determined at several substrate and inoculum (S/I) ratios (1:9, 3:7, 5:5, 7:3 in volume ratio) by biochemical methane potential (BMP) assay for 73 days. Pig slurry SCOD were obtained with 98.4~98.9% at the reaction temperature of $200{\sim}270^{\circ}C$. Theoretical methane potentials ($B_{th}$) of thermal hydrolysates at the reaction temperature of $200^{\circ}C$, $220^{\circ}C$, $250^{\circ}C$, $270^{\circ}C$ were 0.631, 0.634, 0.705, $0.748Nm^3\;kg^{-1}-VS_{added}$, respectively. $B_u$ of $200^{\circ}C$ thermal hydrolysate were decreased from $0.197Nm^3\;kg^{-1}-VS_{added}$ to $0.111Nm^3\;kg^{-1}-VS_{added}$ with the changes of S/I ratio from 1:9 to 7:3, and also $B_u$ of different thermal hydrolysates ($220^{\circ}C$, $250^{\circ}C$, $270^{\circ}C$) showed same tendency to $B_u$ of $200^{\circ}C$ thermal hydrolysate according to the changes of S/I ratio. Anaerobic biodegradability ($B_u/B_{th}$) of $200^{\circ}C$ thermal hydrolysate at different S/I ratios was decreased from 32.2% for S/I ratio of 1:9 to 17.6% for S/I ratio of 7:3. $B_u/B_{th}$ of $220^{\circ}C$, $250^{\circ}C$, and $270^{\circ}C$ thermal hydrolysat were decreased from 36.4% to 9.6%, from 31.3% to 0.8%, and from 26.6% to 0.8%, respectively, with the S/I ratio change, respectively. In this study, the rise of thermal reaction temperature caused the decrease of anaerobic digestibility and methane production while organic materials of pig slurry were more solubilized.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.179-182
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• 2011

Second-order rate constants ($k_{OH^-}$) have been measured spectrophotometrically for reactions of Y-substituted phenyl phenyl thionocarbonates (4a-i) with $OH^-$ in 80 mol % $H_2O$/20 mol % DMSO at $25.0{\pm}0.1^{\circ}C$. The $k_{OH^-}$ values for the reactions of 4a-i have been compared with those reported previously for the corresponding reactions of Y-substituted phenyl phenyl carbonates (3a-i) to investigate the effect of changing the electrophilic center from C=O to C=S on reactivity and mechanism. Thionocarbonates 4a-i are less reactive than the corresponding carbonates 3a-i although 4a-i are expected to be more reactive than 3a-i. The Bronsted-type plot for reactions of 4a-i is linear with $\beta_{lg}$ = -0.33, a typical $\beta_{lg}$ value for reactions reported to proceed through a stepwise mechanism with formation of an intermediate being the rate-determining step (RDS). Furthermore, the Hammett plot correlated with $\sigma^o$ constants results in much better linearity than that correlated with $\sigma^-$ constants, indicating that expulsion of the leaving group is not advanced in the RDS. Thus, alkaline hydrolysis of 4a-i has been concluded to proceed through a stepwise mechanism with formation of an intermediate being RDS, which is in contrast to the forced concerted mechanism reported for the corresponding reactions of 3a-i. Enhanced stability of the intermediate upon modification of the electrophilic center from C=O to C=S has been concluded to be responsible for the contrasting mechanisms.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.113-118
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• 2009

In this study, we have shown the transcriptional regulation of the human GD3 synthase (hST8Sia I) induced by valproic acid (VPA) in human neuroblastoma SK-N-BE(2)-C cells. To elucidate the mechanism underlying the regulation of hST8Sia I gene expression in VPA-stimulated SK-N-BE(2)-C cells, we characterized the promoter region of the hST8Sia I gene. Functional analysis of the 5'-flanking region of the hST8Sia I gene by the transient expression method showed that the -1146 to -646 region, which contains putative binding sites for transcription factors c-Ets-1, CREB, AP-1 and NF-${\kappa}B$, functions as the VPA-inducible promoter of hST8Sia I in SK-N-BE(2)-C cells. Site-directed mutagenesis and electrophoretic mobility shift assay indicated that the NF-${\kappa}B$ binding site at -731 to -722 was crucial for the VPA-induced expression of hST8Sia I in SK-N-BE(2)-C cells. In addition, the transcriptional activity of hST8Sia I induced by VPA in SK-N-BE(2)-C cells was strongly inhibited by SP600125, which is a c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor, and $G{\ddot{O}}6976$, which is a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, as determined by RT-PCR (reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction) and luciferase assays. These results suggest that VPA markedly modulated transcriptional regulation of hST8Sia I gene expression through PKC/JNK signal pathways in SK-N-BE(2)-C cells.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1993

A design of four-mirror optical system with reduction magnification 5X for deep UV ($\lambda$=248 nm of KrF excimer laser) submicron lithography is presented. Initially by using the paraxial quantities, the domain of solution for $t=d_1+d_2+d_3$<0 (d;: distance between the mirror $c_i$ and $c_{i+1}$ is found for the system which is free from the four off-axial Seidel first order aberrations that are coma, astigmatism, field curvature, and distortion. The solution with $d_5$=2.95 (normalized with respect to $c_i$= -1) is choosen and the aspherization is carried out to the spherical mirror surfaces ($c_3$ and $c_4$ in order to reduce the axial and residual off-axial higher order aberrations. The numerical aperture of the final system is as large as 0.4, which gives Rayleigh resolution of 0.38 $\mu\textrm{m}$.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.2 no.6
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• pp.733-742
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• 1998

Background: We have previously reported that not only cGMP but also 8-Br-cGMP or 8-pCPT-cGMP, specific and potent stimulators of cGMP-dependent protein kinase (cGMP-PK), increased basal L-type calcium current $(I_{Ca})$ in rabbit ventricular myocytes. Our findings in rabbit ventricular myocytes were entirely different from the earlier findings in different species, suggesting that the activation of cGMP-PK is involved in the facilitation of $I_{Ca}}$ by cGMP. However, there is no direct evidence that cGMP-PK can stimulate $I_{Ca}}$ in rabbit ventricular myocytes. In this report, we focused on the direct effect of cGMP-PK on $I_{Ca}}$ in rabbit ventricular myocytes. Methods and Results: We isolated single ventricular myocytes of rabbit hearts by using enzymatic dissociation. Regulation of $I_{Ca}}$ by cGMP-PK was investigated in rabbit ventricular myocytes using whole-cell voltage clamp method. $I_{Ca}}$ was elicited by a depolarizing pulse to +10 mV from a holding potential of -40 mV. Extracellular 8-(4-Chlorophenylthio)-guanosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-pCPT-cGMP), potent stimulator of cGMP-dependent protein kinase (cGMP-PK), increased basal $I_{Ca}}$. cGMP-PK also increased basal $I_{Ca}}$. The stimulation of basal $I_{Ca}}$ by cGMP-PK required both 8-Br-cGMP in low concentration and intracellular ATP to be present. The stimulation of basal $I_{Ca}}$ by cGMP-PK was blocked by heat inactivation of the cGMP-PK and by bath application of 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-guanosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate, Rp-isomer (Rp-pCPT-cGMP), a phosphodiesterase-resistant cGMP-PK inhibitor. When $I_{Ca}}$ was increased by internal application of cGMP-PK, IBMX resulted in an additional stimulation of $I_{Ca}}$. In the presence of cGMP-PK, already increased $I_{Ca}}$ was potentiated by bath application of isoprenaline or forskolin or intracellular application of cAMP. Conclusions: We present evidence that cGMP-PK stimulated basal $I_{Ca}}$ by a direct phosphorylation of L-type calcium channel or associated regulatory protein in rabbit ventricular myocytes.