• Title/Summary/Keyword: I-Space(Information-Space)

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Designing a Space-based Locality Documentation Model (공간 중심의 로컬리티 기록화 모형의 설계)

  • Seol, Moon-Won
    • Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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    • v.23 no.4
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    • pp.437-455
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    • 2012
  • The purpose of the study is to design a space-based locality documentation model. It begins with analysing the changes of directions and strategies of locality documentation through literature surveys. Based on the analysis, a new paradigm of locality documentation is suggested in digital environment. It then suggests space-based documentation model, i.e., 'spanDoc Model (SPAace-based Networked Documentation Model)' which represent the new paradigm. The model focuses on planning the framework of use and accumulation of locality documentation.

Research and development of haptic simulator for Dental education using Virtual reality and User motion

  • Lee, Sang-Hyun
    • International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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    • v.6 no.4
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    • pp.52-57
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    • 2018
  • The purpose of this paper is to develop simulations that can be used for virtual education in dentistry. The virtual education to be developed will be developed with clinical training and actual case data of tooth extraction. This development goal is to allow dental students to learn the necessary surgical techniques at the point of their choice, not going into the operating room, away from time, space, and physical limits. I want to develop content using VR. Oculus Rift HMD, Optical Based Outside-in Tracking System, Oculus Touch Motion Controller, and Headset as Input / Output Device. In this configuration, the optimization method is applied convergent, and when the operation of the VR contents is performed, the content data is extracted from the interaction analysis formed in the VR engine, and the data is processed by the content algorithm. It also computes events and dental operations generated within the 3D engine programming and generates corresponding events through data processing according to the input signal. The visualization information is output to the HMD using the rendering information. In addition, the operating room environment was constructed by studying lighting and material for actual operating room environment. We applied the ratio of actual space to virtual space and the ratio between character and actual person to create a spatial composition at a similar rate to actual space.

Label Embedding for Improving Classification Accuracy UsingAutoEncoderwithSkip-Connections (다중 레이블 분류의 정확도 향상을 위한 스킵 연결 오토인코더 기반 레이블 임베딩 방법론)

  • Kim, Museong;Kim, Namgyu
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.27 no.3
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    • pp.175-197
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    • 2021
  • Recently, with the development of deep learning technology, research on unstructured data analysis is being actively conducted, and it is showing remarkable results in various fields such as classification, summary, and generation. Among various text analysis fields, text classification is the most widely used technology in academia and industry. Text classification includes binary class classification with one label among two classes, multi-class classification with one label among several classes, and multi-label classification with multiple labels among several classes. In particular, multi-label classification requires a different training method from binary class classification and multi-class classification because of the characteristic of having multiple labels. In addition, since the number of labels to be predicted increases as the number of labels and classes increases, there is a limitation in that performance improvement is difficult due to an increase in prediction difficulty. To overcome these limitations, (i) compressing the initially given high-dimensional label space into a low-dimensional latent label space, (ii) after performing training to predict the compressed label, (iii) restoring the predicted label to the high-dimensional original label space, research on label embedding is being actively conducted. Typical label embedding techniques include Principal Label Space Transformation (PLST), Multi-Label Classification via Boolean Matrix Decomposition (MLC-BMaD), and Bayesian Multi-Label Compressed Sensing (BML-CS). However, since these techniques consider only the linear relationship between labels or compress the labels by random transformation, it is difficult to understand the non-linear relationship between labels, so there is a limitation in that it is not possible to create a latent label space sufficiently containing the information of the original label. Recently, there have been increasing attempts to improve performance by applying deep learning technology to label embedding. Label embedding using an autoencoder, a deep learning model that is effective for data compression and restoration, is representative. However, the traditional autoencoder-based label embedding has a limitation in that a large amount of information loss occurs when compressing a high-dimensional label space having a myriad of classes into a low-dimensional latent label space. This can be found in the gradient loss problem that occurs in the backpropagation process of learning. To solve this problem, skip connection was devised, and by adding the input of the layer to the output to prevent gradient loss during backpropagation, efficient learning is possible even when the layer is deep. Skip connection is mainly used for image feature extraction in convolutional neural networks, but studies using skip connection in autoencoder or label embedding process are still lacking. Therefore, in this study, we propose an autoencoder-based label embedding methodology in which skip connections are added to each of the encoder and decoder to form a low-dimensional latent label space that reflects the information of the high-dimensional label space well. In addition, the proposed methodology was applied to actual paper keywords to derive the high-dimensional keyword label space and the low-dimensional latent label space. Using this, we conducted an experiment to predict the compressed keyword vector existing in the latent label space from the paper abstract and to evaluate the multi-label classification by restoring the predicted keyword vector back to the original label space. As a result, the accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score used as performance indicators showed far superior performance in multi-label classification based on the proposed methodology compared to traditional multi-label classification methods. This can be seen that the low-dimensional latent label space derived through the proposed methodology well reflected the information of the high-dimensional label space, which ultimately led to the improvement of the performance of the multi-label classification itself. In addition, the utility of the proposed methodology was identified by comparing the performance of the proposed methodology according to the domain characteristics and the number of dimensions of the latent label space.

A Study on the Space Composition and Usage of Educational Facilities -Focused on Japan and U.S. Elementary School after 1970's- (교육시설의 공간구성과 이용방법에 관한 연구 -일본과 미국의 1970년대 이후의 초등학교의 사례를 중심으로-)

  • Kim, Jin-Mo;Lim, Soo-Young
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.44-51
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    • 2007
  • The purpose of this research starts analyzing the case with the United States and Japan and considering the plan form of educational facilities in the advanced country for the improvement of educational facilities in our counties. Japan was managing the educational system which carried out homogeneous till the first stage of the 1970s like advanced nations, such as the educational system of the industrialization age before World War II, i.e., Britain and the United States. The form of an American open school was adopted after the second half of the 1960s, trying the educational system which also globalized the educational system of Japan while the world went into the information society. In the process of the introduction, Japan did not simply imitate a huge open space in the United States. Japan selected the content of the education carefully. And, to do an original educational activity by guidance. The current classroom and multipurpose space were planned as one body. As a result, the environment of the classroom was able to do various studying patterns of individual study and the group study.

Capacity Analysis of UWB Networks in Three-Dimensional Space

  • Cai, Lin X.;Cai, Lin;Shen, Xuemin;Mark, Jon W.
    • Journal of Communications and Networks
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    • v.11 no.3
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    • pp.287-296
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    • 2009
  • Although asymptotic bounds of wireless network capacity have been heavily pursued, the answers to the following questions are still critical for network planning, protocol and architecture design: Given a three-dimensional (3D) network space with the number of active users randomly located in the space and using the wireless communication technology, what are the expected per-flow throughput, network capacity, and network transport capacity? In addition, how can the protocol parameters be tuned to enhance network performance? In this paper, we focus on the ultra wideband (UWB) based wireless personal area networks (WPANs) and provide answers to these questions, considering the salient features of UWB communications, i.e., low transmission/interference power level, accurate ranging capability, etc. Specifically, we demonstrate how to explore the spatial multiplexing gain of UWB networks by allowing appropriate concurrent transmissions. Given 3D space and the number of active users, we derive the expected number of concurrent transmissions, network capacity and transport capacity of the UWB network. The results reveal the main factors affecting network (transport) capacity, and how to determine the best protocol parameters, e.g., exclusive region size, in order to maximize the capacity. Extensive simulation results are given to validate the analytical results.

The Limit of Magnetic Helicity Estimation by a Footpoint Tracking Method during a Flux Emergence

  • Choe, Gwang Son;Yi, Sibaek;Jang, Minhwan;Jun, Hongdal;Song, Inhyuk
    • The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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    • v.43 no.2
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    • pp.58.2-58.2
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    • 2018
  • Theoretically, the magnetic helicity transport flux through the solar surface into the upper atmosphere can be estimated indefinitely precisely by magnetic field footpoint tracking if the observational resolution is infinitely fine, even with magnetic flux emergence or submergence. In reality, the temporal and spatial resolutions of observations are limited. When magnetic flux emerging or submerging, the footpoint velocity goes to infinity and the normal magnetic field vanishes at the polarity inversion line. A finite observational resolution thus generates a blackout area in helicity flux estimation near the polarity inversion line. It is questioned how much magnetic helicity is underestimated with a footpoint tracking method due to the absence of information in the blackout area. We adopt the analytical models of Gold-Hoyle and Lundquist force-free flux ropes and let them emerging from below the solar surface. The observation and the helicity integration can start at different emerging stages of the flux rope, i.e., the photospheric plane initially cuts the flux rope at different levels. We calculate the magnetic helicity of the flux rope below the photospheric level, which is eventually to emerge, except the helicity hidden in the region to be swept by the blackout area with different widths. Our calculation suggests that the error in the integrated helicity flux estimate is about half of the real value or even larger when small scale magnetic structures emerge into the solar atmosphere.

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Doping Effects and Semiconductor Behaviors of the Dispersed p- and n- type Semiconductor Particles (분산된 p형 및 n형 반도체 입자의 도핑 효과와 반도체 동작)

  • 천장호;손광철;라극환;조은철
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics A
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    • v.31A no.5
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    • pp.126-133
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    • 1994
  • Doping effects and semiconductor behaviors of the dispersed p- and n-Si, p- and n- GaAs particles in the aqueous electrolyte have been studied using microelectrophoretic, voltammetric and chronoamperometric techniques. The cations (K$^{+}$) are adsorbed on both the p- and n- Si particle surfaces regardless of the sign of space charges in the depletion layers, i.e. doping profiles. The surface states are negatively charged acceptor states. On the other hand, the anions (CI$^{-}$) are adsorbed on both the p- and n- GaAs particle surfaces regardless of the sign of space charges in the depletion layers, i.e. doping profiles. The surface states are positively charged donor states. Under the same conditions, electrophoretic mobilities, electrochemical processes, doping effects and related semiconductor behaviors of the Si and the GaAs particles are similar regardless of the doping profiles, i. e. dopants and doping concentrations. The doping effects and related semiconductor behaviors of the dispersed p- and n- type semiconductor particles are gradually lost with decreasing dimensions.

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Possibility of Establishing an International Court of Air and Space Law (국제항공우주재판소의 설립 가능성)

  • Kim, Doo-Hwan
    • The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.139-161
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    • 2009
  • The idea of establishing an International Court of Air and Space Law (hereinafter referred to ICASL) is only my academic and practical opinion as first proposal in the global community. The establishment of the International Court of Air and Space Law can promote the speed and promote fairness of the trial in air and space law cases. The creation of an ICASL would lead to strengthening of the international cooperation deemed essential by the global community towards joint settlement in the transnational air and space cases, claims and would act as a catalyst for the efforts and solution on aircraft, satellite and space shuttle's accidents and cases and all manpower, information, trial and lawsuit to be centrally managed in an independent fashion to the benefit of global community. The aircraft, satellite and spacecraft's accidents attributes to the particular and different features between the road, railway and maritime's accidents. These aircraft, satellite and spacecraft's accidents have incurred many disputes between the victims and the air and space carriers in deciding on the limited or unlimited liability for compensation and the appraisal of damages caused by the aircraft's accidents, terror attack, satellite, space shuttle's accidents and space debris. This International Court of Air and Space Law could hear any claim growing out of both international air and space crash accidents and transnational accidents in which plaintiffs and defendants are from different nations. This alternative would eliminate the lack of uniformity of decisions under the air and space conventions, protocols and agreements. In addition, national courts would no longer have to apply their own choice of law analysis in choosing the applicable liability limits or un-limit for cases that do not fall under the air and space system. Thus, creation of an International Court of Air and Space Law would eliminate any disparity of damage awards among similarly situated passengers and shippers in nonmembers of air and space conventions, protocols, agreements and cases. Furthermore, I would like to explain the main items of the abovementioned Draft for the Convention or Statute of the International Court of Air and Space Law framed in comparison with the Statute of the International Court of Justice, the Statue of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea and the Statute of the International Criminal Court. First of all, in order to create the International Court of Air and Space Law, it is necessary for us to legislate a Draft for the Convention on the Establishment of the International Court of Air and Space Law. This Draft for the Convention must include the elected method of judges, term, duty and competence of judge, chambers, jurisdiction, hearing and judgment of the ICASL. The members of the Court shall be elected by the General Assembly and Council of the ICAO and by the General Assembly and Legal Committee of the UNCOPUOS from a list of persons nominated by the national groups in the six continent (the North American, South American, African, Oceania and Asian Continent) and two international organization such as ICAO and UNCOPUOS. The members of the Court shall be elected for nine years and may be re-elected as one time. However, I would like to propose a creation an International Court of Air and Space Law in extending jurisdiction to the International Court of Justice at the Hague to in order to decide the air and space convention‘s cases. My personal opinion is that if an International Court on Air and Space Law will be created in future, it will be settled quickly and reasonably the difficulty and complicated disputes, cases or lawsuit between the wrongdoer and victims and the injured person caused by aircraft, satellite, spacecraft's accidents or hijacker and terrorists etc. on account of deciding the standard of judgment by judges of that’s court. It is indeed a great necessary and desirable for us to make a new Draft for the Convention on a creation of the International Court of Air and Space Law to handle international air and space crash litigation. I shall propose to make a new brief Draft for the Convention on the Creation of an International Court of Air and Space Law in the near future.

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Analysis of the Wireless Communication Environment in the Narrowed Residential Space for the Fire fighting Operation (소방작전을 위한 협소거주 공간의 무선 통신 환경 분석)

  • Park, Hyun-Ju;Hong, Sang-Beom;Choi, Hyuk-Jo
    • The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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    • v.10 no.3
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    • pp.242-248
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    • 2017
  • Recently, Population has been concentrated in cities due to rapid economic growth. As a result, urban buildings are becoming more dense, high-rise, and diversified. The shape of these urban buildings increases the risk of fire, accidents and crime. The narrow living space has the characteristic of the unchanged floor. In case of a fire, the living space of the narrow residence is large in the damage because the smoke diffusion rate is fast. The radio wave transmittance and transmission distance of wireless communication used in fire fighting operations vary depending on the type of building materials and buildings. Therefore, this paper analyzes the building materials and structural characteristics of the narrow residential space for efficient fire fighting operations. We have developed a communication environment solution for a narrow residential space for the optimal fire fighting operation through the measurement of the radio wave transmittance and the transmission distance of the wireless communication.

A Study on Expression for Indoor Design base of Interactive using Digital Art (디지털 아트를 활용한 인터랙티브 기반의 실내공간디자인 표현 연구)

  • Kim, Jae-Heon;Kim, Chee-Yong
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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    • v.13 no.11
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    • pp.2473-2478
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    • 2009
  • The latest, Digital art is attempt new field's Art, that is utilize variously digital media image, sound, simulation, 3D holography. A large number of Digital Art is contact with the audience in pavilion(limit place and limit period). However, It will be possible, Digital Art can use place digital form media even there are indoor, outdoor, anywhere. Prior to study, I was to analyze the feature of Digital Art in order to using Digital Art, Interactivity make communication between humans and the art as well as cause audience participation, and take a role of bridge between human and space. A study was base on the relationship between human and space, space and Digital Art, Digital Art and human taken the focus interaction between human and space, and Interactivity of Digital Art. This paper analyze reciprocal action for utilize Digital Art in indoor space design, and this paper study expression about indoor design base of interactive.