• 한국철학논집
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• 제28호
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• pp.387-415
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• 2010

이 논문은 향후 조선유학자들의 『역학계몽』의 수용양상을 연구하기 위한 선행연구로서 『역학계몽』에 나타난 주자역학의 특징을 고찰한 것이다. 주로 『역학계몽』 원전을 분석하여 주자가 『역학계몽』을 지은 문제의식은 무엇이며, 그러한 문제를 풀어가는 논리와 사유의 특색은 무엇인가를 논의한 것이다. 주자의 문제의식은 당시 한대역학, 도교역학, 의리역학 등을 망라하여 새로이 계통이 있는 유가역학을 건립하려는데 있었다. 주자(朱子)는 문제해결을 위한 이론모델로 소강절(邵康節)의 선천학을 수용하고, 그의 선천개념을 변용하여 하락상수론을 제시한다. 하락을 자연의 이치가 담긴 역의 근원이자 성인의 심법과 일치하는 것으로 보아, 상수가 단순히 술수가 아니라, 자연의 이치와 성인의 심법을 드러내는 매체임을 밝힌다. 또한 십익의 내용들을 『역학계몽』의 주요탐구 대상으로 삼음으로써 그가 추구하는 상수가 이미 공자가 승인한 내용임을 정당화한다. 그리하여 하도의 중(中,태극), 소강절 선천학의 태극, 주렴계 태극도설의 태극을 하나로 회통시킴으로써 상·수·리가 일체가 되며, 우주론과 존재론, 수양론을 포괄하는 체계를 세우고자 하였다고 본다. 마치 리(理)와 기(氣)가 불리부잡(不雜不離)의 관계에 있듯, 상수와 리의 관계 역시 상호 밀착된 것이다. 이와 같이 상수를 이치를 드러내는 매개로 보는 주자의 하락상수론은 당대의 번쇄한 상수론을 대체하여 「계사전」에 입각한 새로운 점법을 정비하고, 그에 의거하여 춘추전국시대의 점친 사례를 고증함으로써, 그의 상수론이 추상적 이론에 그치는 것이 아니라 구체적 점법으로 적용가능함을 보여준다. 주자이후 중국학계에서 직접 『역학계몽』자체를 연구한 경우는 많지 않아, 조선에서 『역학계몽』관련 저작이 30편을 상회하는 것과는 대조적이다. 향후 조선유학자들의 『역학계몽』연구를 탐색하는 것은 조선역학의 특색을 밝히는 하나의 통로가 될 것이다.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.280-287
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• 2015

Three-level PWM rectifiers applied in medium voltage applications usually operate at low switching frequency to keep the dynamic losses under permitted level. However, low switching frequency brings a heavy cross-coupling between the current components $i_d$ and $i_q$ with a poor dynamic system performance and a harmonic distortion in the grid-connecting current. To overcome these problems, a mathematical model based on complex variables of the three-level voltage source PWM rectifier is firstly established, and the reasons of above issues resulted from low switching frequency have been analyzed using modern control theory. Then, a novel control strategy suitable for the current decoupling control based on the complex variables for $i_d$ and $i_q$ is designed here. The comparisons between this kind of control strategy and the normal PI method have been carried out. MATLAB and experimental results are given in detail.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.321-329
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• 2004

These days as the average span of man's life increases, the patients of senile dementia also increase. In oriental medicine, the study of dementia developed during the Ming and Qing eras. So I investigated medical books on those eras, as a result, the following conclusion was drawn. 1. ZhangJingYue of the Ming era considered the cause of dementia to be emotional problems, he observed a delirium, abnormal actions, sweating loss and depression in the dementia patients and he prescribed 'BokManJeon', 'ChilBokYem' and 'DaeBoWonJeon'. 2. ChenShiZe of the Ming&Qing era considered the cause of dementia to be a dejection of liver energy, a weakness of stomach energy and phlegm, he described many symptoms and he prescribed 'SeSimTang' and 'ChukBoSunDan'. 3. WangQingRen of the Qing era considered amnesia caused by abnormal brain function, this fact is similar to Western Medicine.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.146-168
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• 1998

This thesis is a study on the diagnostic theory and methods of Macjin(checking of pulse) as described in the Whang Di Nei Qing. There are four methods of Macjin in this text, namely: Dong Macjin(動脈法), Sam Bu Gu Who Macjin(三部九脈診). In Young Gi Gu Macjin(人迎氣口脈診法), Nei Qing's Gi Gu Macjin(內徑의 氣口脈法). Each method developed in it's own way, but they are all closely related and became the basis of today's Macjin. I examined the methods of Macjin in the Whang Di Nei Qing from a perspective of "change". The main questions of this study are: "What brought about the development of the different methods?". "How do the methods differ?", and "how did these methods evoke into today's Macjin?". The method of Macjin generated spontaneously from the observation and treatment of disease. Dong Macjin was the first method developed and became the basis of subsequent forms of Macjin. The accumulation of medical knowledge and the influence of oriental philosophy fueled the evolution of Macjin. Chronologically, Macjin methods developed starting with Dong Macjin and eventually into Sam Bu Gu Who Macjin. In Young Gi Gu Macjin, and Nei Qing's Gi Gu Macjin. The different methods of Macjin vary in how many pulse points are checked, and were established with simplicity and effectiveness in mind. Dong Macjin involves the checking the whole body. Sam Bu Gu Who Macjin involves nine points. In Young Gi Gu Macjin involves four points. and Nei Qing's Gi Gu Macjin involves two. In it's early development, the checking of a patient's pulse was used to diagnose only localized disorders in comparison with symptoms. It evolved with Oh Jang Mad(五臟脈, five main types of pulse) to be able to check internal organs with the introduction of Nei Qing's Gi Gu Macjin. After the division of Chon Kwan Chuck(寸關尺), it evolved further to be able to make a detailed diagnosis by using the result of pules checks. Nowadays, we can make 28 forms of diagnostic indices from these development. In conclusion, Macjin can be used practically and effectively in the diagnosis of disease. In using three methods of Macjin(In Young Gi Gu Macjin, Nei Qing's Gi Gu Macjin, and today's Gi Gu Macjin, which can determine the whole body's Siate of well-being) in conjunction with Dong Macjin(which helps pinpoint the localized disorder), an exact diagnosis can be obtained. I strongly feel that we should acquire objectivity by accommodating Macjin with modern methods of medicine.

• 천문학회보
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.85.2-85.2
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• 2014

The origin of the Korean Screen Planisphere with both Traditional and New Star-Charts, made by Korean Astronomers in the Royal Astronomical Bureau of the Joseon Dynasty by adopting the knowledge of the European astronomy, is investigated by analyzing its inscriptions and star charts. The considerations on both the changes in notations or representations of names of asterisms and the naming taboos used in the Old-style planisphere imply that the star-chart is originated from either the Sukjong-Stele-Replica of Cheonsang-Yeolcha-Punyajido(天象列次分野之圖). The New style planisphere is just the reproduction of Huangdao-congxingtu (黃道總星圖), with the exception of the non-Chinese-traditional stars. The Huangdao-congxingtu was made in 1723 CE by Ignatius K$\ddot{o}$gler who was a Jesuit missionary and worked for the Bureau of Astronomy (欽天監) in the Qing Dyansty. I find that the star chart was imported in 1742 CE from the Qing by An Gukrin (安國麟) who was an astronomer in the Royal Astronomical Bureau of Joseon. The chart became model for the screen star-chart made in 1743 CE and now housed in Bopju temple. I found that the inscriptions are extracted from the sentences in both Xinzhi Lingtai Yixiangzhi (新製靈臺儀象志) and Qinding Yixiangkaocheng (欽定儀象考成). Korean historical records in either Daily Records of the Royal Secretariat of the Joseon Dynasty (承政院日記) or Annals of the Joseonn Dynasty (朝鮮王朝實錄) show that Xinzhi Lingtai-Yixiangzhi was imported from the Qing Dynasty in 1708 CE, and the Qinding Yixiangkaocheng was imported in 1766 CE. Thus, the Korean Screen Planisphere with both Old and New Star-charts was certainly made after 1766 CE.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.193-203
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• 2003

Magoja is a jacket for men and women. Magoja was worn between the jacket, jogori and the coat durumagi; that is over the jacket and under the coat. In the 19th century, Daewon-kun, who was wearing maqua, was in China and he came back to Korea. So, it was believed that the origin of magoja was from maqua from Qing. But, there were differences between magoja and maqua in their design. Therefore, I researched the origin of magoja and tried to know the design and the method of wearing magoja in the Chosun dynasty. The results are as follows. The design of magoja, especially its collar, was different from Chinese maqua. As analyzed above, it is difficult to regard the origin of magoja as deriving from Daewon-kun's maqua, which he wore when he went to Qing. Magoja-style jacket can be found from many old pictures. The collar of those jacket, whose style was waonsam-git unlike the present-day magoja, is consistent with the collar of sagyusam or baeja. And this kind of git style had existed for a long period of time as already studied in bangryungbangbi. Furthermore, the origin of this kind of jacket dated back to the maeksu of the Sung Dynasty; maek meaning Koguryo, maeksu was understood to indicate the style of the Koguryo jacket of short sleeves for the convenience of horseback riding. Maeksu, which varied in its kind and style, had been used as the equestrian clothes in China and was assumed to be particularly put on widely during the Yuan and Sung Dynasties. Maeksu continued to exist as daegeumeui during the Ming Dynasty but, later called magua, it was worn more widely ding the Qing Dynasty of the Manchus. This kind of maeksu or magua was the jacket which could be put on the coat and this style of wearing it during the Chosun Dynasty could be confirmed by the pictures. Therefore, magoja is not the jacket which was all of sudden derived from Qing's magua but one of traditional Korean clothes of the northern provinces which had existed for a long period of time. And magoja seemed to be put on more widely during the latter part of the Chosun Dynasty because of the influence of Qing's magua.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.497-510
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• 2004

본 연구는 우리나라 대표적인 연행기로 알려져 있는 열하일기 내용 가운데 "도하록(渡河錄)", "감경잡식(監京雜識)", "일신수필(馹迅隨筆)"의 세편을 대상으로 지리적 인식측면에서 접근한 첫 연구이다. 연구목적은 18세기 후반 저명한 실학자인 박지원의 눈을 통한 중국(당시 청나라)의 자연지리적 문화지리적 지역지리적 인식은 어떠했나를 살피고자 했다. 청나라에 대한 기후와 날씨, 산세에 대한 인식과 압록강, 백두산, 안시성, 발해, 평양 등의 지명 유래설명을 통해 연암의 해박하고 정확한 자연지리적 인식을 알 수 있다. 청나라 다양한 계층의 사람들과 그들 복장에 대한 묘사를 통해 문화지리적 인식을 알 수 있고, 요동시가지와 산해관을 둘러보면서 서술한 지역지리적 인식은 지리학자의 날카로운 눈을 연상케 한다. 박지원의 열하일기를 통해 본 청나라의 지리적 인식을 통해, 당시의 청조(淸朝)는 조선사회의 문화, 제도를 크게 앞선 선진지역임을 확인할 수 있고, 따라서 연암은 실학적 사고를 통해 앞선 문물을 배우고 소화시켜 우리 것을 선진화시킬 것을 강조하고 있다.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.615-622
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• 2012

The switching frequency of the power electronic devices used in large synchronous motor drives is usually kept low (less than 1 kHz) to reduce the switching losses and to improve the converter power capability. However, this results in a couple of problems, e.g. an increase in the harmonic components of the stator current, and an undesired cross-coupling between the magnetization current component ($i_m$) and the torque component ($i_t$). In this paper, a novel complex matrix model of electrically excited synchronous motors (EESM) was established with a new control scheme for coping with the low switching frequency issues. First, a hybrid observer was proposed to identify the instantaneous fundamental component of the stator current, which results in an obvious reduction of both the total harmonic distortion (THD) and the low order harmonics. Then, a novel complex current controller was designed to realize the decoupling between $i_m$ and $i_t$. Simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of this novel control system for EESM drives.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제33권
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• pp.385-406
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• 2013

This research starts based on the assumption that the changes of educational system in China which had been caused by accepting western educational system in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China are indeed considered as a paradigm shift of educational system in China, This research aims first to investigate what kinds of problems and changes Chinese educational system confronted at that time and second to examine what kinds of implications such changes and problems of paradigm shift may have today in China. In order to achieve the goals of this research, I first researched changes and characteristics of educational paradigm shift occurred in the history of China. On the basis of those findings, I tried to analyze acculturation problems of Chinese educational system for that of western countries at that time, their implications in present time Chinese educational system, and the possibility of further paradigmatic shift in present Chinese education. In this paper, I assumed three historical paradigmatic shifts in educational system in China which had big influences on the foundation of Chinese education, such as the introduction of Confucian Thoughts, the introduction of Civil Examination System in Sui Dynasty, and lastly the introduction of western educational system in the late Qing Dynasty. The last paradigmatic shift occurred by the introduction of western education system into China was very different from the previous two paradigmatic shifts in China in that it was literally initiated by the world with cultures different from those of China, and that's why it is called Spatial Collision. It was also one of the many changes China had been forced to confront unvoluntarily. It was done for many other complicated factors such as the greed of western imperialistic countries, spreading of Christianity and missionary education, domestic resistance against long feudal reigning of Qing Dynasty, and lastly the intellect's eagerness for new knowledge and new ways of thinking. What is surely regretful for the paradigmatic shift of Chinese educational system was that it had been triggered by those many heterogeneous factors, thereby leading to such a sudden, entire and complete shift of Chinese education system. In addition, it was done without a deeper and further consideration of Chinese education system with thousand years of tradition. This situation could be understood to be an impetus strong enough to encourage the advent of a new paradigm propelled by rapid economic growth of China, many problems of western education system, reconsideration of Chinese tradition, and strengthening of women power in China, etc.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.33-43
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• 2014

Objective I would like to identify when 'If the wind damage people, they feel aversion to wind. If the cold damage people, they feel aversion to cold.(傷風則惡風 傷寒則惡寒)' has appeared and what does this hypothesis have affected. I also researched future scholars' opinions and their criticism on this hypothesis. Methods: 1. Among the books which are related to Cold damage according to the age, books which have original text that has a relationship with this hypothesis were elected. Total of 30 books were elected, and their original text was extracted and analyzed. Results 1. This hypothesis appeared first on Hwalinseo(活人書) in the Song Dynasty, and had lots of impact on future generations. 2. After passing Song, Yuan, and Ming Dynasty, there were some opinions appeared which criticized part of this hypothesis. Dongeuibogam(東醫寶鑑) also tried to correct this hypothesis. 3. Bang Yu-Jip(方有執) of Ming Dynasty straightly opposed this hypothesis on Sanghanronjobyeon(傷寒論條辨)for the first time. It had huge influence in the Qing Dynasty and lots of scholars suggested that this hypothesis lacks persuasion. 4. Just like Qing Dynasty, this hypothesis is not accepted in the books of modern ages. Conclusion This hypothesis appeared in the Song Dynasty for the first time and had lots of influence, but some counter arguments had appeared as time passed, and during Qing Dynasty, this hypothesis lost its creditibility with lots of criticism.