• 패션비즈니스
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.74-84
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• 2013

The purpose of this research is to provide useable data for application in American and Korean apparel company. This data was developed by analyzing information of Korean and American body sizes obtained from "Size USA Project" and "Size Korea Project". The Subjects were 6,306 American females and 1,988 Korean females over 18 years old. 30 measurements and 14 computed values were chosen that were considered critical in making garments. And descriptive analysis, percentile analysis and t-test were used as statistical methods for analyzing measurements and computed value between the two countries. The results were as follows. It was determined that American women were larger and bigger than Korean women in all measurements and computed values, except for Shoulder Slope. Based on BMI values, we determined that American women had a distinct tendency towards being overweight. Through the comparison of drop values (i.e. the difference between Hip and Bust Girths or Hip and Waist Girths), ratio values (i.e. waist height divided by height) and Body Mass Index (BMI) between the two countries, we determined that American women's figures were shapelier than Korean women's. American women had higher hip heights and longer leg lengths for their height compared to Korean woman. Furthermore, the back shapes of Korean women were flatter than American women and BMI values indicated American women were relatively more overweight than Korean women.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2003

Phytoecdysteroids with moulting hormone (MH) activity induce different responses in silkworms when used on different day of final instar, which can be manipulated for maximum benefit like early and uniform spinning behaviour, reducing crop loss and to increase cocoon yield. The results showed that application of this hormone on seed crop viz., CSR2, CSR4 and BL44 and BL67 in early stage of 5$^{th}$ instar i.e., at 72 hrs and 96 hrs though induced early and uniform spinning behaviour, there was an adverse effect by 9-36% on the economic characters like cocoon yield, cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight and also on fecundity etc. Application of this hormone in late stage of $5^th$ instar i.e., at the onset of spinning showed non-significant variations in some of the characters like cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight, cocoon shell ratio and fecundity. The physiological implications of phytoecdysteroid in hastening the maturation events and synchronization of spinning activities in different breeds are discussed.

• 음성과학
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.129-143
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• 2003

Fundamental frequency (Fo), jitter, shimmer, and harmonics-to-noise ratio (NHR) have been measured to see their interactions between the parameters using Multi-Dimensional Voice Program (MDVP). 100 Korean normal adults (50 males and 50 females) ranging from their early 20's to their early 30's produced the eight sustained vowels including /a/, /i/, /u/, /c/, /e/,/$\varepsilon$/, /i/, and /e/. The subjects were asked to read the above vowels five times in isolation with the interval of five seconds, respectively. Male voices, on the average, showed 130.7 Hz in Fo, 0.6696% in jitter, 1.8151% in shimmer, and 0.12 in NHR, while female voices showed 232.8 Hz in Fo, 0.9222% in jitter, 1.9199% in shimmer, and 0.1098 in NHR. As to the correlation coefficient, it was found that for male speakers jitter vs. shimmer, shimmer vs. NHR, Fo vs. shimmer, and Fo vs. NHR are statistically significant. It was found that for female subjects jitter vs. shimmer and Fo vs. shimmer are statistically significant. However, it is concluded that the correlation coefficient in females are not meaningful in a practical way though they are all statistically significant.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.537-544
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• 2017

The strength and deformational capacity of slender reinforced concrete (RC) columns greatly rely on their slenderness ratios, while an additional secondary moment (i.e., the $P-{\delta}$ effect) can be induced especially when the RC column members are exposed to fire. To evaluate the fire-resisting performances of RC columns, this study proposed an axial force-flexural moment (i.e., P-M) interaction curve model, which can reflect the fire-induced slenderness effects and the nonlinearity of building materials considering the level of stress and the magnitude of temperature. The P-M interaction model proposed in this study was verified in detail by comparing with the fire test results of RC column specimens reported in literature. The verification results showed that the proposed model can properly evaluate the fire-resisting performances of RC column members.

• 음성과학
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.33-51
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• 2008

Difference of learner speech and loanword phonology is investigated in terms of Korean learners' speech and their loanword adaptation of English words with a post-vocalic word-final stop. When we compared the speech of 12 Korean learners in mid-intermediate level with that of eight English speakers, the learner speech did not reflect loanword phonology of the vowel insertion after a voiced word-final stop (e.g., rib$[\dotplus]$, bad$[\dotplus]$, gag$[\dotplus]$ vs. tip[=], cat[=], book[=]), but, instead, the target phonology of vowel lengthening before a voiced word-final stop (e.g., rib[r.I:b], CAD$[k{\ae}:d]$, bag$[b{\ae}:g]$ vs. rip[rI.p], cat$[k{\ae}t]$, back$[b{\ae}k])$. A longitudinal study of learner speech before and after instruction showed some development toward the acquisition of target phonology. The results indicate that learner speech departs from loanword phonology, and approaches to target speech in a faster rate than direct ratio. Thus, native phonology predicts loanword phonology, but lends little support to learner speech. Our results also indicate that loanword phonology is constant, while learner speech changes toward the acquisition of target phonology.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.860-869
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• 2000

Numerical and experimental investigations are performed for the molecular transition and slip flows in pumping channels of a disk-type drag pump. The flow occurring in the pumping channel develops from the molecular transition to the slip flow traveling downstream. Two different numerical methods are used in this analysis: the first one is a continuum approach in solving the Navier-Stokes equations with slip boundary conditions, and the second one is a stochastic approach through the use of the direct simulation Monte Carlo method. In the experimental study, the inlet pressures are measured for various outlet pressures in the range of 0.1{\sim}4Torr. From the present study, the numerical results of predicting the performance, obtained by both methods, agree well with the experimental data for the range of Knudsen number $Kn{\leq}0.1$ (i.e., the slip flow regime). But the results from the second method only agree with the experimental data for Kn>0.1(i.e., the molecular transition regime)

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.189-194
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• 2018

Electrochemical reduction of nitrate was studied using Zn, Cu and (Ir+Ru)-Ti cathodes and Pt/Ti anode in a cell divided by an ion exchange membrane. During electrolysis, effects of the different cathode types on operating parameters (i.e., voltage, temperature and pH), nitrate removal efficiency and by-products (i.e., nitrite and ammonia) formation were investigated. Ammonia oxidation rate in the presence of NaCl was also determined using the different ratios of hypochlorous acid to ammonia. The operating parameter values were similar for all types of cathode materials and were maintained relatively constant. Nitrate was well reduced and converted mostly to ammonia using Zn and Cu cathodes. Ammonia, produced as a by-product of nitrate reduction, was oxidized in the presence of NaCl in the electrochemical process and the oxidation performance was enhanced upon increasing the hypochlorous acid-to-ammonia ratio to 1.09:1. Zn and Cu cathodes promoted the nitrate reduction to ammonia and the produced ammonia was finally removed from solution by reacting with hypochlorite ions. Using Zn or Cu cathodes, instead of noble metal cathodes, in the electrochemical process can be an alternative technology for nitrate-containing wastewater treatment.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.140-145
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• 2011

The effects of nonionic surfactant solutions of 0.1g/dL on detergency and liquid wetting/retention properties of soiled polyester/cotton(65/35) cloth were studied. Soiled polyester/cotton(65/35) cloth (EMPA 104) and 10 different nonionic surfactants (Span 20, Tween 20, 40, 60, 80, 21, 61, 81, 65, 85) were used in the study. The water retention and liquid retention capacity values of soiled cloth were decreased compared with those of unsoiled cloth. The wetting and water retention of soiled cloth improved with addition of surfactants, whereas water retention ratio(W/H) values didnot change markedly. Generally surfactants with low surface tension and high HLB (Hydrophile-lipophile balance) were more effective in improving the wetting/retention properties of soiled cloth. Nonionic surfactants having high ethylene oxide contents of 20 moles; i.e., Tween 20, 40, 60 & 80, showed better detergency than low ethylene oxide contents of 4 moles; i.e., Tween 21, 61 & 81. As HLB values of surfactants and $cos{\theta}$ of the soiled cloth increase, the detergency values of soiled cloth increased.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.89-96
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• 1974

열중성자 포획 과정을 통한 핵이성체 쌍 즉 $^{80}$ B $r^{m, g}$, sup 81/S $e^{m, g}$, $^{104}$ R $h^{m, g}$, $^{116}$ I $n^{m, g}$ 및 $^{134}$ C $s^{m, g}$ 의 단면적 비를 다루었다. 방사화 방법에 의하여 구하여진 이들 핵이성체 쌍의 단면적 비의 실험측정치를 수정 보완된 Huizenga-Vandenbosch법에 의한 계산치와 비교 검토하였다. 상기 측정치와 계산치는 spin cut-off parameter와 ${\gamma}$-선의 중복도를 적절히 조정함으로써 30% 이내의 오차 범위내에서 일치시킬 수 있었다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.929-949
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• 2014

Thirty one push-out tests were carried out in order to investigate the bond behavior between shape steel, steel tube (named steels) and recycled aggregate concrete (RAC), including 11 steel reinforced recycled aggregate concrete (SRRAC) columns, 10 recycled aggregate concrete-filled circular steel tube (RACFCST) columns and 10 recycled aggregate concrete-filled square steel tube (RACFSST) columns. Eleven recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) replacement ratios (i.e., 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% and 100%) were considered for SRRAC specimens, while five RCA replacement ratios (i.e., 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%), concrete type and length-diameter ratio for recycled aggregate concrete-filled steel tube (RACFST) specimens were designed in this paper. Based on the test results, the influences of all variable parameters on the bond strength between steels and RAC were investigated. It was found that the load-slip curves at the loading end appeared the initial slip earlier than the curves at the free end. In addition, eight practical bond strength models were applied to make checking computations for all the specimens. The theoretical analytical model for interfacial bond shear transmission length in each type of steel-RAC composite columns was established through the mechanical derivation, which can be used to design and evaluate the performance of anchorage zones in steel-RAC composite structures.