• 동의신경정신과학회지
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.49-64
• /
• 2009

Objectives : The water and methanol extracts of Aconitum carmichaeli(Aconiti Tuber Preparat) were investigated for their anti-depressant effects. Methods : In this study, reserpine-induced hypothermia test, tail suspension test and hot plate test. Additionally, the brain monoamine oxidase activity was determined in vivo. Results: In the reserpine-induced hypothermia test, both extracts suppressed the fall of body temperature compared to the control group in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting the inhibition on hypothermia. In the tail suspension test, the methanol extract dose-dependently reduced the duration of immobility by 28.4% at a dose of 1 g/kg compared to control group, which is more effective than the water extract. In the hot plate test, the water extract and methanol extract increased the jump latency time compared to the control group, showing the inhibition rate of 198% and 182%, respectively, at a dose of 1 g/kg. Methanol extracts potently inhibited the brain monoamine oxidase activity in an in vivo assay compared to the control group, showing 84.6% inhibition, but the water extract revealed very weak activity. Conclusions : Above results suggested that the extract of Aconitum carmichaeli can be useful for the prevention and treatment of depression.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• 제56권10호
• /
• pp.446-450
• /
• 2013

Purpose: This study evaluated the extent of damage due to hypothermia in the mature and immature brain. Methods: Hippocampal tissue cultures at 7 and 14 days in vitro (DIV) were used to represent the immature and mature brain, respectively. The cultures were exposed at $25^{\circ}C$ for 0, 10, 30, and 60 minutes (n=30 in each subgroup). Propidium iodide fluorescent images were captured 24 and 48 hours after hypothermic injury. Damaged areas of the cornu ammonis 1 (CA1), CA3, and dentate gyrus (DG) were measured using image analysis. Results: At 7 DIV, the tissues exposed to cold injury for 60 minutes showed increased damage in CA1 (P<0.001) and CA3 (P=0.005) compared to the control group at 48 hours. Increased damage to DG was observed at 24 (P=0.008) and 48 hours (P=0.011). The 14 DIV tissues did not demonstrate any significant differences compared with the control group, except for the tissues exposed for 30 minutes in which DG showed less damage at 48 hours than the control group (P=0.048). In tissues at 7 DIV, CA1 (P=0.040) and DG (P=0.013) showed differences in the duration of cold exposure. Conclusion: The immature brain is more vulnerable to hypothermic injury than the mature brain.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.105-114
• /
• 1969

This experiment was carried out to study the responses of cellular component of blood and bone marrow to cold and also the changes of coagulation during cooling. Forty-two mongrel dogs were subjected to hypothermia by ice-water surface cooling technique. Lowest body temperature ranged from 21-23 degree. Dogs were divided into 3 groups,Group I, 12 dogs: pentothal anesthesia for 3 hours, Group II, 20 dogs;hypothermic group and Group III,10 dogs;postsplenectomy hypothermic group. Results were summarized as follows: 1. Hemoglobin, hematocrit and red blood cell count significantly increased when animals were cooled, and increase was noted in similar magnitude among the animals of Group I. 2. White blood cell count extremely decreased after cooling and effect of splenectomy on white blood cell count was not apparent. No significant changes were seen among Group I. 3. Differential count of white blood cell when cooled showed relative increase of polymorphonuclear neutrophil and decrease of lymphocyte. 4. There was marked decrease of platelets when body temperature reached to 21-23degree and essentially. no changes was noted in Group I. 5. Clotting time, bleeding time, plasma prothrombin time, recalcification time, and fibrinolysis showed no significant changes when dogs were cooled. Clot retration and prothrombin consumption during hypothermia appeared to be poor. In Group II, bleeding time decreased after splenctomy and when body temperature was lowered, plasma prothrombin time, clot retraction, and prothrombin consumption decreased. Decreased bleeding time and poor clot retraction were noted in Group I. 6. It was found that megacaryocyte count decreased even though platelet count of peripheral blood markedly diminsished when animals were cooled. There was some tendency of erythroid hyperplasia noted during hypothermia.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.231-238
• /
• 2016

Purpose: The study aimed to evaluate the changes of body temperature and to identify the factors related to changes during surgery in burned patients. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted by reviewing the medical records of 439 adult burned patients who had a surgery under general anesthesia at the Burn Center of a university hospital. Results: After surgery, body temperature of the burned patients declined from $36.6^{\circ}C$ to $35.2^{\circ}C$; 52.2% were hypothermia. There were significant differences in the changes of body temperature according to the participants' characteristics including American society of anesthesiologists physical status, type of burn injury, total burn surface area, range of exposure, operation time, anesthesia time, amount of fluid, blood transfusion, use of tourniquet, and the method of warming therapy. Factors that influence the temperature changes were total burn surface area (${\beta}=0.26$), operation time (${\beta}=0.25$), amount of fluid (0.20), and warming therapy including 'Room temperature setting + Heated circuit + Hot line'(${\beta}=0.09$) and 'Room temperature setting+one of others'(${\beta}=0.08$). Conclusion: Burned patients experienced a decrease of their body temperature during surgery despite of warming therapy. A nursing protocol is needed to provide an appropriate warming therapy based on their characteristics in burned patients.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.633-643
• /
• 1986

Five hundred cases of open heart surgery were operated in the Dept. of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Pusan National University Hospital from July, 1981 to October, 1986. The clinical data were summarized as follows: 1. The age distribution of congenital heart disease patients was 2 to 41 years old and mean age was 13.4 years and of acquired heart disease was 11 to 57 years old and mean age was 32.7 years. 2. There were 319 cases [63.8%] of acyanotic congenital heart anomalies, 56 cases [11.2%] of cyanotic anomalies and 125 cases [25.[%] of acquired heart disease. 3. For myocardial protection, Bretschneider and potassium glucose solution had been used as cardioplegic solution and since 1983, GIK solution is being used repeatedly every 30 to 40 minutes time interval with excellent results. 4. The ingredient of the priming solution is Hartmann`s solution, mannitol, sodium bicarbonate, potassium, chloride, fresh ACD whole blood, calcium chloride, heparin and dexamethasone. 5. There were 94 cases of mild hypothermia, 280 cases of moderate hypothermia and 126 cases of intermediate hypothermia. 6. The overall mortality was 8.2%. And the mortality rate in each disease entity is 2.5% in acyanotic congenital cases, 33.9% in cyanotic congenital cases and 11.2% in acquired heart disease.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.36-47
• /
• 1988

610 cases of open heart surgery was performed in the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Pusan National University Hospital from July 1981 to September 1987. The clinical data was summarized as follows: 1. The age distribution of congenital heart surgery patients was 2 to 41 years old [mean; 13.2 years] and surgery for acquired heart disease was 10 to 57 years old [mean: 32.8 years]. 2. There were 389 cases [63.8%] of acyanotic congenital heart anomalies, 63 cases [10.3%] of cyanotic congenital anomalies and 158 cases [25.9%] of acquired heart disease. 3. For myocardial protection, Bretschneider and potassium glucose solution had been used as cardioplegic solution and then since 1983, GIK solution has been used with repeated infusion method once for every 20 to 30 minutes of time interval after starting initial cardioplegia during operation with excellent results. 4. The ingredient of the priming solution is Hartmann`s solution, sodium bicarbonate, mannitol, potassium chloride, fresh ACD whole blood, calcium chloride, heparin and dexamethasone. 5. There were 96 cases [15.7%] of mild hypothermia, 333 cases [54.6%] of moderate hypothermia and 181 cases [29.7%] of intermediate hypothermia. 6. The mortality rate was 2.3% [9 out of 389 cases] in acyanotic congenital heart disease, 36.5% [23 out of 63 cases] in cyanotic congenital heart disease and 10.8% [17 out of 158 cases] in acquired heart disease, with overall mortality rate of 8.0% [49 out of 610 cases].

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• 제64권12호
• /
• pp.608-618
• /
• 2021

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is the most common cause of neonatal encephalopathy with a global incidence of approximately 1 to 8 per 1,000 live births. Neonatal encephalopathy can cause neurodevelopmental and cognitive impairments in survivors of hypoxic-ischemic insults with and without functional motor deficits. Normal neurodevelopmental outcomes in early childhood do not preclude cognitive and behavioral difficulties in late childhood and adolescence because cognitive functions are not yet fully developed at this early age. Therapeutic hypothermia has been shown to significantly reduced death and severe disabilities in term newborns with HIE. However, children treated with hypothermia therapy remain at risk for cognitive impairments and follow-up is necessary throughout late childhood and adolescence. Novel adjunctive neuroprotective therapies combined with therapeutic hypothermia may enhance the survival and neurodevelopmental outcomes of infants with HIE. The extent and severity of brain injury on magnetic resonance imaging might predict neurodevelopmental outcomes and lead to targeted interven tions in children with a history of neonatal encephalopathy. We provide a summary of the long-term cognitive outcomes in late childhood and adolescence in children with a history of HIE and the association between pattern of brain injury and neurodevelopmental outcomes.

• 임상간호연구
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.71-82
• /
• 2010

Purpose: The study was aimed to investigate the effects of warm fluid used during surgery on the patients' hypothermia prophylaxis and recovery after surgery. Methods: This data were collected from Jul. 13 to Nov. 31. 2009 at S hospital in M City. 60 patients who met the selection criteria were recruited in the study and divided into two groups. The warmed fluids were used for 30 patients in the experimental group, and the fluids in room air temperature were used for the others in the control group. Collected data were statistically analyzed using SPSS/win 18.0. Results: The body temperatures of the control group were significantly lower during surgery than those of the experimental group (p<.001). Shivering was significantly less occurred in the experimental group than the control group (p=.018). The experimental group used warmed fluids recovered faster than the control group. Conclusion: Warming fluid for the patients with general anesthesia was revealed to be effective in decreasing hypothermia during surgery, reducing shivering, helping recovery from the anesthesia. Further research is warranted to refine and apply this evidence in nursing practice.

• 대한약리학회지
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.99-110
• /
• 1985

한국특산 매자나무(Berberis Koreana Palibin)의 뿌리에서 분리한 majarine은 isoquinoline 알카로이드로서 본 교실에서는 중추신경계에 대한 약리작용을 검토하고 있다. Majarine을 마우스 복강내로 투여하여 직장온도 변화와 haloperidol, cyproheptadine과 reserpine 등에 대한 약물 상호작용을 관찰하여 다음과 같은 성적을 얻었다. Majarine은 마우스에 있어서 용량의존적으로 현저한 체온감소를 나타내었으나, 0.1 mg/kg투여시 체온증가의 유의성을 보였다. 체온감소는 haloperidol과 cyproheptadine으로 억제되었다. Reserpine처치 마우스에 있어서 ${\alpha}$-methyl-p-tyrosine으로 전처치한 다음 majarine 2.0mg/kg 투여시 체온감소를 나타내었다. 이러한 결과로 보아 majarine의 체온변화는 dopamine과 serotonin수용체에 관련성이 있다고 사려되고, 체온감소는 dopamine수용체에 직접적으로 작용한다고 생각되는 바이다.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제39권1호
• /
• pp.177-188
• /
• 1999

The studies were carried out to investigate the effect of recovery in rewarming using the esophageal thermal tube in the deep hypothermia($25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ ; rectal temp) in rabbits. Fifteen rabbits were divided into control group(n=6), peritoneal dialysis group(n=5) irrigated with dialysate at $42{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, and esophageal rewarming group(n=4) perfused with circulating water at $38{\pm}1^{\circ}C$. Rewarming of the rabbits was performed for 5 hours. MAP, HR, RR, esophageal temp, rectal temp, pH, $pCO_2$, $pO_2$, $Na^+$, and $K^+$ were observed. The results obtained in these experiments were summarized as follows : Esophageal rewarming group($38{\pm}1^{\circ}C$) had more effect on esophageal temperature than other groups. Peritoneal dialysis group($42{\pm}1^{\circ}C$) had more effect on rectal temperature and $pO_2$ than other groups. The both groups also had more effects on MAP, HR, RR, and $pCO_2$ than control group. Three groups had no significant effect on pH, $Na^+$, and $K^+$. In conclusion, we found that the simple, safe, and non-invasive esophageal rewarming method had an effect on the treatment of profound hypothermia as well as the peritoneal dialysis method in spite of the temperature difference between the dialysate and the circulating water, and the circulating water at $38{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ for esophageal rewarming also had an effect on the recovery of deep hypothermia.