• 한국재료학회지
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.697-702
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• 2011

Two-dimensional (2D) nano patterns including a two-dimensional Bravais lattice were fabricated by laser interference lithography using a two step exposure process. After the first exposure, the substrate itself was rotated by a certain angle, $90^{\circ}$ for a square or rectangular lattice, $75^{\circ}$ for an oblique lattice, and $60^{\circ}$ for a hexagonal lattice, and the $90^{\circ}$ and laser incident angle changed for rectangular and the $45^{\circ}$ and laser incident angle changed for a centered rectangular; we then carried out a second exposure process to form 2D bravais lattices. The band structure of five different 2D nano patterns was simulated by a beam propagation program. The presence of the band-gap effect was shown in an oblique and hexagonal structure. The oblique latticed ZnO nano-photonic crystal array had a pseudo-bandgap at a frequency of 0.337-0.375, 0.575-0.596 and 0.858-0.870. The hexagonal latticed ZnO nano-crystallite array had a pseudo-bandgap at a frequency of 0.335-0.384 and 0.585-0.645. The ZnO nano structure with an oblique and hexagonal structure was grown through the patterned opening window area by a hydrothermal method. The morphology of 2D nano patterns and ZnO nano structures were investigated by atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The diameter of the opening window was approximately 250 nm. The height and width of ZnO nano-photonic crystals were 380 nm and 250 nm, respectively.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.307-327
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• 2008

경주 중 저준위처분장의 안전성평가에 필요한 기초자료를 제공하고, 지화학 모델링의 자료를 제공하기 위하여 처분부지의 암석, 광물에 대한 지구화학적 특성연구를 수행하였다. 이를 위하여 편광 현미경 관찰, X-선 회절분석, 주원소 및 미량원소 화학분석, 미세조직관찰을 위한 주사전자현미경(SEM) 분석, 안정동위원소분석이 수행되었다. 조사지역내에는 지역적으로 파쇄대가 발달하여 있으며 이 파쇄대를 따라 매우 다양한 변질양상을 관찰할 수 있다. 처분부지의 모암은 화강섬록암 및 섬록암으로서 지표지질조사시 이들의 관계는 점이적으로 변하는 데에 비해 화학적으로는 비교적 명확하게 구별되어 화강섬록암이 성록암에 비해 높은 $SiO_2$ 함량, 낮은 MgO, $Fe_2O_3$ 함량을 보여준다. 그러나 $SiO_2$의 증가에 따라 각 주원소들의 변화경향이 동일선상에 놓여 있어서 이들이 동일한 마그마 기원일 가능성을 지시한다. 처분부지내의 주원소들의 공간적 분포를 살펴보면, 섬록암 지역이 화강섬록암 지역에 비해 낮은 $SiO_2,\;Al_2O_3,\;Na_2O,\;K_2O$ 및 높은 CaO, $Fe_2O_3$ 분포를 보여주어 화강섬록암과 섬록암 지역의 차이가 명확하다. 이 중 CaO와 $Na_2O$의 분포 양상은 섬록암과 화강섬록암 지역 간의 차이가 더욱 분명하고 그 증감 경향이 거의 정확하게 상반되어 있어 주구성광물인 사장석의 조성변화가 처분부지 암석의 조성을 변화시키는 가장 큰 원인임을 알 수 있다. 시추코아에서 확인된 단열광물은 몬모릴로나이트, 제올라이트광물, 녹니석, 일라이트, 방해석, 황철석 등이다. 일반적으로 열수변질광물로 알려져 있는 황철석과 로먼타이트가 매우 광범위하게 분포하는 것으로 보아 조사지역 전반에 걸쳐 광범위한 광화작용 혹은 열수변질작용이 있었음을 지시한다. 단열대 내 황철석의 황 안정동위원소분석과 단열충전광물들의 산소 및 수소 안정동위원소 분석결과 역시 이들이 마그마 기원임을 지시한다. 따라서 처분부지 내 단열충전광물들은 단열대를 따르는 지하수와의 단순한 물-암석 반응 이외에 광범위한 마그마 기원의 열수작용에 의한 영향을 받은 것으로 판단된다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.261-268
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 수열합성법과 주형합성법을 이용하여 메조포어를 지닌 $TiO_2$를 합성하였다. 수열합성법을 이용해서 anatase 구조의 메조포러스 $TiO_2$를 합성했다. Rutile 구조의 메조포러스 $TiO_2$를 제조하기 위해서 수열합성법으로 제조된 메조포러스 $TiO_2$를 $300^{\circ}C$부터 $700^{\circ}C$까지 소성시켰더니 $600^{\circ}C$부터 anatase에서 rutile 결정구조로 상전이가 일어났다. 하지만, 메조포어가 붕괴되었다. 메조포어을 지닌 $TiO_2$를 합성하기 위해서 메조포러스 실리카 KIT-6을 주형으로 사용하는 주형합성법을 사용하였다. 먼저 메조포어 내부에 $TiO_2$를 형성시키고 소성온도를 800, $900^{\circ}C$로 높여서 anatase에서 rutile로의 상전이 거동을 조사하였다. 수열합성을 통해 제조된 자유로운 상태의 메조포러스 $TiO_2$의 경우 $600^{\circ}C$에서 anatase에서 rutile로의 상전이가 일어났지만 제한된 공간인 메조포러스 기공 내부에 형성된 $TiO_2$의 경우 $800^{\circ}C$까지 가열하더라도 rutile구조로 상전이가 일어나지 않았고, $900^{\circ}C$로 소성시키자 일부의 anatase가 rutile로의 상전이가 일어나기 시작하였다. 이러한 상전이는 산소 빈자리의 형성에 의해서 일어나야 한다고 알려져 있지만 실리카 기공 내부에 형성된 $TiO_2$는 실리카 기공 표면이 산소 빈자리 형성을 방해해서 상전이가 억제되는 것으로 판단된다. $900^{\circ}C$의 높은 소성온도로 인해서 anatase와 rutile 구조가 섞여있으며 실리카 기공 내부에 형성된 $TiO_2$는 NaOH 수용액을 이용해서 주형인 KIT-6과 분리해서 메조포어를 지닌 $TiO_2$를 제조하였다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2012년도 제43회 하계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.386-386
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• 2012

For white light emitting diode (LED) applications, it has been reported that Y3Al5O12:Ce3+ (YAG:Ce) in nano-sized phosphor performs better than it does in micro-sized particles. This is because nano-sized YAG:Ce can reduce internal light scattering when coated onto a blue LED surface. Recently, there have been many reports on the synthesis of nano-sized YAG particles using bottom-up method, such as co-precipitation method, sol-gel process, hydrothermal method, solvothermal method, and glycothermal method. However, there has been no report using top-down method. Top-down method has advantages than bottom-up method, such as large scale production and easy control of doping concentration and particle size. Therefore, in this study, nano-sized YAG:Ce phosphors were synthesized by a high energy beads milling process with varying beads size, milling time and milling steps. The beads milling process was performed by Laboratory Mill MINICER with ZrO2 beads. The phase identity and morphology of nano-sized YAG:Ce were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), respectively. By controlling beads size, milling time and milling steps, we synthesized a size-tunable and uniform nano-sized YAG:Ce phosphors which average diameters were 100, 85 and 40 nm, respectively. After milling, there was no impurity and all of the peaks were in good agreement with YAG (JCPDS No. 33-0040). Luminescence and quantum efficiency (QE) of nano-sized YAG:Ce phosphors were measured by fluorescence spectrometer and QE measuring instrument, respectively. The synthesized YAG:Ce absorbed light efficiently in the visible region of 400-500 nm, and showed single broadband emission peaked at 550 nm with 50% of QE. As a result, by considering above results, high energy beads milling process could be a facile and reproducible synthesis method for nano-sized YAG:Ce phosphors.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.34-41
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• 2002

CdS and $TiO_2$ nanoparticles were made by the precipitation method and sol-gel method, respectively, and they were mixed mechanically and then treated with the hydrothermal processing. CdS-$TiO_2$ composite particulate films were thus prepared by casting CdS-$TiO_2$ mixed sol onto $SnO_2$ conducting glass and a subsequent heat-treatment at $400^{\circ}C$. Again, the physico-chemical and photoelectrochemical properties of these films were controlled by the surface treatment with $TiCl_4$ aqueous solution. The photocurrents and the hydrogen production rates measured under the present experimental conditions varied in the range of $3.5{\sim}4.5mA/cm^2$ and $0.3{\sim}1.8cc/cm^2$-hr, respectively, and showed the maximum values at the $CdS/[CdS+TiO_2]$ mole ratio of 0.2. Also, the surface treatment with $TiCl_4$ aqueous solution caused a considerable improvement in the photocatalytic activity, Probably as a result of close contacts between the primary particles by the etching effect of $TiCl_4$ It was found that the photoelectrochemical performance of these particulate films could be effectively enhanced by this approach.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.95-105
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• 2020

In this study, iron nanoparticles impregnated hydrochar (FeNPs@HC) was synthesized using lignocellulosic waste and simple one-pot synthetic method. During hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) process, the mixture of lignocellulosic waste and ferric nitrate (0.1~0.5 M) as a precursor of iron nanoparticles was added and heated to 220℃ for 3 h in a teflon sealed autoclave, followed by calcination at 600℃ in N₂ atmosphere for 1 h. For the characterization of the as-prepared materials, X-ray diffraction (XRD), cation exchange capacity (CEC), fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), transmission electron microscope (TEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) were used. The change of Fe(III) concentration in the feedstock influenced characteristics of produced FeNPs@HC and removal efficiency towards As(V) and Pb(II). According to the Langmuir isotherm test, maximum As(V) and Pb(II) adsorption capacity of Fe_0.25NPs@HC were found to be 11.81 and 116.28 mg/g respectively. The results of this study suggest that FeNPs@HC can be potentially used as an adsorbent or soil amendment for remediation of groundwater or soil contaminated with arsenic and cation heavy metals.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제27권9호
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• pp.582-588
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• 2014

3 mol% Co-added $Ni(OH)_2$ fine powders, which showed ${\beta}$-phase, as positive electrode materials have been fabricated using $NiSO_4{\cdot}6H_2O$ aqueous solution by ultrasonic spray-chemical precipitation and subsequent hydrothermal method, and sheet-like Ni nanopowder was fabricated by mechano-chemical reduction method. The addition effects of the sheet-like Ni nanopowder on the electrochemical properties of the positive electrode in Ni-Zn Redox flow battery were investigated. Impedance spectroscopy revealed that the addition of the sheet-like Ni nanopowder resulted in decrease in the electrical resistivity; 10 wt.% addition reduced the electrical properties by a fifth. Cyclic voltammetry showed the addition of the sheet-like Ni nanopowder resulted in decrease in the potential difference of oxidation and reduction; this means the increase in the reversability for electrode reduction. Charge/discharge measurement confirmed that the addition of the sheet-like Ni nanopowder resulted in the increase in the discharge efficiency.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.221-226
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• 2015

Ru catalysts supported on $CeO_2$ were synthesized by an impregnation method and characterized by numerous analytical techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Upon utilization of these catalysts for methane dry reforming with a $CH_4/CO_2$ ratio of 1:1 at different temperatures ranging from 550 to $750^{\circ}C$, the $Ru/CeO_2$ catalysts have shown to be active. In particular, Ru(0.55wt%) supported on $CeO_2$ (1) prepared by a hydrothermal method exhibited excellent activity with the conversion of > 75% at $750^{\circ}C$. In addition, the catalyst also proved to be highly stable for at least 47 h without catalyst deactivation under the dry reforming conditions.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.486-490
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• 2011

Nano-indium-coated ZnO:In thick films were prepared by a hydrothermal method. ZnO:In gas sensors were fabricated by a screen printing method on alumina substrates. The gas sensing properties of the gas sensors were investigated for hydrocarbon gas. The effects of the indium concentration of the ZnO:In gas sensors on the structural and morphological properties were investigated by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. XRD patterns revealed that the ZnO:In with wurtzite structure was grown with (1 0 0), (0 0 2), and (1 0 1) peaks. The quantity of In coating on the ZnO surface increased with increasing In concentration. The sensitivity of the ZnO:In sensors was measured for 5 ppm $CH_4$ gas and $CH_3CH_2CH_3$ gas at room temperature by comparing the resistance in air with that in target gases. The highest sensitivity to $CH_4$ gas and $CH_3CH_2CH_3$ gas of the ZnO:In sensors was observed at the In 6 wt%. The response and recovery times of the 6 wt% indiumcoated ZnO:In gas sensors were 19 s and 12 s, respectively.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.211-214
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• 2013

The effects of a Ni coating on the sensing properties of nano ZnO:Ni based gas sensors were studied for $CH_4$ and $CH_3CH_2CH_3$ gases. Nano ZnO sensing materials were prepared by the hydrothermal reaction method. The Ni coatings on the nano ZnO surface were deposited by the hydrolysis of zinc chloride with $NH_4OH$. The weight % of Ni coating on the ZnO surface ranged from 0 to 10 %. The nano ZnO:Ni gas sensors were fabricated by a screen printing method on alumina substrates. The structural and morphological properties of the nano ZnO : Ni sensing materials were investigated by XRD, EDS, and SEM. The XRD patterns showed that nano ZnO : Ni powders with a wurtzite structure were grown with (1 0 0), (0 0 2), and (1 0 1) dominant peaks. The particle size of nano ZnO powders was about 250 nm. The sensitivity of nano ZnO:Ni based sensors for 5 ppm $CH_4$ gas and $CH_3CH_2CH_3$ gas was measured at room temperature by comparing the resistance in air with that in target gases. The highest sensitivity of the ZnO:Ni sensor to $CH_4$ gas and $CH_3CH_2CH_3$ gas was observed at Ni 4 wt%. The response and recovery times of 4 wt% Ni coated ZnO:Ni gas sensors were 14 s and 15 s, respectively.