• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제56권4호
• /
• pp.532-540
• /
• 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with two different types of hydrolyzed blood meal (HBM) on the growth performance, feed utilization, digestibility and innate immunity of olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. A control diet (Con) consisting of 60% fish meal was formulated and four diets containing two different types of HBM at varying concentrations were prepared 2.5 and 5.0% liquid HBM (L2.5 and L5.0) and 0.5 and 1.0% powdered HBM (P0.5 and P1.0). A total of 450 olive flounder (average body weight: 50±0.07 g) were distributed in 15 tanks (240 L), with three replicate groups per diet. The fish were fed the diets to apparent satiation for 9 weeks and subsequently exposed to Edwardsiella tarda. The results showed that fish fed L2.5, L5.0 and P0.5 diets exhibited significantly higher lysozyme activity compared to those fed the Con and P1.0 diets. During the challenge test against E. tarda, the L5.0 and P0.5 fish groups exhibited higher disease resistance than that of the Con group. These findings indicate that dietary supplementation with HBM could positively effect the innate immunity and disease resistance of olive flounder.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제22권5호
• /
• pp.643-650
• /
• 2009

Two metabolism trials were conducted with 24 wether lambs to investigate the effects of feeding crab meal and other protein supplements on N utilization, digestibility and Ca and P balance in sheep. The lambs (avg. BW, 25 kg) were randomly allotted to eight diets in each of two trials. The supplements were: i) none, negative control (NC); ii) soybean meal (SBM), control; iii) supplement based on industrial byproducts of both plant and animal origin (IPA); iv) experimental supplement based on byproducts of animal origin (ESA); v) hydrolyzed supplement No 4. (HESA); vi) commercial supplement based on animal protein (CS), $Pro-Lak^{(R)}$ vii) crab meal (CM); and viii) urea (U). The supplements supplied 33% of the total dietary N (CP, 9.8%; DM basis). Lambs fed the NC diet had lower (p<0.05) DM and OM digestibility. Lower (p<0.05) apparent absorption of N was recorded for the lambs fed the HESA and NC diets. Sheep fed CM had lower Ca absorption compared to SBM. Highest (p<0.05) P absorption was observed for lambs fed CS and CM and lowest for U and NC diets. Sheep fed CM had higher (p<0.05) total VFA concentration (65.7 ${\mu}mol/ml$), compared to those fed ESA, CS, and NC diets (47.3, 49.8, and 49.5 ${\mu}mol/ml$, respectively). Highest (p<0.05) ruminal $NH_3$ N (29.6 mg/dl) was observed in lambs fed the U diet, while those fed the NC diet had the lowest (p<0.05) average value (7.66 mg/dl). Lambs fed the U diet had the highest (p<0.05) blood urea N (10.67 mg/dl). The present study showed that N utilization of diets supplemented with experimental supplements based on feather meal and blood meal; commercial supplement based on animal protein, $Prolak^{(R)}$ supplement based on plant protein and blood meal; and crab meal are comparable with that of soybean meal.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제4권3호
• /
• pp.263-274
• /
• 1991

Digestibilities of nutrients and energy are among the most important parameters to be determined in feed evaluation research. The apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of protein, total carbohydrate (TCHO), fat, energy and amino acids were determined for 14 common feed ingredients using chromic oxide as external indicator with Israeli carp (Cyprinus carpio). The ingredients tested were; corn, corn starch, gelatinized starch, wheat middling, wheat grade inferior, corn gluten meal, rapeseed meal (solvent extracted), soybean meal (solvent extracted), blood meal (drum dried), feather meal(hydrolyzed), file fish meal (flame dried), sardine fish meal (steam dried), sardine fish meal (flame dried) and brewers yeast (dehydrated). The overall ADC values were high in Israeli carp showing high capacity to digest their feed ingredients irrespective of plant or animal sources. In addition the ADC of plant protein was high enough to support the successful supplementation of fish meal with other plant proteins.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제17권9호
• /
• pp.1277-1280
• /
• 2004

The effect of duodenal infusion with feed oligo-peptide solution on portal absorption of amino acids was investigated in poultry under unanaesthetized conditions. Four peptide solutions were used in the experiment: enzymatic hydrolysates from fish meal, soybean meal, cottonseed meal and rapeseed meal proteins with average molecular weights less than 3,000 Da and 1,000 Da, respectively. Intestinal absorptions of these oligo-peptide solutions were compared by determining the concentration of free amino acid (FAA) in portal blood after the duodenal administrations of oligo-peptide solutions. Absorptive intensity and balance were used to estimate the intestinal absorption rate of amino acids. The absorptive intensities of amino acids were highest for the fish and soybean meal oligo-peptides. The ratios of amino acids absorbed in the portal blood from fish and soybean meal oligo-peptides were more similar to the composition of the infused amino acids than that observed from the cottonseed and rapeseed meal oligo-peptides. A positive correlation was found between absorption rate and proportion of PAA in the oligo-peptides. The higher absorption rate could be contributed to the higher proportion of peptide bound amino acids (PAA). The results suggest that fish and soybean meal protein are significantly more easily hydrolyzed into oligo-peptides (p<0.05) in the gastrointestinal tracts of poultry and as such can be utilized more effectively by body tissues.

• 한국가금학회지
• /
• 제48권3호
• /
• pp.133-142
• /
• 2021

본 연구는 단백질원으로서 가수분해 도계부산물(Enzyme-hydrolyzed poultry by-product meal)이 도계부산물(Poultry by-product meal) 및 대두박(Soybean meal)과 비교하여 육계의 생산성 등에 미치는 효과를 조사하고자 수행하였다. 실험에 사용된 가수분해 도계부산물은 SDS-PAGE와 MALDI-TOF 분석을 통해 가수분해가 잘 이루어져 저분자화 된 것을 확인하였다. 육계 300수를 이용해 1일령~35일령까지 3처리 5반복, 반복당 20수씩 배치하여 급여 실험을 한 결과, 가수분해 도계부산물(EHPBM) 처리구는 종료 시 평균체중 1,853±125.60 g으로 도계부산물(PBM) 처리구 1,723±76.81 g, 대두박(SBM) 처리구 1,545±62.31 g 보다 유의적으로 높았다(P<0.05). 전 기간 사료요구율은 가수분해 도계부산물(EHPBM) 처리구에서 1.74±0.064로 도계부산물(PBM) 처리구 1.67±0.060, 대두박(SBM) 처리구 1.65±0.053보다는 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 이는 도계부산물(PBM) 및 가수분해 도계부산물(EHPBM) 처리구에서 대두박(SBM) 처리구에 비해 유의적으로 증가한 사료섭취량에 기인하는 것으로 보이며, 결과적으로 생산성 향상에 긍정적인 효과를 미친 것으로 판단된다. 각종 장기 무게에서는 대부분 유의성 있는 차이를 보이지는 않았고, F낭 무게에서는 유의차가 나타났으나 차이는 크지 않아 단백질 공급원이 각 처리구의 면역력에 명확한 영향을 주었다고 판단하기는 어렵다. 혈청 생화학 특성에서는 AST와 ALP가 가수분해 도계부산물(EHPBM) 처리구와 도계부산물(PBM) 처리구에서 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 이는 이들 처리구의 증가한 사료섭취량과 급격한 체중 증가가 간에 영향을 미쳤기 때문인 것으로 추측된다. 결론적으로 가수분해 도계부산물은 육계의 생산성 향상에 효과적이며, 관행적인 단백질 원료들의 대체제로서 활용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제11권6호
• /
• pp.725-731
• /
• 1998

Nine crossbred female pigs fitted with the bladder catheters were used to investigate the effects of dietary protein form on the efficiency of absorbed nitrogen for nitrogen retention in growing pigs. Combinations of the main protein sources were corn-soybean meal (CSM; slow + slow absorption rate form), corn-hydrolyzed casein (CAS; slow + rapid absorption rate form) and corn-porcine plasma (CPL; slow + intermediate absorption rate form). All experimental diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous (CP 11%) and isocaloric (3.5 Mcal/kg) and synthetic amino acids were added to the diet as required to maintain an equivalent amino acid profile among diets. Fecal digestibility of nitrogen was not different among treatments (p > 0.10). Ingested nitrogen was absorbed with an apparent efficiency of 82% to 84%. Mean nitrogen retention in pigs fed the CSM diet was as high as for pigs fed the CPL diet (0.74 g N/kg $BW^{0.75}$ per d), which was higher than the N retention rate in pigs fed CAS diet (0.68 g/kg $BW^{0.75}$ per d; P < 0.05). Apparent biological values (ABV = 100 ${\times}$ N retention/absorbed nitrogen) were 63.3%, 58.0% and 61.6% for CSM, CAS, and CPL groups, respectively (p < 0.05). There was no difference in mean energy digestibility among treatments. The efficiency of absorbed lysine utilization was significantly different among treatments (p < 0.05). Pigs fed the CAS diet were inferior to counterparts on the other diets in utilizing absorbed lysine. The ratios of free (and small peptide-bound) to protein-bound amino acids in CSM diet differed considerably from the CAS diet. This may affect the efficiency of amino acids utilization for nitrogen retention if hydrolyzed and intact amino acid pools reach the blood at different times.