• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.570-581
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• 2016

A watershed model was constructed using the Hydrological Simulation Program Fortran to predict the water quality, especially chlorophyll-a concentraion, at major tributaries of the Nakdong River basin, Korea. The BOD export loads for each land use in HSPF model were estimated at $1.47{\sim}8.64kg/km^2/day$; these values were similar to the domestic monitoring export loads. The T-N and T-P export loads were estimated at $0.618{\sim}3.942kg/km^2/day$ and $0.047{\sim}0.246kg/km^2/day$, slightly less than the domestic monitoring data but within the range of foreign literature values. The model was calibrated at major tributaries for a three-year period (2008 to 2010). The deviation values ranged from -31.5~1.6% of chlorophyll-a, -24.0~2.2% of T-N, and -5.7~34.8% of T-P. The root mean square error (RMSE) ranged from 4.3~44.4 ug/L for chlorophyll-a, -0.6~1.5 mg/L for T-N, and 0.04~0.18 mg/L for T-P, which indicates good calibration results. The operational water quality forecasting results for chlorophyll-a presented in this study were in good agreement with measured data and had an accuracy similar with model calibration results.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.7-23
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• 2014

This study estimates unit for the nonpoint source(NPS), classified according to the existing Level-1(large scale) land cover map, by monitoring the measurement results from each Level-2(medium scale) land cover map, and verifies the applicability by comparison with previously calculated units using the Level-1 land cover map. The NPS pollutant loading for a basin is evaluated by applying the NPS pollutant unit to Dongcheon basin using the Level-2 land cover map. In addition, the BASINS/HSPF(Better Assessment Science Integrating point & Non-point Sources/Hydrological Simulation Program-Fortran) model is used to evaluate the reliability of the NPS pollutant loading computation by comparing the loading during precipitation in the Dongcheon basin. The NPS pollutant unit for the Level-2 land cover map is computed based on precipitation measured by the Sangju observatory in the Nakdong River basin. Finally, the feasibility of the NPS pollutant loading computation using a BASINS/HSPF model is evaluated by comparing and analyzing the NPS pollutant loading when estimated unit using the Level-2 land cover map and simulated using the BASINS/HSPF models.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.833-842
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• 2012

In this study Window interface to Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN (HSPF) developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was applied to the upstream of Namgang watershed to estimate its applicability for estimating Delivery Ratio (DR) of water pollutants for Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL). BASINS/HSPF which is selected in this study, is found to be appropriate for simulation of daily flow and water quality in target basins. DR was estimated utilizing discharge loads of unobserved sub-basin and delivery load of unobserved locations obtained not by actual evaluation but by simulation through validation and verification. Annual average DR of BOD, TN and TP were 0.97 ~ 1.50, 2.23 ~ 3.21, and 0.81 ~ 1.09 respectively. Net DR of dependent basins excluding influence of upstream basin was 1.50 ~ 1.70, 0.55 ~ 0.69, and 0.24 ~ 0.31, all of which are lower than those of independent basins area. Utilizing the model selected by this research, DR and Net DR of unobserved basins will be estimated, which will help determine priorities in management of basin areas.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.359-366
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• 2012

Accurate predictions about the water quality of a river have great importance in identifying in-stream flow and water supply requirements and solving relevant environmental problems. In this study, the effect of water release from upstream dam on the downstream water quality has been investigated by applying a hydological model combined with QUAL2E to Geum River basin. The ESP (Ensemble Stream Prediction) method, which has been validated and verified by lots of researchers, was used to predict reservoir and tributary inflow. The input parameters for a combined model to predict both hydrological characteristics and water quality were identified and optimized. In order to verify the model performance, the simulated result at Gongju station, located at the downstream from Daecheong Dam, has been compared with measured data in 2008. As a result, it was found that the proposed model simulates well the values of BOD, T-N, and T-P with an acceptable reliability.

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.121-131
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• 2015

As the temperature has changed by climate change, changes in its own characteristic values of the chemical substance or the movement and distribution of chemicals take place in accordance with the changes of hydrological and meteorological phenomena. Depending on the impact of climate change on the chemical behavior, it is necessary to understand and predict quantitative changes in the dynamics of the environment of pollutants due to climate change in order to predict in advance the occurrence of environmental disasters, and minimize the impact on the life and the environment after the incident. In this study, we have analysed and compared chemical fate models validated by previous studies in terms of model configuration, application size and input/output factors. The potential models applicable to municipal and industrial areas were selected on the basis of characteristic of each model, availability of input parameters and consideration for climate change, identified the problems, and then presented an approach to improve applicability.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.592-610
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• 2020

In South Korea, the concept of water environment was expanded to include aquatic ecosystems with the Integrated Water Management implementation. Watershed-scale modeling is typically performed for hydrologic component analysis, however, there is a need to expand to include ecosystem variability such that the modeling corresponds to the social and political issues around the water environment. For this to be viable, the modeling must account for several distinct features in South Korean watersheds. The modeling must provide reasonable estimations for peak flow rate and apply to paddy areas as they represent 11% of land use area and greatly influence groundwater levels during irrigation. These facts indicate that the modeling time intervals should be sub-daily and the hydrologic model must have sufficient power to process surface flow, subsurface flow, and baseflow. Thus, the features required for watershed-scale modeling are suggested in this study by way of review of frequently used hydrologic models including: Agricultural Policy/Environmental eXtender(APEX), Catchment hydrologic cycle analysis tool(CAT), Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN(HSPF), Spatio-Temporal River-basin Ecohydrology Analysis Model(STREAM), and Soil and Water Assessment Tool(SWAT).

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.673-682
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• 2014

A watershed model was constructed using Hydrological Simulation Program Fortran to predict the water temperature at major tributaries of Nakdong River basin, Korea. Water temperature is one of the most fundamental indices used to determine the nature of an aquatic environment. Most processes of an aquatic environment such as saturation level of dissolved oxygen, the decay rate of organic matter, the growth rate of phytoplankton and zooplankton are affected by temperature. The heat flux to major reservoirs and tributaries was analyzed to simulate water temperature accurately using HSPF model. The annual mean heat flux of solar radiation was estimated to $150{\sim}165W/m^2$, longwave radiation to $-48{\sim}-113W/m^2$, evaporative heat loss to $-39{\sim}-115W/m^2$, sensible heat flux to $-13{\sim}-22W/m^2$, precipitation heat flux to $2{\sim}4W/m^2$, bed heat flux to $-24{\sim}22W/m^2$ respectively. The model was calibrated at major reservoir and tributaries for a three-year period (2008 to 2010). The deviation values (Dv) of water temperature ranged from -6.0 to 3.7%, Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency(NSE) of 0.88 to 0.95, root mean square error(RMSE) of $1.7{\sim}2.8^{\circ}C$. The operational water temperature forecasting results presented in this study were in good agreement with measured data and had a similar accuracy with model calibration results.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.16-24
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• 2014

A combined watershed and receiving waterbody model was developed for operational water flow forecasting of the Nakdong river. The Hydrological Simulation Program Fortran (HSPF) was used for simulating the flow rates at major tributaries. To simulate the flow dynamics in the main stream, a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model, EFDC was used with the inputs derived from the HSPF simulation. The combined models were calibrated and verified using the data measured under different hydrometeological and hydraulic conditions. The model results were generally in good agreement with the field measurements in both calibration and verification. The 7-days forecasting performance of water flows in the Nakdong river was satisfying compared with model calibration results. The forecasting results suggested that the water flow forecasting errors were primarily attributed to the uncertainties of the models, numerical weather prediction, and water release at the hydraulic structures such as upstream dams and weirs. From the results, it is concluded that the combined watershed-waterbody model could successfully simulate the water flows in the Nakdong river. Also, it is suggested that integrating real-time data and information of dam/weir operation plans into model simulation would be essential to improve forecasting reliability.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.233-246
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• 2023

수문순환의 이해와 효율적 수자원 관리의 측면에서 토양수분의 중요성이 조명되고 있으나, 국내에는 양질의 지점 토양수분 자료의 부재로 그 활용도가 매우 낮은 실정이다. 때문에 인공위성 기반의 토양수분을 적용할 때에도, 기준자료가 되는 지상 관측자료가 없어 객관적인 평가 및 교정이 어려운 실정이다. 코즈믹 레이 중성자 탐지센서(cosmic-ray neutron probe, CRNP)를 활용한 토양수분 관측소는 위성 자료의 검보정을 위한 기준 자료 생산에서 핵심적인 역할을 수행할 수 있다. CRNP는 비침습식으로 설치가 가능하여 토양층 교란과 식생 환경의 피해를 최소화할 수 있고, 공간 대표성을 가진 중간 규모의 관측 범위를 가지고 있다는 장점이 있다. 이러한 특징은 지형이 복잡하고 식생이 우거진 지형이 많은 우리나라에서의 활용이 용이하다는 장점으로 이어진다. 따라서 본 연구는 한국형 코즈믹 레이 토양수분 관측 시스템(Korean cOsmic-ray Soil Moisture Observing System, KOSMOS) 구축의 일환으로, CRNP를 활용한 토양수분 관측소의 국내 적용성을 평가하고자 수행되었다. CRNP 관측소는 전력 및 설치 부지 확보의 용이성과 추후 타 수문기상 인자와의 효율적 활용을 고려하여, 한강홍수통제소의 홍천군 군업리 관측소에 병행 설치되었다. CRNP 토양수분 자료의 평가를 위해 12개소의 지점 토양수분 센서를 추가로 설치하였으며, 시간 안정성 분석을 통해 공간적 대표성을 평가하였다. CRNP에서 생성되는 중성자는 평균 1,087 counts per hour 정도로 설마천 관측소에 비해 낮게 나타나 홍천 관측소의 환경이 더 습윤한 환경임을 알 수 있었다. 관측된 중성자 자료의 중성자 보정과 초기교정을 통해 토양수분을 산정하였으며, 산정된 토양수분 자료는 짧은 교정 기간에도 지점 자료와의 검증에서 r=0.82로 높은 상관성을 보여주었고, root mean square error=0.02 m³/m³의 높은 정확도를 보여주었다. 추후 계절성을 반영할 수 있도록 연간 자료가 축적된 후 재교정을 수행하면 보다 높은 정확도를 보여줄 것으로 판단된다. 이러한 결과는 CRNP 토양수분 자료의 우수성을 검증한 선행연구들과 더불어, KOSMOS 구축 시 양질의 토양수분 자료를 생산할 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 생태와환경
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.287-298
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• 2018

강우부족현상이 지속되었던 2015년 팔당호에서의 이화학적 요인과 동물플랑크톤 군집 특성은 선행연구에서의 몬순기후에 의한 강우와 수리 수문학적 요인의 영향을 받아 변화하던 동물플랑크톤 군집과 다른 양상을 나타냈다. 조사기간 동안 팔당호의 수리학적 체류시간은 2014년부터 지속된 강우부족현상에 영향을 받아 2013년대비 크게 증가하였다. 이에 따라 유입 방류량이 감소하여 팔당댐앞(St.1)의 이화학적 수질은 호소형 특성의 남한강수역(St.2) 수질보다 하천형 특성의 북한강수역(St.3) 수질과 비슷한 특성이 나타났다. 동물플랑크톤의 군집변화는 봄(3~5월)에는 주로 소형 윤충류(Syncheata, Keratella)가 우점하였으며, 여름(7~9월)에는 집중호우가 적어 연중 가장 높은 현존량을 기록했으며 우점종은 윤충류인 Keratella cochlearis와 원생동물인 Difflugia corona로 나타났다. 가을(9~11월)에는 수온이 감소함에 따라 윤충류와 원생동물의 현존량이 감소하고 요각류 유생(Nauplius)이 우점하는 천이를 보였다. 통계분석결과 복합적 수계의 특성을 보여주는 팔당호에서 북한강수역은 하천형, 남한강수역과 경안천수역은 호소형 특성으로 지점별 상이하게 구분되며, 이에 따라 동물플랑크톤 군집 또한 영향을 받을 수 있음을 나타냈다.