• 청정기술
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.379-389
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• 2012

우리나라는 소득증가, 도시집중화, 인구증가로 인해 환경적인 문제에 대해 점점 관심이 증대되고 있으며, 이러한 다양한 환경문제 중 악취로 인한 피해는 심각한 환경문제 중 하나이다. 부산시 수영하수처리장 내 음식물처리장은 음식물과 하수를 병합처리하는 시설로 주거지역 인근에 위치해 있어 많은 민원이 제기되고 있는 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 악취물질분석과 기여도를 악취지수(odor quotient, OQ)와 총악취지수(sum of odor quotient, SOQ)를 평가하여 분석하였으며, 또한 후처리시설인 바이오필터의 효율을 평가하였다. 공기희석관능법에 의한 복합악취 측정결과, 7월과 8월에 분쇄기, 투입호퍼, 침출수 순으로 복합악취가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 기기분석법을 이용해 분석한 결과, 황화수소, 암모니아, 메틸메르캅탄, 아세트알데히드에 의한 영향이 가장 큰 것으로 나타났고, 메틸메르캅탄의 경우, 최소감지농도를 3,571배 이상 초과한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 악취기여도평가에서 메틸메르캅탄(49.95~59.08%), 황화수소(20.43~29.27%), 트리메틸아민(8.82~13.42%), 아세트알데히드(9.17~11.35%)순으로 기여도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 다른 시설과의 기여도를 비교분석한 결과, 황화합물(메틸메르캅탄, 황화수소)의 OQ가 가장 높았으며, 분쇄기에서 SOQ가 7,067로 가장 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 황화합물과 아세트알데히드, 트리메틸아민의 악취기여도가 분쇄공정에서 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구시설의 후처리시설에 대한 처리효율을 평가한 결과, 암모니아, 아민류는 90.00% 이상의 처리효율을 보였으나, 황화합물류의 처리효율은 평균 53.51%로 나타났다. 종합적으로 본 시설은 기타 처리시설에 비해 아세트알데히드와 트리메틸아민의 기여도가 상대적으로 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 음식물처리장의 후처리시설은 복합적인 악취성분 처리 시 분해효율이 감소할 수 있어 적절한 용량 및 운전조건에 대한 검토가 필요하다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제35권9호
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• pp.1127-1132
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• 2006

본 연구팀에서는 방사선으로부터 위장관과 면역조혈계를 방호하기 위하여 당귀, 천궁, 백작약으로 새로운 생약복합물 HIM-I을 개발하였고, HIM-I을 에탄올 침전하여 에탄올 분획(HIM-I-E)과 조다당 분획(HIM-I-P)을 얻은 후, HIM-I에 조다당 분획을 첨가하여 HemoHIM을 제조하여 실험하였으며, 과산화수소를 이용하여 산화적 스트레스를 유발한 후 HemoHIM의 apoptosis 억제 효과를 측정하였다. 과산화수소를 세포주에 처리한 결과 세포독성 증가, 세포막 파괴, subG1기 세포 증가, DNA 절단 현상 등이 관찰되었다. 이때 HIM-I, HIM-I-P, HemoHIM을 첨가하여 전처리 배양한 다음에 과산화수소로 apoptosis를 유도하였다. 그 결과 과산화수소에 의한 세포독성, 세포막 파괴, subG1기 세포, DNA 절단현상 등이 현저하게 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 전반적으로 HemoHIM의 방호 효과는 HIM-I-P와 비슷하였으며 HIM-I보다 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 HemoHIM은 면역기능 방호 회복 물질로서 뿐만 아니라 산화적 스트레스에 대한 항산화제로서 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.130-134
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• 2006

Objectives : Oxidative DNA damage is a known risk factor of lung cancer. The glutathione peroxidase (GPX) antioxidant enzyme that reduces hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxides plays a significant role in protecting cells from the oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species. The aim of this case-control study was to investigate effects of oxidative stress and genetic polymorphisms of the GPX1 genes and the interaction between them in the carcinogenesis of lung cancer. Methods : Two hundreds patients with lung cancer and 200 age- and sex-matched controls were enrolled in this study. Every subject was asked to complete a questionnaire concerning their smoking habits and their environmental exposure to PAHs. The genotypes of the GPX1 and 8-oxoguanine glycosylase 1 (hOGG1) genes were examined and the concentrations of urinary hydroxypyrene (1-OHP), 2-naphthol and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) were measured. Results : Cigarette smoking was a significant risk factor for lung cancer. The levels of urinary 8-OH-dG were higher in the patients (p<0.001), whereas the urinary 1-OHP and 2-naphthol levels were higher in the controls. The GPX1 codon 198 polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of lung cancer. Individuals carrying the Pro/Leu or Leu/Leu genotype of GPX1 were at a higher risk for lung cancer (adjusted OR=2.29). In addition, these individuals were shown to have high urinary 8-OH-dG concentrations compared to the individuals with the GPX1 Pro/Pro genotype. On the other hand, the polymorphism of the hOGG1 gene did not affect the lung cancer risk and the oxidative DNA damage. Conclusions : These results lead to a conclusion that individuals with the GPX1 Pro/Leu or Leu/Leu genotype would be more susceptible to the lung cancer induced by oxidative stress than those individuals with the Pro/Pro genotype.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제35권9호
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• pp.1139-1145
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 제주 연안에 서식하는 갈조류 중 감태의 줄기와 잎의 항산화활성을 비교하기 위하여 감태 줄기와 잎으로부터 효소적 가수분해와 메탄올을 이용하여 각각의 추출물을 제조한 후 이들로부터 활성산소종의 소거활성 및 세포의 산화적 손상 억제활성을 포함하는 항산화활성에 대한 차이를 비교 검토하였다. 여기에서 효소적 가수분해를 이용하여 제조된 감태의 효소적 추출물은 메탄올 추출물에 비하여 폴리페놀 함량은 낮았으나, 수율은 약 30% 이상 높게 나타났다. 감태는 줄기와 잎의 모든 부분에서 항산화활성이 우수하게 나타났으며, 두 부위 간의 유의적인 차이는 없었으나, 대체로 잎의 추출물이 줄기의 추출물보다 약간 우수한 항산화효과를 나타내었다. 이러한 결과는 감태의 잎 뿐만 아니라 줄기 또한 마찬가지로 우수한 생리활성 재료임을 확인할 수 있었다. 그리고 메탄올 추출물에 비해 효소적 추출물은 hydroxyl radical 소거활성을 제외한 전반적인 항산화효과 분석에 있어서 더 유용한 경향을 보였다. 이와 같은 결과는 여러 가지 효소들이 복합되어진 효소가 세포벽에 있는 섬유질이나 당단백질 혹은 알긴산 고분자물질 등을 분해시키는 작용을 하여 활성물질들이 원활히 추출될 수 있도록 유도해 주는 작용을 하였기 때문이라고 사료된다. 그리고 높은 수율을 바탕으로 한 수용성의 추출물이기 때문에 그들이 가지고 있는 생리활성물질을 식품산업에 쉽게 응용시킬 수 있으며, 유기용매와 같은 화학약품을 사용하였을 때에 발생할 수도 있는 안전성에 대한 문제도 해결할 수 있을 것이다. 이상의 결과로 감태는 잎 뿐만 아니라 줄기도 잠재적 의약품 소재 및 기능성식품 소재로서의 가능성이 충분하다고 판단된다.의 서로 반대되는 위치에서 온도차가 13.7도에서 -8.3도까지 차이가 나는 것으로 관찰되었으며, 미디어 높이 위치의 변화에 따라서도 21도에서 2도가지 차이를 나타냈다. 바이오필터 함수비는 실험기간 동안 지속적으로 변화가 발생하였는데, 스팀이 제공되는 동안에는 미디어 함수비가 훨씬 빠른 속도로 증가됨이 관찰되어 졌다.EX>$4.9{\sim}5.1^{\circ}Brix$ 수준이었으며, 소형과와 기형과는 S-3에서 많이 나왔다. 이상 연구결과에서 입도분포가 1.2-5mm인 것이 바람직한 것으로 나타났다.omopolysaccharides로 확인되었다. EPS 생성량이 가장 좋은 Leu. kimchii GJ2의 평균 분자량은 360,606 Da이었으며, 나머지 두 균주에 대해서는 생성 EPS 형태와 점도의 차이로 미루어 보아 생성 EPS의 분자구조와 분자량이 서로 다른 것으로 판단하였다.TEX>개로 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. Heat shock protein-70 (HSP70)과 neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)에 대한 면역조직화학검사에서 실험군 Cs2군의 신경세포가 대조군 12군에 비해 HSP70과 nNOS의 과발현을 보였으며, 이는 통계학적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). nNOS와 HSP70의 발현은 강한 연관성을 보였고(상관계수 0.91, p=0.000), nNOS를 발현하는 세포가 동시에 HSP70도 발현함을 확인할 수 있었다. 결론: 우리는 cyclosporin A가 토끼의 25분간의 척수허혈에 대해 척수보호 효과가 있었으며 이는 HSP70의 과발현과 연관이 있으리라 생각한다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.299-305
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• 2016

Although cryopreservation of sperm is routinely used for clinical requirement, it has some problems, such as high generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cold-shock. To reduce the detrimental damage in sperm, anti-oxidants were added to cryoprotectant for sperm. Curcumin is one of anti-oxidants, which are added in cryoprotectants. However, recent studies have demonstrated that curcumin decreases sperm viability and motility. This study was performed to identify the effect of curcumin on hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$)-exposed bovine sperm, which were cryopreserved-thawed. In $H_2O_2$-exposed bovine sperm, reactive oxygen species (ROS) were significantly reduced by treatment with curcumin in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). Among tested concentrations of curcumin (1 to $50{\mu}M$), 30 and $50{\mu}M$ curcumin showed anti-oxidant effect on $H_2O_2$-induced ROS generation. On the other hand, combination of 30 or $50{\mu}M$ curcumin with anti-oxidant $H_2O_2$ increased the percentage of apoptotic sperm compared to only $H_2O_2$ treatment. Sperm viability was also decreased in the combination of 30 or $50{\mu}M$ curcumin with $H_2O_2$ as judged by FDA/PI staining. $H_2O_2$-induced decrease in sperm progressive motility was recovered by treatment with $1{\mu}M$ curcumin. These results show that high concentration of curcumin has anti-oxidant effect, but it has also cytotoxic effect on bovine sperm. Sperm viability and motility might be more affected by cytotoxic signals of curcumin compared to antioxidant signals.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.1323-1334
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• 2010

The effect of nitric oxide (NO) on antioxidant system and protective mechanism against oxidative stress under UV-B radiation was investigated in leaves of maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings during 3 days growth period. UV-B irradiation caused a decrease of leaf biomass including leaf length, width and weight during growth. Application of NO donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), significantly alleviated UV-B stress induced growth suppression. NO donor permitted the survival of more green leaf tissue preventing chlorophyll content reduction and of higher quantum yield for photosystem II than in non-treated controls under UV-B stress, suggesting that NO has protective effect on chloroplast membrane in maize leaves. Flavonoids and anthocyanin, UV-B absorbing compounds, were significantly accumulated in the maize leaves upon UV-B exposure. Moreover, the increase of these compounds was intensified in the NO treated seedlings. UV-B treatment resulted in lipid peroxidation and induced accumulation of hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) in maize leaves, while NO donor prevented UV-B induced increase in the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and $H_2O_2$. These results demonstrate that NO serves as antioxidant agent able to scavenge $H_2O_2$ to protect plant cells from oxidative damage. The activities of two antioxidant enzymes that scavenge reactive oxygen species, catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in maize leaves in the presence of NO donor under UV-B stress were higher than those under UV-B stress alone. Application of 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4, 4, 5, 5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3- oxide (PTIO), a specific NO scavenger, to the maize leaves arrested NO donor mediated protective effect on leaf growth, photosynthetic pigment and free radical scavenging activity. However, PTIO had little effect on maize leaves under UV-B stress compared with that of UV-B stress alone. $N^{\omega}$-nitro-L-arginine (LNNA), an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), significantly increased $H_2O_2$ and MDA accumulation and decreased antioxidant enzyme activities in maize leaves under UV-B stress. This demonstrates that NOS inhibitor LNNA has opposite effects on oxidative resistance. From these results it is suggested that NO might act as a signal in activating active oxygen scavenging system that protects plants from oxidative stress induced by UV-B radiation and thus confer UV-B tolerance.

• BMB Reports
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• 제49권11호
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• pp.617-622
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• 2016

Oxidative stress is closely associated with various diseases and is considered to be a major factor in ischemia. NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) protein is a known antioxidant protein that plays a protective role in various cells against oxidative stress. We therefore investigated the effects of cell permeable Tat-NQO1 protein on hippocampal HT-22 cells, and in an animal ischemia model. The Tat-NQO1 protein transduced into HT-22 cells, and significantly inhibited against hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$)-induced cell death and cellular toxicities. Tat-NQO1 protein inhibited the Akt and mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) activation as well as caspase-3 expression levels, in $H_2O_2$ exposed HT-22 cells. Moreover, Tat-NQO1 protein transduced into the CA1 region of the hippocampus of the animal brain and drastically protected against ischemic injury. Our results indicate that Tat-NQO1 protein exerts protection against neuronal cell death induced by oxidative stress, suggesting that Tat-NQO1 protein may potentially provide a therapeutic agent for neuronal diseases.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.222-227
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 금 나노입자 용액을 생장하는 6년근 인삼에 직접 시비해서 금 나노입자가 전이된 황금인삼을 열수 추출하여 총페놀 함량, 총플라보노이드 함량, 산화방지능 및 신경세포 보호능을 평가하였다. $1^{\circ}Bx$의 황금홍삼 추출물은 총페놀과 총플라보노이드 함량이 각각 212.2 mg GAE와 3.5 mg CE였다. ABTS, DPPH 및 ORAC 법으로 측정시, 황금홍삼 추출물의 산화방지능은 각각 272.3, 141.2, $868.4mg\;VCE/^{\circ}Bx$였다. 황금홍삼 추출물은 과산화수소로부터 유래한 세포 내 산화스트레스를 감소시켜 PC-12 신경세포의 생존율을 농도 의존적으로 증가시켰다. 또한, 황금홍삼 추출물은 신경전달물질인 아세틸콜린을 가수분해하는 AChE 및 BChE 활성을 억제하였다. 이러한 결과는 금 나노입자를 처리한 홍삼을 이용한 산화방지 및 신경손상억제 소재로 활용할 가능성을 제시하였다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.289-298
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• 2015

Edaravone (Eda) is a potent scavenger of inhibiting free radicals including hydroxyl radicals ($H_2O_2$). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as $H_2O_2$ can alter most kinds of cellular molecules such as lipids, proteins and nucleic acids, cellular apoptosis. In addition, oxidative stress from over-production of ROS is involved in the defective embryo development of porcine. Previous study reported that Eda has protective effects against oxidative stress-like cellular damage. However, the effect of Eda on the preimplantation porcine embryos development under oxidative stress is unclear. Therefore, in this study, the effects of Eda on blastocyst development, expression levels of ROS, and apoptotic index were first investigated in preimplantation porcine embryos. After in vitro fertilization, porcine embryos were cultured for 6 days in PZM medium with Eda ($10{\mu}M$), $H_2O_2$ ($200{\mu}M$), and Eda+$H_2O_2$ treated group, respectively. Rate of blastocyst development was significantly increased (P<0.05) in the Eda treated group compared with only $H_2O_2$ treated group. And, we measured intracellular levels of ROS by DCF-DA staining methods and investigated numbers of apoptotic nuclei by TUNEL assay analysis is in porcine blastocyst, respectively. Both intracellular ROS levels and the numbers of apoptotic nucleic were significantly decreased (P<0.05) in porcine blastocysts cultured with Eda ($10{\mu}M$). More over, the total cell number of blastocysts were significantly increased (P<0.05) in the Eda-treated group compared with untreated group and the only $H_2O_2$ treated group. Based on the results, Eda was related to regulate as antioxidant-like function according to the reducing ROS levels during preimplantation periods. Also, Eda is beneficial for developmental competence and preimplantation quality of porcine embryos. Therefore, we concluded that Eda has protective effect to ROS derived apoptotic stress in preimplantation porcine embryos.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.611-616
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• 2013

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. Although much progress has been made in understanding the pathogenesis of ALD, there remains no effective therapy for it. Accumulated evidence indicates that oxidative stress is the main pathological factors in the development of ALD. Ethanol administration causes accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide, hydroxyl radical, and hydrogen peroxide. ROS, in turn, cause lipid peroxidation of cellular membranes, and protein and DNA oxidation, which results in hepatocyte injury. In addition to pro-oxidants formation, antioxidants depletion caused by ethanol administration also results in oxidative stress. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of Shiryung-tang extract on the chronic alcoholic liver injury induced by EtOH. Male Sprague Dawley rats were used in this study. All rats were maintained under standard laboratory conditions ($23{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, 12h light/12h dark cycles). All animals (n=30) were randomly divided into following groups: (1) Normal group, treated with distilled water (n=10); (2) Control group, treated with ethanol (n=10); (3) Sample group, treated with ethanol + pharmacopuncture (n=10). For oral administration of ethanol in Control and Sample group, the ethanol was dissolved in distilled water in concentrations of 25%(v/v). Throughout the experiment of 8 week, the rats were allowed free access to water and standard chow. Sample group were administrated by Shiryung-tang extract daily for 8 weeks. Control group were given normal saline for same weeks. As a results, the oral administration of ethanol for 8 weeks leads to hepatotoxicity. The levels of hepatic marker such as HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were altered. The ethanol also increased lipid peroxidation and depletion of antioxidant enzyme activities as well as hepatic tissue injury. However, the treatment of Shiryung-tang extract prevented all the alterations induced by ethanol and returned their levels to near normal. These data suggest that Shiryung-tang extract could have a beneficial effect in inhibiting the oxidative damage induced by chronic ethanol administration. Therefore, Shiryung-tang extract can be a candidate to protect against EtOH-induced liver injury.