• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.569-576
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• 2006

PC계 2원 공중합체를 분자량이 2080인 MPEG와 (polyethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate, Mn=2080) 몰 비가 2, 3, 4인 mono-carboxylic aicd(AA acrylic acid)를 사용하여 합성하고, MPEG와 mono-carboxylic aicd에 dicarboxylic acid(ITA, MAL)를 추가하여 3원공중합체를 합성하였다. PC계 2, 3원 공중합체가 시멘트페이스트 수화 반응에 미치는 영향성을 평가하고, 분석하기위해 각각의 시편을 만들어 재령(1일, 3일, 28일)별로 적외선 분광법(FT-IR), X-선 회절분석(XRD), 시차주사열계량법(DSC), 주사전자현미경(SEM)을 사용하여 분석을 실시하였다. 2, 3원 공중합체 모두 재령 1일에서는 다소 수화 반응 속도가 지연되었으나, 시간 경과에 따라 수화 지연은 완화되었으며 3원공중합체보다 2원공중합체가 수화가 더 활발히 진행되었는데 이는 3원공중합체에 비해 상대적으로 2원 공중합체가 가진 낮은 카복실기 함량 때문이다. 2AA계를 적용한 PC계 2원 공중합체의 경우 재령 3일에서 수화반응이 가장 활발하게 일어났고, AA의 몰비가 증가할수록 2원 공중합체의 수화 지연성은 커지는 경향을 나타내었다.

• 공업화학
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.507-515
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• 1992

본 연구에서는 소성 dolomite와 수증기계의 열화학 반응을 축열식열교환기에 응용하기 위해 충전층 형태의 실험장치에서 축열 및 방열특성에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 실험 data는 수화반응온도 $150-400^{\circ}C$, 탈수반응온도 $700-800^{\circ}C$ 및 수증기 유량 294, 430, 567 g/hr의 실험조건에서 얻은 결과이다. 본 연구의 실험범위내에서는 소성 dolomite중 MgO가 수화반응 과정중 수화되지 않음을 알았다. 따라서 소성된 dolomite중 MgO는 불활성 물질로 취급할 수 있다. 또한 율속단계는 충전층의 입구와 벽면으로부터, 출구와 중심쪽으로 반응이 진행되므로 반응율속보다는 열전달율속으로 진행된다고 생각된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.155-161
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• 1995

The effects of substrate concentration, enzyme concentration, reaction temperature, and water content were investigated in intramolecular esterification. This study used cyclohexane as organic solvent, power lipase as enzyme, and benzyl alcohol and octanoic acid as substrate. The initial reaction rate was found to be proportional to enzyme concentration; followed Michaelis-Menten equation for octanoic acid; and was inhibited by benzyl alcohol . The observed initial reaction rate first increased, then decreased with increasing reaction temperature, giving rise to the maximum rate at 20$\circ$. The drop in the reaction rate at higher temperature was to partition equilibrium change of substrate between organic solvent and hydration layer of enzyme molecule in addition to the deactivation by enzyme denaturation. Water layer surrounding enzyme molecule seemed to activate in organic solvent and the realistic reaction was done in the water layer. In the enzymatic reaction in organic solvent, the initial reaction rate was influenced by partition quilibrium of substrate, so the optimum condition of substrate concentration, enzyme concentration, reaction temperature, and water content would give a good design tool.

• 한국환경보건학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경보건학회 2005년도 국제학술대회
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• pp.365-370
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• 2005

The objective of this study is to develop the sorbent of oyster shell, which can remove gaseous acid pollutants emitted from the incinerator and power plants. The physicochemical properties of prepared absorbents have been measured using ICP and BET Also, this study is to investigate the Hydration/calcination reaction in the fixed bed reactor. Thus, the results could be summarized as follows. Oyster shell can be used in powder type without former processing. It should be also noted that sulfation reactivity of oyster sample increases to about 5 times by calcination/hydration reaction due to the increase of specific surface area and pore volume. From these experiments, we have found that both $SO_2$ and $NO_x$ in simulated flue gas can be effectively removed by use of oyster absorbent.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.523-539
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• 2012

Silica fume has long been used as a mineral admixture to improve the durability and produce high strength and high performance concrete. And in marine and coastal environments, penetration of chloride ions is one of the main mechanisms causing concrete reinforcement corrosion. In this paper, we proposed a numerical procedure to predict the chloride diffusion in a hydrating silica fume blended concrete. This numerical procedure includes two parts: a hydration model and a chloride diffusion model. The hydration model starts with mix proportions of silica fume blended concrete and considers Portland cement hydration and silica fume reaction respectively. By using the hydration model, the evolution of properties of silica fume blended concrete is predicted as a function of curing age and these properties are adopted as input parameters for the chloride penetration model. Furthermore, based on the modeling of physicochemical processes of diffusion of chloride ion into concrete, the chloride distribution in silica fume blended concrete is evaluated. The prediction results agree well with experiment results of chloride ion concentrations in the hydrating concrete incorporating silica fume.

• Architectural research
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2018

To improve the chloride ingress resistance of concrete, slag is widely used as a mineral admixture in concrete industry. And currently, most of experimental investigations about non steady state diffusion tests of chloride penetration are started after four weeks standard curing of concrete. For slag blended concrete, during submerged chloride penetration tests periods, binder reaction proceeds continuously, and chloride diffusivity decreases. However, so far the dependence of chloride ingress on curing ages are not detailed considered. To address this disadvantage, this paper shows a numerical procedure to analyze simultaneously binder hydration reactions and chloride ion penetration process. First, using a slag blended cement hydration model, degree of reactions of binders, combined water, and capillary porosity of hardening blended concrete are determined. Second, the dependences of chloride diffusivity on capillary porosity of slag blended concrete are clarified. Third, by considering time dependent chloride diffusivity and surface chloride content, chloride penetration profiles in hardening concrete are calculated. The proposed prediction model is verified through chloride immersion penetration test results of concrete with different water to binder ratios and slag contents.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.110-115
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• 2009

At the onset of corrosion of steel in concrete, hydrogen ions usually evolve in the process of electrochemical reaction, thereby decreasing the pH of the pore solution, which can be buffered by cement hydration products, as being representatively illustrated by calcium hydroxide. Hence, a fall in the pH is dependent on properties of cement hydration (i.e. hydration products and degree of hydration). The present study tested acid neutralization capacity (ANC) of cementitious binders of OPC(Ordinary Portland Cement), 30% PFA(Pulverized Fuel Ash), 60% GGBS(Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag), 10% SF(Silica Fume) to quantify the resistance of cement matrix to a pH fall. Cement pastes were cast at 0.4 of a free W/C ratio with 1.5% chlorides by weight of binder in cast. Powder samples obtained crushed and ground specimen after 200 days of curing were diluted in still water combined with different levels of 1M nitric acid solution, ranging from 0.5 to 20 mol/kg. Then, the pH of diluted solution was monitored until any further change in the pH did not take place. It was seen that the pH of the diluted solution gradually decreased as the molar amount of nitric acid increased. At some particular values of the pH, however, a decrease in the pH was marginal, which can be expressed in the peak resistances to a pH fall in the ANC curve. The peaks occurred at the variations in the pH, depending on binder type, but commonly at about 12.5 in the pH, indicate a resistance of precipitated calcium hydroxide. The measurement of water soluble chloride at the end of test showed that the amount of free chloride was significantly increased at the pH corresponding to the peaks in the ANC curve, which may reflect the adsorption of hydration products to chlorides.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.7-13
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• 2002

자화수가 특이한 물리화학적 성질을 갖고 있음은 여러 학자들에 의하여 꾸준히 연구되어 왔는데, 아직도 자화수의 특성이 명확하게 설명되지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 자화수가 염류들의 침전반응 및 석고의 가수 경화반응에 미치는 영향을 다음과 같이 관찰하였다. $25^{\circ}C$ 항온조 내부에서 실시한 salt filter assay 방법으로 침전반응을 조사하였으며, $20^{\circ}C$ 실온에서 석고의 가수 경화반응 시간을 Gillmore needle의 방법으로 측정함으로써 석고의 가수 경화 속도를 조사하였다. 0.1M 염 이온들을 반응시킨 염류의 침전 반응 결과, $BaSO_4,\;BaCO_3,\;CaCO_3$의 침전 생성물의 양은 대조군의 증류수에 비하여 자화수에서 각각 약 3.6%, 3.8%, 4.4% 씩 증가되었으며, 석고의 최종 경화시간은 대조군의 증류수에 비하여 자화수에서 현저하게 감소되었으므로 자화수가 석고의 가수 경화속도를 촉진시키는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 대조군의 증류수에 비하여 자화수는 물분자가 치밀하게 구조화되어서 수많은 cluster들을 형성함으로서 물분자 사이의 결합 및 반응력이 증가되며, $Ba^{2+}$ 또는 $Ca^{2+}$ 같은 염류들에 대하여 특징적으로 반응해 침전반응 속도와 가수 경화 반응 속도가 증가된 것으로 추측된다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.723-730
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• 2014

최근 고로슬래그 미분말의 사용량이 증가함에 따라 고로슬래그 미분말 혼입 시멘트의 수화반응 모델뿐만 아니라 압축강도, 수화생성물, 수화열 등 고로슬래그 미분말 혼입 시멘트 페이스트의 물성에 관한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 하지만 고로슬래그 미분말 혼입 시멘트 페이스트의 물성에 큰 영향을 끼치는 고로슬래그 미분말의 반응도에 대한 연구는 세계적으로도 부족하며 특히 국내에서는 전무한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 선택적 추출법을 이용하여 시멘트 페이스트 내 고로슬래그 미분말의 반응도를 정량분석하고 물 바인더비, 치환율, 양생온도에 따라 압축강도, 화학결합수, $Ca(OH)_2$을 측정하여 비교 분석 하였다. 실험결과 시멘트 페이스트 내 고로슬래그 미분말의 반응도, 화학결합수, $Ca(OH)_2$은 치환율이 낮고 물 바인더비와 양생 온도가 높을수록 높게 나타났으며 특히 고로슬래그 미분말의 반응도는 최종적으로 약 0.3~0.4 값에 수렴하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제35권10호
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• pp.1030-1039
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• 1998

In fly ash-lime system the effects of reaction condition amounts of gypsum and cement and CaO/SiO2 ratio on the hydrates by hydrothermal reaction were investigated. The tobermorite phases were not observed in hy-drothermal reaction of fly ash lime because of the hydrate rate was very slow. The compressive strength and the hydration rate increased with increasing the amount of gypusm and cement and the optimum amounts of gypsumo and cement were 5wt and 20wt% respectively. The specimen which CaO/SiO2 ratio is 0.85 was shown the maximum compressive strength and the tobermorite phase within reaction time 2 hours.