• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.134-146
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• 1993

A survey of the Chundong valley forest in Mt. Sobaek was conducted using 20 sample plots of 500$m^2$ size. The classification by TWINSPAN and DCA, CCA ordination techniques were applied to the study area in order to classify them into several groups based on woody plants and environmental variables. By TWINSPAN techniques, the plant community were divided into four groups. The dividing groups are Pinus densiflora community, Qurcus variabilis -Q. mongolica -P. densiflora community, Fraxinus rhynchophylla community. The successional trends of tree species by DCA ordination techniques and DBH class distribution analysis seems to be from P. densiflora through Q. mongolica. Q. variabilis to F rhynchophylla. The correlation between the score of first two axes and soil pH, soil humus, soil calcium concentration, soil magnesium concentration was significantly positive in CCA ordination. The positive correlation between the score of first two axes of F. rhynchophylla community and soil humus, soil magnesium concentration and between ones of P. densiflora community and soil pH were calculated. But there is no correlation between species and environmental variables.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.68-74
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• 2002

This study was performed to examine the availability of electrolysis for removal of remaining biologically refractoty humus and residual color of leachate which is biologically pretreated in domestic waste matter sanitary landfill by recycling to landfill. The obtained results were as follows; 1) The electrolysis of leachate through covered bed represented that the removal efficiency of CODcr and color range from 70~80%, in color removal the only electrolysis for a treatment of leachate meet the critia of effluent. 2) The highest removal efficiency was represented in pH 7~8. 3) At anode used Al, Fe, Stainless the removal efficiency of CODcr and color was high in order of Fe, Al, stainless, in considering the settled ability of reaction product in economic or after electro coagulation the removal efficiency was highest when anode was the Fe electrode. 4) In this study conditions for removed both CODcr and Color ar the same time represented thar anode was used Fe, electrode-distance was 2cm and reaction time was 40min in 8volts.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.115-125
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• 2015

This study was carried out to analyze comparison of carbon storage and physicochemical properties of vegetation soil for extensive green rooftop established at Seoul National University in september 2013. For this study, 42 plots were made by 2 kinds of vegetation soil including A-type and B-type. A-type vegetation soil plots were made of 90% perlite and 10% humus and B-type vegetation soil plots were made of 60% perlite, 20% vermiculite, 10% coco peat and 10% humus. This study used 6 kinds of plants which are Aster koraiensis, Sedum takesimense, Zoysia japonica Steud, Euonymus japonica, Rhododendron indicum SWEET and Ligustrum obtusifolium. Field research was carried out in 11 months after planting. Physiochemical properties of B-type vegetation soil plots were better than A-type vegetation soil plots in every way and soil carbon content was also higher at B-type vegetation soil plots as well. B-type vegetation soil plots were maintained 10 to 20% higher soil water content than A-type vegetation soil plots of the study period. The species of herb which showed the best carbon storage was Zoysia japonica Steud at B-type vegetation soil plots. The species of shrub which showed the best carbon storage was Ligustrum obtusifolium at B-type vegetation soil plots. Plants generally showed better growth at B-type vegetation soil plots and B-type vegetation soil plots were higher than A-type vegetation soil plots in soil carbon stock.

• Solar Energy
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.197-203
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• 1998

A 5 ton/day pilot scale two-phase anaerobic digester was constructed and tasted to treat Korean food wastes in Anyang city. The process was developed based on 3 years of lab-scale experimental results on am optimim treatment method for the recovery of biogas and humus. Problems related to food waste are ever Increasing quantity among municipal solid wastes(MSW) and high moisture and salt contents. Thus our food waste produces large amounts of leachate and bed odor in landfill sites which are being exhausted. The easily degradable presorted food waste was efficiently treated in the two-phase anaerobic digestion process. The waste contained in plastic bags was shredded and then screened for the removal of inert material such as fabrics and plastics, and subsequently put into the two-stage reactors. Heavy and light inerts such as bones, shells, spoons and plastic pieces were again removed by gravity differences. The residual organic component was effectively hydrolyzed and acidified in the first reactor with 5 days space time at pH of about 6.5. The second, methanization reactor part of which is filled with anaerobic fillters, converted the acids into methane with pH between 7.4 to 7.8. The space time for the second reactor was 15 days. The effluent from the second reactor was recycled to the first reactor to provide alkalinities. The process showed stable steady state operation with the maximum organic rate of 7.9 $kgVS/m^3day$ and the volatile solid reduction efficiency of about 70%. The total of 3.6 tons presorted MSW containing 2.9 tons of food organic was treated to produce about $230m^3$ of biogas with 70% of methane and 80kg humus. This process is extended to full scale treating 15 tons of food waste a day in Euiwang city and the produced biogas is utilized for the heating/cooling of adjacent buildings.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.86-94
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• 1991

Volcanic ash soils were classified as Andepts, a suborder of the Inceptisols in Soil Taxonomy. Increased knowledge on the volcanic ash soils necessitated and facilitated considerable improvement in this system. As a result, the new Order of Andisols was incorporated in the 1990 edition of the Keys to Soil Taxonomy. The central concept of an Andisol is that of a soil developing in volcanic ejecta, and/or in volcaniclastic materials, whose colloidal fractions are dominated by short-range-order minerals or Al-humus complexes. Andic propertis of volcanic ash soil in Cheju Island were investigated. For this study, soils of toposequence distributed along the southern slope of Mt. Halla, and the major soil groups such as dark brown soils, very dark brown soils, black soils, and brown forest soils were collected and analyzed for Al, Fe and Si extracted with solutions of pyrophosphate, dithionite-citrate. and oxalate respectively. Weolpyeong and Yongheung soils developed on the lower elevations contain only small amounts of allophane and Al-and Fe-humus complexes. For other soils, allophane content decrease with elevation and increaes with soil depth,whereas Al-humus complexes increase with elevation and decrease with soil depth. Substantial amount of allophane and ferrihydrite are found in all horizons of Ora and Ara soils developed on 150-300m elevations and of Noro and Jeogag soils developed on cinder cones. In the A horizons of Pyeongdae, Tosan and Heugag soils developed on the higher elevations, Al-humus complexes are dominant form of Al reflecting low pH and high organic matter content. However, lower horizons are dominated by allophane.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 1999

To find pertinent soil type and maintenance method for artificial planting ground, the effects of soil compositions{sandy loam(S), vermiculite(V), sandy loam+vermiculite+sand(SVS), sandy loam+ carbonized rice husk+sand(SCS), sandy loam+humus sawdust+sand(SHS)}, and fertilizers (organic, chemical) on plant(kentuckyblue grass) growth were measured and compared from the field experiment. The results are summarized as follows 1. the highest germination rate is found from "vermiculite(V)" and the lowest from "sandy loam(S)" among tested 5 soil compositions. 2. "sandy loam+vermiculite+sand(SVS)" composition shows the highest plant height growth effect (5cm growth during tested 3 months) comparing to other 4 compositions. 3. "sandy loam+vermiculite+sand(SYS)" composition shows the highest ground covering rate after first two months, but it concede its order to "sandy loam+humus sawdust+sand(SHS)" composition after next one month growing. 4. the effects of fertilizers are follows 1) Among the blocks where no fertilizer was tried, the predominant height growth was obvious in "sandy loam+carbonized rice husk+sand(SCS)" and "sandy loam+humus sawdust+sand(SHS)" composition. 2) Among the blocks where chemical fertilizer was tried, relatively positive results were found from "vermiculite(V)" and "sandy loam+vermiculite+sand(SYS)" blocks on germination and growth rate. But on the ground coverage ratio, the effect of "sandy loam+carbonized rice husk+sand(SCS)" composite precede that of those 2 composites. 3) Among the blocks where organic fertilizer was tried, "sandy loam+humus sawdust+sand(SHS)" and "vermiculite(V)" blocks show relatively high ground coverage rate, growth rate than others. 4) When compositional differences were not considered, the block where organic fertilizer was tried shows most positive effects on all 3 measurements-germination ratio, height growth and ground covering.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.105-115
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• 1996

In this paper, we reviewed the degradation factors of diazinon which was known to be easily degraded by soil microorganisms and lost of its activity. Under submerged soil condition, the contribution of microorganisms to diazinon degradation was about 40% and these microorganisms preferred soil humus as substrates to diazinon itself. The effect of monooxygenase activity in submerged soil was more important than esterase activity on diazinon degradation and these enzymes were inhibited by several chemicals such as piperonyl butoxide(PBO), EPN and tricyclazole. From these results, new formulation type of diazinon (PBO and triphenyl phosphate were added to commercial diazinon formulation by 0.1% respectively.) and diazinon mixture formulation (diazinon was mixed with EPN, tricyclazole and carbofuran in equal amount) were prepared. The new formulation type of diazinon showed better insecticidal activity by 12% and more delayed diazinon degradation in ten days than commercial diazinon.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 2014.05a
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• pp.47-47
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• 2014

In order to explore mycelial growth and fruiting body formation of Lyophyllum decates on different media, ten cultivation media by using cottonseed hull, sawdust, corn cob etc. as main components were designed for seven strains. The results showed that the mycelial colour of all strains are mainly snow-white, and the formula of media using corn cob as main materials was better than that using cottonseed hull and sawdust for mycelial growth, but no fruiting body was formed. The cottonseed hull medium with a small amount of sawdust, plant leaves, humus or fermented material and wheat was beneficial for fruiting formation. The incubation period for fruiting formation of strain 3001 was 108 days and the highest yield was-214.80 g/bag. Fructification of the strains tasted occurs successively in order of 3001, 1035, 1004 and 1013. It was concluded that different medium composition had significant effect on the mycelial growth and fruiting body formation.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 1997

A bacterial strain J-59 was isolated from a humus soil, which produced simultaneously a thermostable glucose isomerase as well as xylanase. The morphological, cultural and physiological characteristics of the isoisomerase strain J-59 were detemined by the use of the media and methods described in International Streptomyces Project. The chemotaxonomic characteristics of the isolated strain J-59 were determined by the analysis of G+C molar % of DNA, diaminipimelic acid, composition of fatty acid and menaquinone. As the results of various examinations, the strain J-59 was identified to be Streptomyces chibaensis. This strain produced glucose isomerase intracellularly and xylanase extracellularly when grown in a medium containing xylan, but it was not able to utilize the xylose or xylan as a carbon source. The glucose isomerase of S. chibaensis J59 was highly thermostable, which retained more than 75% activity in the presence of Co$^{2+}$ at 80$\circ $C for 72 h.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.67-73
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• 1989

The action and growth of soil microorganisms were studied in accordance with the leachates from leaf litter over the time lapse, and soil properties and species compositions in studied area were investigated. The investigations of soil microorganisms were made through dividing into two groupsbacterial and fungal groups. The abundance of soil microorganisms showed high correlation with organic matter(0.98) and total nitrogen(0.97) of soil. The amount of soil microorganisms was found the highest in litter layer and the next were humus and A layer in order. The bacterial growth rate in leachates from leaf letter was increased continuously by two weeks. The fungal growth rate was increased only for one week and after then it was decreased abruptly.