• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.72-77
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• 2004

Laboratory studies were carried out to find out the characteristics of humic acid treatment by activated carbon and ionized gas, In order to increase oxidation power of ionized gas for treating organic matter, we used granular activated carbon. By using $UV_{254}$, easy analysis method, we calculated humic acid concentration and $SCOD_{cr}$ concentration. For an initial concentration of humic acid, 10, 50 and 100ppm, the reaction rate constant by $UV_{254}$ was $8.98{\times}10^{-3}$/min, $5.62{\times}10^{-3}$/min and $4.8{\times}10^{-3}$/min respectively due to the same flow rate of ionized gas. When we added activated carbon to the ionized gas for humic acid treatment, the reaction rate constant increased in 4.13, 3.65 and 3.15 times. So, by using activated carbon in treating humic acid by ionized gas, oxidation power of organic matter by ionized gas was increased. The hydrophobic fraction constitutes 98% of organic matter for humic acid at the beginning. After the treatment using ionized gas for humic acid, the hydrophobic fraction decreased by 63~65% and the hydrophilic one increased by 35~37%. So, it was proved that the treatment increased the hydrophilic fraction in organic matter.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제28권B호
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• pp.47-52
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• 2008

In this study, GAC adsorption, ozonation and $O_3/GAC$ hybrid processes were investigated for treatment of humic acid. The degradation characteristics and efficiencies of humic acid in each process were evaluated through pH variation, $UV_{254}$ decrease, DOC removal, change of molecular size distribution and by-products formation. DOC removal rate in $O_3/GAC$ hybrid process (80%) was higher than arithmetic sum of ozonation (38%) and GAC adsorption process (19%) by synergism. $UV_{254}$ decrease rate of humic acid was also the highest than any other processes when treated in $O_3/GAC$ hybrid process. Molecular size distribution was not significantly changed in the GAC adsorption process. Main distribution of molecular size of humic acid was converted from 3 k~30 kDa into 0.5 k~3 kDa in ozonation. But the most of large molecular sizes of humic acid converted into small molecules(smaller than 0.5 kDa) in $O_3/GAC$ hybrid process. Quantities of formaldehyde and glyoxal formed in $O_3/GAC$ hybrid process were less than the ones in ozonation.

• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.137-144
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• 1997

Flocculation-spectrophotometry and streaming current detector(SCD) method were investigated and compared in order to determine the optimum dosages of synthetic cationic polymers of different charge density and molecular mass for the removal of humic acid. The optimum dosage for each of the polymers was determined with the dosage at which the lowest absorbance of humic acid was shown for the former and was determined with the dosage required during charge neutralization of humic acid for the latter. It was in good agreement between both methods and there is a strong inverse correlation between the optimum dosage and charge density of the polymers, with highly charged polymer giving the lowest optimum dosage, pointing out the importance the charge neutralization. By flocculation-spectrophotometry, it was found that the absorbance of humic acid with the amount of each of the polymers dosed, changes sharply for polymers of high charge density, but changes rather broadly for polymers of low and middle charge density. Both methods showed that a stoichiometric correlation exists between the optimum dosage of each of the cationic polymers and the negatively charged humic acid.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.35-40
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• 1993

담수토양중 diazinon의 거동에 미치는 토양유기물의 영향을 알아보기 위하여 담수토양에 토양유기물분획인 humin, humic acid, fulvic acid 와 diazinon을 처리하여 각 부식물질의 농도별 (0.1%, 0.5% 1.0%) diazinon 1.8ppm과 5.0ppm의 흡착률을 조사한 주요결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 1.8ppm diazinon의 흡착률은 humin > FA > HA의 순으로 많았고, 최대흡착률은 1.0% humin 첨가구에서 12.4%, 1.0% HA 첨가구에서 10.44%, 1.0% FA 첨가구에서 11.86% 이었다. 2. 5ppm diazinon의 흡착률은 1.0% humin 첨가구에서 10.21%, 1.0% HA 첨가구에서 10.4%, 1.0% FA 첨가구에서 10.64%를 보였다. 즉, diazinon의 첨가량 증가는 흡착률에 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 3. 부식물질별 diazinon의 흡착경향은 humic acid와 fulvic acid에서는 4시간 이내에 최대흡착률을 보였으나, humin에서는 4시간 이후에도 계속 흡착이 이루어 졌다. 4. 부식물질의 농도가 증가함에 따라 diazinon의 흡착률도 증가하였으며, humin 처리구에서 그 경향이 가장 뚜렷하였다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.44-52
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• 1996

시판(市販)되고 있는 유기질비료(有機質肥料) 17 가지를 수거(收去)하여 부식특성(腐植特性)을 조사(調査)하였다 유기질비료(有機質肥料)에 함유(含有) 되어있는 내용물(內容物)의 종류(種類)는 다양(多樣)하였다. 예(例)를 들면 어박(魚粕), 유박(油粕), 주정박(酒精粕), 세르코-D, 부식토(腐植土), 톱밥. 토양개량제(土壤改良劑), 나무 껍질, 돈분(豚糞), 계분(鷄糞), 우분(牛糞), zeolite, 골분(骨粉), 토룡분(土龍糞), 낙엽(落葉), 아미노산 발효(發酵) 부산물(副産物), 석회(石灰), 가축(家畜) 부산물(副産物), 농산(農産) 부산물(副産物) 등등이었다. 물리화학(物理化學) 및 분광학적(分光學的) 특성(特性)은 다음과 같았다. 1. 유기질비료(有機質肥料)의 비료가(肥料價)는 유기질비료종류(有機質肥料種類)에 따라 큰 차이(差異)가 있었다. 2. 내용물중(內容物中)에는 부식화(腐植化)가 완전(完全)히 이루어지지 않은 유기물(有機物)이 있는 경우(境遇)도 있었다. 이것은 높은 C/N값으로 나타났다. 3. 대체(大體)로 한 가지 시료(試料)에서 추출(抽出)되는 humic acid의 양(量)이 fulvic acid의 양(量) 보다 많았다. 4. 부식화(腐植化)의 진전(進展)에 따라 humin의 상대적(相對的)인 양(量)도 증가(增加)하였다. 5. Total acidity는 phenolic hydroxyl group과 밀접(密接)한 상관관계(相關關係)가 있었으며 carboxyl group은 hydroxyl group과 alcoholic hydroctyl group과 유의성(有意性) 있는 상관관계(相關關係)가 있었다. 6. Humic acid와 fulvic acid의 UV 및 visible light absorption spectrum은 거의 같은 모양이었다. 7. 추출(抽出)된 humic acid의 종류(種類)는 B, P 그리고 Rptype이었다. Humic acid 중(中) 2가지는 B type, 3가지는 P type, 그리고 나머지 12가지는 모두 Rp type에 속(屬)했다.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제19권
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• pp.343-350
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• 1999

The separation of humic acid by ultrafiltration was most influenced by pressure difference. when pressure difference increased from latm to 3atm, permeate flux increased from 40% to 60% but rejection rate reduced from 97% to 91% because of adsorption of molecules of humic acid at membrane surface. Since physical adsorption was more dominant than chemical adsorption, adsorption of membrane surface was reduced 50% when slow rate increased at same conditions.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제19권
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• pp.409-413
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• 1999

Chemical oxidation of humic acid by ozonation process was investigated in the batch reactor. Aldehydes and ketone were identified as PFBOA derivatives in ozonated humic acid solutions using gas chromatography with PDECD. The formaldehyde was as a main by-product of ozonation. The characteristics of the formaldehyde production were discussed with respect to concentration at different experimental conditions.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제29권A호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2009

The efficiency of heterogeneous catalysts has been investigated in ozonation process for organic removal. Heterogeneous catalytic ozonation was conducted for the degradation of humic acid in the presence of Granular Activated Carbon or Zeolite as a solid catalyst. And the results were compared to those of ozonation alone and adsorption alone without ozonation. The degradation characteristics of humic acid in each process were examined with the values of pH, TOC, $UV_{254}$ and $COD_{Cr}$.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제18권
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• pp.417-423
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• 1998

Experiments were performed to evaluate UV/VIS absorbance and TOC of humic acid solutions which were ozonated at different pH values. The optimum conditions for ozonation of humic acid from this study are pH 9 (buffered) and 0.84 ($H_2O_2/HA$, w/w) for $H_2O_2$ dosage.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.67-78
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• 2017

본 연구의 목적은 휴믹산을 농도별로 유기농 고추 유묘기와 생육기에 처리하였을 때, 고추의 발아, 생육, 수량에 미치는 영향을 검정하고자 하였다. 0.05%와 0.1% 휴믹산을 상토에 처리하였더니 무처리보다 고추 발아율이 높았으나 0.4%와 1.0% 휴믹산의 발아율은 각각 90.0%와 86.7%로 96.7%의 무처리보다 낮았다. 고추유묘 정식 30일 후, 휴믹산을 0.05%나 1.0%는 무처리에 비해 생육이 감소하였으나 0.2% 휴믹산을 처리한 고추의 평균 초장(97.6 cm), 엽수(84.7개) 및 생체중($128.1g\;plant^{-1}$)이 유의적으로 증가하였다. 휴믹산 토양관주 처리 60일 후, 0.2% 휴믹산 처리구의 고추 초장이 유의적으로 가장 길었다. 0.2%, 0.1%, 0.05% 휴믹산 처리구의 평균 청과수는 처리 간에 유의적인 차이가 없었으나 0.4%와 1.0% 휴믹산 처리구의 평균 청과수가 각각 35.2개와 29.1개로 가장 많았다. 그러나 풋고추의 생체중은 0.2% 휴믹산 처리구가 무처리에 비해 평균 $111.5g\;plant^{-1}$ 더 무거운 것으로 나타났다. 휴믹산 농도별 토양관주 60일 후, 1.0% 휴믹산 처리구를 제외하고 무처리에 비해 고추의 총무게($5.8kg\;plant^{-1}$)와 평균 무게($1.4kg\;plant^{-1}$)가 높은 것으로 나타났으며 0.2%와 0.1% 휴믹산 처리구의 고추 총무게가 각각 $9.3kg\;plant^{-1}$과 $8.6kg\;plant^{-1}$로 다른 처리농도에 비해 많았다. 휴믹산 토양관주 처리에 따른 토양의 세균, pH 및 EC에 미치는 영향을 조사하였더니, 0.2% 휴믹산에서 토양의 세균밀도가 무처리구에 비해 3.5배 더 높게 나타났다. 휴믹산의 농도가 0.05%에서 1.0%로 증가함에 따라 고추재배 토양의 pH와 EC도 증가하는 것으로 나타났다.