• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.407-412
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• 2020

Due to the influence of nonlinearity and time-variation, it is difficult to establish an accurate model of concrete frame structures that adopt active controllers. Fuzzy theory is a relatively appropriate method but susceptible to human subjective experience to decrease the performance. To guarantee the stability of multi-time delays complex system with multi-interconnections, a delay-dependent criterion of evolved design is proposed in this paper. Based on this criterion, the sector nonlinearity which converts the nonlinear model to multiple rule base of the linear model and a new sufficient condition to guarantee the asymptotic stability via Lyapunov function is implemented in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMI). A numerical simulation for a three-layer reinforced concrete frame structure subjected to earthquakes is demonstrated that the proposed criterion is feasible for practical applications.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.133-141
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• 2005

Most of the endogenous retroviral genes integrated into the primate genome after the split of New World monkeys in the Oligocene era, approximately 33 million years ago. Because they can change the structure of adjacent genes and move between and within chromosomes they may play important roles in evolutionas well as in many kinds of disease and the creation of genetic polymorphism. Comparative analysis of HERVs (human endogenous retroviruses) and their LTR (long terminal repeat) elements in the primate genomes will help us to understand the possible impact of HERV elements in the evolution and phylogeny of primates. For example, HERV-K LTR and SINE-R elements have been identified that have been subject to recent change in the course of primate evolution. They are specific elements to the human genome and could be related to biological function. The HERV-M element is related to the superfamily of HERV-K and is integrated into the periphilin gene as the truncated form, 5'LTR-gag-pol-3'LTR. PCR and RT-PCR approaches indicated that the insertion of various retrotransposable elements in a common ancestor genome may make different transcript variants in different primate species. Examination of the HERV-W elementrevealed that env fragments were detected on human chromosomes 1, 3-7, 12, 14, 17, 20, and X, whilst the pol fragments were detected on human chromosomes 2-8, 10-15, 20, 21, X, and Y. Bioinformatic blast search showed that almost full-length of the HERV-W family was identified on human chromosomes 1-8, 11-15, 17, 18, 21, and X. Expression analysis of HERV-W genes (gag, pol, and env) in human tissues by RT-PCR indicated that gag and pol were expressed in specific tissues, whilst env was constituitively expressed in all tissues examined. DNA sequence based phylogenetic analysis indicated that the gag, pol and env genes have evolved independently during primate evolution. It will thus be of considerable interest to expand the current HERV gene information of various primates and disease tissues.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.237-249
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• 2011

Land-use changes due to the socio-economic environment influence landscape patterns and processes, which affect habitats and biodiversity. This study considers the effects of such land-use changes, particularly on the traditional rural "Maeul" forested landscape, by analyzing landscape structure and vegetation changes. Three study areas were examined that have seen their populations decrease and age over the last few decades. Five types of plant life-forms (Raunkier life-forms) were distinguished to investigate ecosystem function. Principle component analysis was used to understand vegetation dynamics and community characteristics based on a vegetation similarity index. Ordination analysis transformed species-coverage data was introduced to clarify vegetation dynamics. Landscape indices, such as area metrics, edge metrics, and shape metrics, showed that spatial heterogeneity has increased over time in all areas. Pinus densiflora was the main land-use plant type in all study areas but decreased over time, whereas Quercus spp. increased. Over a decade, P. densiflora communities shifted to deciduous oak and plantation. These findings indicate that the impact of human activities on the Maeul landscape is twofold. While forestry activities caused heavy disturbances, the abandonment of traditional human activities has led to natural succession. Furthermore, it can be concluded that the type and intensity of these human impacts on landscape heterogeneity relate differently to vegetation succession. This reflects the cause and consequence of patch dynamics. We discuss an approach for sustainable landscape planning and management of the Maeul landscape based on traditional management.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.631-640
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• 2011

Milk oligosaccharides are the complex mixture of six monosaccharides namely, D-glucose, D-galactose, N-acetyl-glucosamine, N-acetyl-galactosamine, L-fucose, and N-acetyl-neuraminic acid. The mixture is categorized as neutral and acidic classes. Previously, 25 oligosaccharides in bovine milk and 115 oligosaccharides in human milk have been characterized. Because human intestine lacks the enzyme to hydrolyze the oligosaccharide structures, these substances can reach the colon without degradation and are known to have many health beneficial functions. It has been shown that this fraction of carbohydrate can increase the bifidobacterial population in the intestine and colon, resulting in a significant reduction of pathogenic bacteria. The role of milk oligosaccharides as a barrier against pathogens binding to the cell surface has recently been demonstrated. Milk oligosaccharides have the potential to produce immuno-modulation effects. It is also well known that oligosaccharides in milk have a significant influence on intestinal mineral absorption and in the formation of the brain and central nervous system. Due to its structural resemblance, bovine milk is considered to be the most potential source of oligosaccharides to produce the same effect of oligosaccharides present in human milk. This review describes the characteristics and potential health benefits of milk oligosaccharides as well as the prospects of oligosaccharides in bovine milk for use in functional foods.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.238-245
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• 2024

Body donation is the act of giving one's body to science for study, practice, and research. This selfless act contributed to the education and training of professionals in the field of medicine. Body donation programs allow medical students to learn about the different aspects of human anatomy, perfect their dissection skills, and develop a better understanding of the relationship between structure and function in the human body. The purpose of article is to improve body donation programs which meet ethical standards and best practices. This article emphasizes the significance of body donation to teaching medical institutions by discussing various aspects of body donation to medical colleges in India and the procedural steps followed, sample proformas and the obstacles faced during the whole process. The process of body donation varies among different countries pertaining to their legal frameworks and the challenges faced. A description of the problems faced in the process of body donation has been discussed with suggestions for potential solutions in this section. The sample formats of the forms filled by donors and the certificates issued by concerned organizations are also provided to clearly understand the process of body donation. The information compiled will pave the way for medical teaching institutions that have yet to start a body donation program.

• 한국동물번식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물번식학회 2003년도 학술발표대회 발표논문초록집
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• pp.39-39
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• 2003

Methylation of DNA 5-cytosine in mammalian early embryo affects great deal in nuclear reprogramming and chromatin remodeling of developing embryo. Current efforts to clone and produce cloned animals including transgenic animals face various problems including low birth rate, irregular development, and so on. In this report, cDNA for the one of house keeping methyltransfcrase, Dnmt1 was cloned from bovine somatic tissues and was analyzed for its nucleotide sequences to investigate the structure and function of the gene in bovine early development. Nucleotide sequence of bovine Dnmt1 homologue showed 76.8% identity with that of human Dnmtl and 66.4% with mouse Dnmt1. Translated amino acid sequence showed 88.4% homology with human homologue and 75.8% homology with mouse counterpart. Three types of Dnmt1 are reported in mouse and human, and are likely present in bovine tissues. Understanding of role of Dnmt1 in bovine development may shed a light in the field of animal, especially bovine cloning.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.626-629
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• 2002

In Oriental medicine, Five Mental is a concept for understanding of man's mental structure. Spirit and body is inseparable relation in Oriental Medicine. Function of spirit and body is regarded as one in Oriental Medical physiology. Spirit is the essence of a function which an organism reveal, and it is regarded in the same with life. For this reason, identification spirit with life is special feature of Oriental Medicine. In Confucianism, Li(理) refers to nature's discipline, which everything under the sun shares. It is similar to the concept of Shin(神) in a broad sense and Sung(性) is similar to that of Shin(神) in a narrow sense. Confucianism's principle is similar to Oriental medicine's, in that they classify Sung(性) into Gi-Jil-Ji-Sung(氣質之性) and Bon-Yeon-Ji-Sung(本然之性), that Sung(性) acts upon man differently according to his disposition, and that materials have an effect on Shin(神)'s action. According to mind's action, there are Human mind(人心) and Moral mind(道心). Human mind(人心) is defined as a mental action of higher degree and Moral mind(道心) is conceived as a mental action related to body. It is similar to Oriental medicine's principle in which Shin(神) is classified into Hun(魂) and Beak(魄) according to its action. Yi(意) is self-control and application, and Zhi(志) is a conscious state in which basic acts towards the object are fixed regularly. Those are similar to the concepts of Oriental medicine.

• 한국자기공명학회논문지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.88-104
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• 2010

Human melanocortin-4 receptor (hMC4R) has a critical role in part of energy homeostasis, and their heterozygous mutations related in genetic cause of severe human obesity. In order to study the structure and function of these membrane proteins, it is important to prepare the samples. However, the preparation of transmembrane peptide is seriously difficult and time-consuming. Overexpression and purification of membrane proteins was reported to be difficult due to their innate insoluble and toxic properties. Among the many difficulties, the most important is the difficulty in obtaining sufficient quantities of purified protein. Recently, we succeed to produce large amounts of the second transmembrane domain from the wild-type hMC4R (wt-TM2) and D90N mutant hMC4R (m-TM2) and proposed the structural difference of them in membrane-like environments. In this paper, we demonstrate the optimization procedures to express and purify wt-TM2 or m-TM2 peptides, and solution NMR studies in different detergents to get high-resolution spectra were also described.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.102-110
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• 2008

Construction space of Japan suggests the factor of speculation to human and reveals tradition. The speculation can be embodied in the aspect of space and human's mental aspect is expressed as a main factor of tradition space of Japan. The purpose of this study is to research expression characteristic of speculation space, shown in the architecture of modem architect, Tadao Ando, who succeeds the concept. His works surveyed through research contain the emotion of nature and human, which are traditional factors of Japan. Moreover, it is reinterpreted by modem space, delivers its function of space and physical factor to user and grants value to activity and behavior of user residing in the space. Users recognize movement, create new meaning of space and accept physical barrier in the space. In conclusion, it can be said that the space of speculation is not a simple visual thing but a frame of visual structure, which is invented for embodiment. The factors show the Japanese architecture, real and contemplating one, which is positive in real life and allows experience. Through the conditions above, the researcher can find the meaning from the aspect that modem architecture of Japan is planned on the basis of concept of speculation.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.310-316
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• 2017

The robot proximity and tactile sensors can be categorized into two groups: grip sensors and safety sensors. They have different performance requirements. The safety sensor should have long proximity range and fast response in order to secure enough response time before colliding with ambient objects. As for the tactile sensing function, the safety sensor need to be fast and compliant to mitigate the impact from a collision. In order to meet these requirements, we proposed and demonstrated a compliant integrated safety sensor suitable to human-friendly robots. An ultrasonic proximity sensor and a piezoelectric tactile sensor made of PVDF films have been integrated in a compliant PDMS structure. The implemented sensor demonstrated the maximum proximity range of 35 cm. The directional tolerance for 30 cm detection range was about ${\pm}15^{\circ}$ from the normal axis. The integrated PVDF tactile sensor was able to detect various impacts of up to 20 N in a controlled experimental setup.