• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.173-181
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• 2016

Skin basement membrane (BM) is a specialized structure that binds dermis and epidermis of the skin and plays an important role in maintaining skin structure. Structural change and destruction of BM is reported to appear due to UV exposure and aging, which may contribute to skin aging including wrinkle formation and a decrease in elasticity of the skin. One of the key components of the BM is laminin-332 (LN-332), and is a major contributor to epidermal-dermal attachment. In this study, we elucidated the effects of Meladrium firmum hexane fraction (MFHF) on LN-332 expression in HaCaT, a human keratinocyte cell line. Quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and immunoblot analysis revealed that MFHF induced upregulation of LN-332 gene and protein expression. Next, cells were treated with p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB202190) prior to MFHF treatment to analyze the signaling pathway contributing to LN-332 expression. The mRNA and protein levels of LN-332 expression were suppressed completely by pretreatment with p38 MAPK inhibitor. Furthermore, MFHF also increased the mRNA level of collagen type VII and integrin ${\alpha}6$ of skin BM component. These results collectively suggest that MFHF may have potential as an effective agent to stimulate the synthesis of BM components, and could be used to improve phenomenon of skin aging ascribed to the structural and functional impairments of BM in aged human skin.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.229-232
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• 2018

• BMB Reports
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.329-334
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• 2021

Collagen type I is the most abundant form of collagen in human tissues, and is composed of two identical α-1 type I chains and an α-2 type I chain organized in a triple helical structure. A previous study has shown that human collagen α-2 type I (hCOL1A2) promotes collagen synthesis, wound healing, and elastin production in normal human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). However, the biological effects of human collagen α-1 type I (hCOL1A1) on various skin properties have not been investigated. Here, we isolate and identify the hCOL1A1-collagen effective domain (CED) which promotes collagen type I synthesis. Recombinant hCOL1A1-CED effectively induces cell proliferation and collagen biosynthesis in HDFs, as well as increased cell migration and elastin production. Based on these results, hCOL1A1-CED may be explored further for its potential use as a preventative agent against skin aging.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2004.04b
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• pp.601-603
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• 2004

인터넷은 유익하고 건전한 정보의 유통이 대부분이지만 최근에는 익명성과 상업성으로 인해 유해 정보가 급속하게 늘어나고 있는 추세이다. 이러한 부정적인 영향으로부터 청소년들과 어린이들을 보호하기 위하여, 본 논문은 유해사이트 분류를 자동으로 할 수 있는 시스템을 제안한다. 기존의 유해사이트 구축은 검색 요원들이 유해사이트를 돌아다니며 일일이 데이터를 수집하여 분류하거나 유해사이트의 내용 중에 텍스트만을 추출하여 패턴 매칭 방법으로 분류하는 것이 대부분이었지만, 본 논문은 기존 방법의 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 형태소 분석을 이용한 사이트의 유해도 측정과 Skin-Color 분포의 분석 결과를 병합하여 95% 이상의 정확도(Precision) 성능을 보이며. 신뢰도가 높은 유해사이트 자동 분류 시스템을 구현할 수 있다는 것을 증명하였다.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.334-341
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of changing air temperature and the changing on/off periods of the air-conditioner system. Adding to that, this paper discuss is to consider the effects of air temperature with the air-conditioner system upon the human thermal comfort. The experiment is conducted during the summer. The subjects(6 young females) are exposed to the following conditions: combinations of 2 Swing and 2 Linear air control Conditions. (2 Swing during 40 min, 4 Swing during 40 min, Linear 40 min, Linear 60 min in still air and RH 50%). From the experiment, the following results are obtained; the thermal sensation vote is neutral after 90 minute. The mean skin temperature ranged about $34^{\circ}C$ at all conditions. The skin temperature was greatly affected by 2 Swing big amplitude condition.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.1-12
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• 2009

The correct detection of skin color is an important preliminary process in fields of face detection and human motion analysis. It is generally performed by three steps: transforming the pixel color to a non-RGB color space, dropping the illuminance component of skin color, and classifying the pixels by the skin color distribution model. Skin detection depends on by various factors such as color space, presence of the illumination, skin modeling method. In this paper we propose a 3d skin color model that can segment pixels with several ethnic skin color from images with various illumination condition and complicated backgrounds. This proposed skin color model are formed with each components(Y, Cb, Cr) which transform pixel color to YCbCr color space. In order to segment the skin color of several ethnic groups together, we first create the skin color model of each ethnic group, and then merge the skin color model using its skin color probability. Further, proposed model makes several steps of skin color areas that can help to classify proper skin color areas using small training data.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.683-689
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• 1994

With a view to utilizing effectively fish skin wastes from marine manufactory, a gelatin solution extracted from yellowfin sole skin was fractionated by precipitation with ethanol, and then the functional and physico-chemical properties for the fractionated gelatin were determined. Ethanol was added up to 50% of ethanol content to a gelatin solution extracted from yellowfin sole skin, then the mixture was left to stand at $0^{\circ}C$ for 12 hours. Finally, the precipitates were dried by hot-air ($40^{\circ}C$). The gel strength and melting point of a 10% gel of gelatin prepared from yellowfin sole skin by precipitation with ethanol has 322.4g and $23.3^{\circ}C$, respectively. The physico-chemical properties of the ethanol treated fish skin gelatin were superior to those of fish skin gelatin prepared without ethanol treatment. Besides, the functional properties of the ethanol treated gelatin were lower in solubility and higher in water holding capacity, oil binding capacity, emulsifying activity, emulsifying stability, foam expansion and foam stability than those of pork skin gelatin sold on market as well as gelatin prepared without ethanol treatment. It may be concluded, from these results, that the fish skin gelatin prepared by precipitation with ethanol can be effectively utilized as a human food by improving the functional properties.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.29-34
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• 2003

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the Effect of Acupuncture Chok-samni(ST36) on Skin temperature(ST), Galvanic skin response(GSR) and Heart rate(HR) in humans. ST36 is used in uneasiness, high fever, stroke, paralysis on oriental medicine. Methods : Subjects were 18 healthy oriental medical students volunteers(15male, 3female, mean age-28). Under sequence of ST36 acupuncture, the first group was observed ST, the second group was observed GSR and the third group was observed HR. Skin temperature was measured on Haegye acupoint(ST41) before and after acupuncture stimulation. Each test took 15minutes. This test was performed twice in order to increase the statistical authenticity. Results : Our result indicates that acupuncture stimulation of ST36 statistically decreased skin temperature on ST41. Also statistically decreased in HR. The change of GSR after ST36 acupuncture was decreased, but there is no statistical. Conclusions : These results suggested that acupuncture stimulation of ST 36 has effect on ST and HR in human body, and may be used by treatment as control the nerve system.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.310-319
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• 2001

To compare skin irritation and cytotoxicity of anti-wrinkle agents, we examined skin irritation of six anti-wrinkle agents (ascorbic acid, glycolic acid, all trans-retinoic acid, ginseng extract, retinol, EB) in New Zealand white rabbit. Cytotoxicity of these agents was determined by MTT [tetrazolium salt 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] at multi-time points in cultured HaCaT cell, a human immortalized keratinocyte cell. We then analyzed correlation between skin irritation and cytotoxicity by spearman's rank correlation analysis. All trans-retinoic acid showed the highest primary irritation index (0.92) in skin irritation test. Being all the six agents not irritant, retinal showed the most cytotoxic agents. The correlation between skin irritation and cytotoxicity ($IC_{50}$/ at different time point was 0.814, 0.757, 0.814 and 0.7 at 3, 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively. We also fecund that IC$_{20}$ and IC$_{80}$ of these agents showed similar correlation with skin irritation. These results therefore demonstrated that there is close correlation between skin irritation and cytotoxicity $IC_{50}$/ value by MTT in HaCaT cell at early time points by anti-wrinkle agents or IC$_{20}$ value. $IC_{50}$/ at earily time point or IC$_{20}$ values may be reliable alternative determinant of skin irritation.n.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.297-304
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• 2021

In this study, we prepared a pigmented skin model, KeraSkin-M^TM for the in vitro evaluation of whitening agents. For the purpose of complementing the existing mono-layer cell culture testing method, KeraSkin-M^TM was produced through the co-culture of human skin-derived keratinocytes and melanocytes. The efficacy of four well-known whitening agents (arbutin, ascorbic acid, kojic acid, niacinamide) was evaluated in KeraSkin-M^TM in order to assess its usefulness in assessing whitening efficacy. As a result, it was possible to observe additional details such as the distribution of melanin granules and melanin capping in each skin layer through KeraSkin-M^TM, which was previously difficult to assess in the traditional 2D cell culture system. In addition, quantification through image analysis of KeraSkin-M^TM allowed for a statistical analysis of the whitening effects. These results suggest that the KeraSkin-M^TM can be used as a new evaluation method of evaluating whitening efficacy, as well as complement the traditional total melanin content and tyrosinase inhibition assays.