• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.167-172
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• 2001

Nebulin is an approximately 700 kDa filamentous protein in vertebrate skeletal muscle. It binds to the Z line and also binds side-by-side to the entire thin actin filament in a sarcomere. The correlation of nebulin size with thin filament length have led to the suggestion that nebulin acts as a molecular ruler for the length of thin filaments. The C-terminal part of human nebulin is anchored in the sarcomeric Z-disk and contains an SH3 domain. SH3 domains have been identified in an ever-increasing number of proteins important for a wide range of cellular processes, from signal transduction to cytoskeleton assembly and membrane localization. However, the exact physiological role of SH3 domains remains, in many cases, unclear. To explore the role of nebulin SH3 in the cytoskeletal rearrangement that accompanies myoblast differentiation, we transfected sense and antisense nebulin SH3 domain fused to enhanced green fluorescent protein in myoblast. Cells expressing nebulin SH3 fragment showed decrease of cell-cell adhesion, and cells transfected with antisense nebulin SH3 gene showed a rounded cell morphology and loss of cell-matrix adhesion. No alteration in cell shape and differentiation were observed in control cells expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein. Perturbation of nebulin altered the cell shape and disrupted cell adhesion in myoblast, demonstrating that nebulin can affect cytoskeleton rearrangement.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.157-157
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• 2017

Titanium and its alloys that have a good biocompatibility, corrosion resistance, and mechanical properties such as hardness and wear resistance are widely used in dental and orthopedic implant applications. They can directly connect to bone. However, they do not form a chemical bond with bone tissue. Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) that combines the high voltage spark and electrochemical oxidation is a novel method to form ceramic coatings on light metals such as titanium and its alloys. This is an excellent reproducibility and economical, because the size and shape control of the nano-structure is relatively easy. Silicon (Si), manganese (Mn), and magnesium (Mg) has a useful to bone. Particularly, Si has been found to be essential for normal bone, cartilage growth and development. Manganese influences regulation of bone remodeling because its low content in body is connected with the rise of the concentration of calcium, phosphates and phosphatase out of cells. Insufficience of Mn in human body is probably contributing cause of osteoporosis. Pre-studies have shown that Mg plays very important roles in essential for normal growth and metabolism of skeletal tissue in vertebrates and can be detected as minor constituents in teeth and bone. The objective of this work was to study nucleation and growth of bone-like apatite formation on Ti-6Al-4V in solution containing Mn, Mg, and Si ions after plasma electrolytic oxidation. Anodized alloys was prepared at 270V~300V voltages. And bone-like apatite formation was carried out in SBF solution for 1, 3, 5, and 7 days. The morphologies of PEO-treated Ti-6Al-4V alloy in containing Mn, Mg, and Si ions were examined by FE-SEM, EDS, and XRD.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.152-152
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• 2017

Titanium and its alloys have been widely used for biomedical applications. However, the use of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy in biomaterial is then a subject of controversy because aluminum ions and vanadium oxide have potential detrimental influence on the human body due to vanadium and aluminum. Hence, recent works showed that the synthesis of new Ti-based alloys for implant application involves more biocompatible metallic alloying element,such as, Nb, Hf, Zr and Mo. In particular, Nb and Hf are one of the most effective Ti ${\beta}$-stabilizer and reducing the elastic modulus. Plasma electrolyte oxidation (PEO) is known as excellent method in the biocompatibility of biomaterial due to quickly coating time and controlled coating condition. The anodized oxide layer and diameter modulation of Ti alloys can be obtained function of improvement of cell adhesion. Silicon (Si) and magnesium (Mg) has a beneficial effect on bone. Si in particular has been found to be essential for normal bone and cartilage growth and development. In vitro studies have shown that Mg plays very important roles in essential for normal growth and metabolism of skeletal tissue in vertebrates and can be detected as minor constituents in teeth and bone. Therefore, in this study, Si and Mg coatings on the hydroxyapatite film formed Ti-29Nb-xHf alloys by plasma electrolyte oxidation has been investigated using several experimental techniques. Ti-29Nb-xHf (x= 0, 3, 7 and 15wt%, mass fraction) alloys were prepared Ti-29Nb-xHf alloys of containing Hf up from 0 wt% to 15 wt% were melted by using a vacuum furnace. Ti-29Nb-xHf alloys were homogenized for 2 hr at $1050^{\circ}C$. The electrolyte was Si and Mg ions containing calcium acetate monohydrate + calcium glycerophosphate at room temperature. The microstructure, phase and composition of Si and Mg coated oxide surface of Ti-29Nb-xHf alloys were examined by FE-SEM, EDS, and XRD.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.135-142
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effect of walking on high heels on the behavior of fascicle length and activation of the lower limb muscles. Methods: Twelve healthy inexperienced high heel wearers (age: $23.1{\pm}2.0yr$, height: $162.4{\pm}4.9cm$, weight: $54.4{\pm}8.5kg$) participated in this study. They walked in high heels (7 cm) and barefoot on a treadmill at their preferred speed. During the gait analysis, the lower limb joint kinematics were obtained using a motion analysis system. In addition, the changes in fascicle length and the level of activation of the medial gastrocnemius (MG) were simultaneously monitored using a real-time ultrasound imaging technique and surface electromyography, respectively. Results: The results of this study show that the MG fascicle operates at a significantly shorter length in high heel walking ($37.64{\pm}8.59mm$ to $43.99{\pm}8.66mm$) in comparison with barefoot walking ($48.26{\pm}9.02mm$ to $53.99{\pm}8.54mm$) (p < .05). In addition, the MG fascicle underwent lengthening during high heel walking with relatively low muscle activation while it remained isometric during barefoot walking with relatively high muscle activation. Conclusion: Wearing high heels alters the operating range of the MG fascicle length and the pattern of muscle activation, suggesting that prolonged wearing of high heels might induce structural alterations of the MG that, in turn, hinder normal functioning of the MG muscle during walking.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2018.06a
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• pp.74-74
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• 2018

Ti-6Al-4V alloys have been widely used as orthopedic materials because of their excellent corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. However, it does not bind directly to the bone, so it requires a surface modification. This problem can be solved by nanotube and micropore formation. Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) treatment for micropore, which combines high-voltage spark and electrochemical oxidation, is a new way of forming a ceramic coating on light metals such as titanium and its alloys. This method has excellent reproducibility and can easily control the shape and size of the Ti alloy. In this study, formation of bioactive surface by PEO-treatment after $2^{nd}$ ATO technique of Ti-6Al-4V alloy was invesgated by various instrument. Nanotube oxide surface structure was formed on the surface by anodic oxidation treatment in 0.8 wt.% NaF and 1M $H_3PO_4$ electrolytes. After nanotube formation, nanotube layer was removed by ultrasonic cleaning. PEO-treatment was carried out at 280V for 3 minutes in the electrolytic solution containing the bioactive substance (Mg, Zn, Mn, Sr, and Si). The surface of Ti-6Al-4V alloy was observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM, S-4800 Hitachi, Japan). An energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS, Inca program, Oxford, UK) was used to analyze the spectra of physiologically active Si, Mn, Mg, Zn, and Sr ions. The PEO film formed on the Ti-6Al-4V alloy surface was characterized using an X-ray diffractometer (TF-XRD, X'pert Philips, Netherlands). It is confirmed that bioactive ions play an essential role in the normal bone growth and metabolism of the human skeletal tissues.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.381-388
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• 2008

An X-linked skeletal disorder, SEDT (spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda) is a genetic disease characterized by a disproportionately short trunk and short stature caused by mutations in the SEDL gene. This gene is evolutionarily conserved from yeast to human. The yeast SEDL protein ortholog, Trs20p, has been isolated as a member of a large multi-protein complex called the transport protein particle (TRAPP), which is involved in endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-to-Golgi transport. The interaction between SEDL and partner proteins is important in order to understand the molecular mechanism of SEDL functions. We isolated several SEDL-binding proteins derived from rat cells by an immobilized GST-fusion method. Furthermore, the SEDL-homologue proteins were identified using motif based methods. Common motifs between SEDL-binding proteins and SEDL-homologue proteins were classified into seven types and 78 common motifs were revealed. Sequence similarities were contracted to seven types using phylogenetic trees. In general, types I-III and VI were classified as having the function of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, glycogen phosphorylase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, and enolase, respectively, and type IV was found to be functionally related to the GST protein. Types V and VII were found to contribute to TRAPP vesicle trafficking.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.2052-2059
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• 2020

Background: Kinesiology taping (KT) is a method that helps immediately increase muscle activation, strength and joint stability by being attached to various skeletal muscles and structures of the body. Objectives: To investigate the effect of KT applied below the hyolaryngeal complex on the movement of the hyolaryngeal complex during swallowing in patients with dysphagia after stroke. Design: One-group, pre-post design. Methods: Twenty individuals with dysphagia after stroke participated in this study. KT was applied to the sternum and both clavicles from the hyolaryngeal complex. We analyzed the motion of the hyolaryngeal complex during swallowing with and placebo KT and KT using the Image-J software with videofluoroscopic swallowing study. In addition, a 0-to-10 numerical rating self-report scale was used to check the required effort and resistance felt during swallowing. Results: KT condition showed that the anterior and superior movement of the hyoid bone during swallowing was significantly lower than placebo KT (P<.05, all). Also, KT condition showed that the anterior and superior movement of the larynx during swallowing was significantly lower than placebo KT (P<.05, all). In result of statistical comparison between KT group and placebo KT group, the KT group showed significantly higher self-report scale score than the placebo KT group in terms of two category; the required effort and resistance felt (P<.05, all). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that KT applied below the hyolaryngeal complex inhibits the anterior and superior movement of hyoid bone and larynx during swallowing of patients with dysphagia after stroke.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.102-109
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• 2014

Cetaceans (whales, dolphins, and porpoises) are aquatic mammals that experienced drastic changes during the transition from terrestrial to aquatic environment. Morphological changes include streamlined body, alterations in the face, transformation of the forelimbs into flippers, disappearance of the hindlimbs and the acquisition of flukes on the tail. For a prolonged diving, cetaceans acquired hypoxia-resistance by developing various anatomical and physiological changes. However, molecular mechanisms underlying these adaptations are still limited. CREB-binding protein (CREBBP) is a transcriptional co-activator critical for embryonic development, growth control, metabolic homeostasis and responses to hypoxia. Natural selection analysis of five cetacean CREBBPs compared with those from 15 terrestrial relatives revealed strong purifying selection, supporting the importance of its role in mammals. However, prediction for amino acid changes that elicit functional difference of CREBBP identified three cetacean specific changes localized within a region required for interaction with SRCAP and in proximal regions to KIX domain of CREBBP. Mutations in CREBBP or SRCAP are known to cause craniofacial and skeletal defects in human, and KIX domain of CREBBP serves as a docking site for transcription factors including c-Myb, an essential regulator of haematopoiesis. In these respects, our study provides interesting insights into the functional adaptation of cetacean CREBBP for aquatic lifestyle.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.403-411
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• 2022

A motion-based sports game uses a motion sensor or a camera to exercise based on body movements, and it is possible to obtain exercise effects such as improving physical strength while enjoying the game. In prior works, various studies such as usability evaluation has been conducted on motion-based sports games. However, there has been no discussion about how the exercise effect is exerted on users when experiencing motion-based sports games as individual or team play. This study compared the user's exercise effects by analyzing the user's ECG (Electrocardiogram) sensor and the Kinect sensor's skeletal information using Nintendo Switch game that is played individually and as a team. In this paper, the experimental design and method, the quantitative measurement results based on ECG and Kinect, and the results of the post-test subjective measurement are discussed.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.42
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• pp.37.1-37.13
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• 2020

Background: The human mandible is variable in shape, size and position and any deviation from normal can affect the facial appearance and dental occlusion. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine whether the Sassouni cephalometric analysis could help predict two-dimensional mandibular shape in humans using cephalometric planes and landmarks. Materials and methods: A retrospective computerised analysis of 100 lateral cephalometric radiographs taken at Kingston Hospital Orthodontic Department was carried out. Results: Results showed that the Euclidean straight-line mean difference between the estimated position of gonion and traced position of gonion was 7.89 mm and the Euclidean straight-line mean difference between the estimated position of pogonion and the traced position of pogonion was 11.15 mm. The length of the anterior cranial base as measured by sella-nasion was positively correlated with the length of the mandibular body gonion-menton, r = 0.381 and regression analysis showed the length of the anterior cranial base sella-nasion could be predictive of the length of the mandibular body gonion-menton by the equation 22.65 + 0.5426x, where x = length of the anterior cranial base (SN). There was a significant association with convex shaped palates and oblique shaped mandibles, p = 0.0004. Conclusions: The method described in this study can be used to help estimate the position of cephalometric points gonion and pogonion and thereby sagittal mandibular length. This method is more accurate in skeletal class I cases and therefore has potential applications in craniofacial anthropology and the 'missing mandible' problem in forensic and archaeological reconstruction.