• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.35-44
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• 2018

This study suggests the sensing method of the Three-dimensional respiration rate sensor based on surface area changes, and exploring the design direction of the three-dimensional breathing sensor and the design orientation of the garment. To achieve this, two types of three-dimensional respiration rate sensor were produced, and the study of the dummy and the subjects studied. The study I investigated the possibility of measurement of the three-dimensional respiration sensor by the study variables of the sensor type and speed of respiration. The study II proposes a suitable type of sensor for each of the three measuring positions in addition to the study variables in the study I. To evaluate accuracy, reproducibility, and reliability of the three-dimensional respiration rate sensor, the BIOPAC was used to measure the respiration rate simultaneously with the three-dimensional respiration rate sensor. Through all these results of the experiment, it explored the possibility of measurement of the three-dimensional respiration sensor for the dummy. It also proposed a suitable type of sensor by measuring the respiration rate for the human body.

• Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.28-33
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• 2017

In this paper, new signal model for bio-signal detection, i.e heart beat and respiration, using CW radar. Most research on this similar topic are based on the conventional signal model which is not correct in envisaging reflected signal from the human body. The system developed based on this conventional model can not predict exact performance of the system. So in this paper modified signal model for bio-radar is proposed and then simulation for detecting heartbeat and respiration signal in AWGN, multipath environment. The detection performance difference between two signal models are discussed.the modified

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.865-869
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• 2008

Effects of chitosan coating on respiration rate and internal gas composition of 'Fuji' apple and 'Satsuma' mandarin were investigated and compared to wax emulsions and two commercial coating materials. Chitosan coating reduced respiration rate significantly (p<0.05) in 'Fuji' apple and 'Satsuma' mandarin compared to uncoated and other coating materials. Chitosan coating on 'Fuji' apple showed the highest $CO_2$ and the lowest $O_2$ concentration in the internal gas composition at $5^{\circ}C$ but showed no differences compared to other coating materials at $20^{\circ}C$. 'Satsuma' mandarin showed significantly high $CO_2$ concentration in chitosan coating at $20^{\circ}C$ but there were not significant differences among coating materials in $CO_2$ and $O_2$ composition at $5^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.104-112
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• 2023

The change in the position of the abdominal organs due to movement by respiration is one of the reasons behind inaccurate irradiation of organs during radiotherapy (RT). Although studies in human medicine have revealed on the respiratory movements of abdominal organs, there is little information and no reference data for dogs. The purpose of this study was to establish the reference values of abdominal organs movement in various postures using computed tomography (CT), and to compare the movements of organs between dorsal recumbency and ventral, right and left lateral recumbency during respiration. CT images for kidney, adrenal gland, medial iliac lymph node, urinary bladder, gallbladder, liver, stomach, and thoracic and lumbar vertebral body of five beagle dogs were acquired. The movements of organs were evaluated by comparing the end-expiratory and end-inspiratory images. Movements of the organs were evaluated by dividing it into right-to-left, dorsal-to-ventral, and cranial-to-caudal directions. The movements of abdominal organs according to the change in postures and respiration were establish. The movement of the bilateral organs was the least when the organs were in the downward position (p < 0.017). The movement of cranial-to-caudal direction was greater than the movement of the other directions in most of the organs. Data obtained in this study may be useful in selecting the appropriate posture that can reduce the movements of organs to be treated with RT, and the data could be useful for setting the planning target volume to consider the movements of the abdominal organs by respiration.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.364-371
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• 2015

In this study, we developed a feasible structure of a textile-based inductive sensor using a machine embroidery method, and applied it to a non-contact type vital sign sensing device based on the principle of magnetic-induced conductivity. The mechanical heart activity signals acquired through the inductive sensor embroidered with conductive textile on fabric were compared with the Lead II ECG signals and with respiration signals, which were simultaneously measured in every case with five subjects. The analysis result showed that the locations of the R-peak in the ECG signal were highly associated with sharp peaks in the signals obtained through the textile-based inductive sensor (r=0.9681). Based on the results, we determined the feasibility of the developed textile-based inductive sensor as a measurement device for the heart rate and respiration characteristics.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.514-517
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• 2003

Oxygen supply is one of the most basic things in human body. Breathing is controlled by the lungs' stationary function and the respiratory center which is in the mesulla oblongata. Nothing but, the external breathing that air movement between the lungs and atmosphere and the internal breathing that cellular air movement between the hemoglobin and a single cell. The adult's number of times of the respirations is about 15∼20 per 1 minute, but it depends ages, exercise, temperature, disease, etc. The important thing in detecting the respiration is that doing it in object person's resting time. Detecting the respiration have to be done without attracting any attention of object person. In present using method is detecting the pulse with catching an object person's wrist and observing the object person's movement. In this paper, we propose the mobile respiration detection diagnostic system using ultrasound sensing method that does not be influenced by the inertia error and the pressure error.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.627-636
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• 2016

The causative agent of pandemic cholera, Vibrio cholerae, infects the anaerobic environment of the human intestine. Production of cholera toxin (CT), a major virulence factor of V. cholerae, is highly induced during anaerobic respiration with trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) as an alternative electron acceptor. However, the molecular mechanism of TMAO-stimulated CT production is not fully understood. Herein, we reveal that CT production during anaerobic TMAO respiration is affected by glucose fermentation. When the seventh pandemic V. cholerae O1 strain N16961 was grown with TMAO and additional glucose, CT production was markedly reduced. Furthermore, an N16961 Δcrp mutant, devoid of cyclic AMP receptor protein (CRP), was defective in CT production during growth by anaerobic TMAO respiration, further suggesting a role of glucose metabolism in regulating TMAO-mediated CT production. TMAO reductase activity was noticeably decreased when grown together with glucose or by mutation of the crp gene. A CRP binding region was identified in the promoter region of the torD gene, which encodes a structural subunit of the TMAO reductase. Gel shift assays further confirmed the binding of purified CRP to the torD promoter sequence. Together, our results suggest that the bacterial ability to respire using TMAO is controlled by CRP, whose activity is dependent on glucose availability. Our results reveal a novel mechanism for the regulation of major virulence factor production by V. cholerae under anaerobic growth conditions.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2009

In this paper, a 2.4 GHz doppler radar system consisting of a doppler radar sensor and a baseband module were designed to detect heart beat and respiration signal without direct skin contact. The doppler radar system emits RF signal of 2.4 GHz toward human chest, and then detects phase modulation of the reflected signal so as to investigate cardiopulmonary activities. The heartbeat and respiration signals acquired from I/Q channels of the doppler radar system are applied to the pre-processing circuit, the amplification circuit, and the offset circuit of the baseband module. The designed system was tested on mouse, rabbit and mankind, which have different range of heart rates and respiration signals, to evaluate detection accuracy of the system. ECG acquisition system and respiration transducer were used to generate the reference signal. In our experiments, a performance of detection were found to be high in the case that the subject stays still. In this paper, we confirmed that non-contact heart beat and respiration detection using the doppler radar has the possibility and limitation according to distance, cardiopulmonary activities, range of heart rates and respiration.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.17-24
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• 1985

To compare heart rate, $O_2$ uptake, $Vo_2$ ($O_2$ consumption), blood pressure (systolic, diastolic), reaction time, stability, flicker fusion value during 4 load levels with Rs (self-paced respiration) and Rp (paced respiration), 4 subjects participated in this experiment 1 hour/day, 6 days/week for 9 weeks. The cycle of Rp is 6 sec. (inspiration: 3 sec. & expiration: 3 sec.) Implications of the results are discussed in terms of the change in the physiological responses and human performance by the respiratory pattern. The results are as follows, 1. The changing magnitude of heart rate with Rp was larger than with Rs and the variance during load level 4 was significant. 2. The $Vo_2$ with Rp was smaller than with Rs and maximal $O_2$ uptake given load levels with Rp occurred and for two subjects, it significantly moved from low load level to high load level. 3. The changing magnitude of blood pressure was not consistent but the systolic pressure with Rp was smaller at rest than with Rs. 4. The score of reaction time test and stability test with Rp was better than with Rs.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.33-42
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• 2010

In this study, we have proposed a simple cardiorespiratory monitoring method based on displacements of human body which occurs due to periodic heartbeat and breathing. The proposed system consists of an aircushion, pressure sensing hardware and heartbeat and respiration signals extraction algorithm. The aircushion was used for unconstrained measurement of the respiration and heartbeats without a sensor attached on the subject's skin surface. The displacements of subject sitting on the aircushion cause small pressure variations. These variations are amplified and filtered with the pressure sensing hardware. Finally, heart rate and respiration rate are extracted by signal processing algorithm based on frequency domain filter. To evaluate the performance, extracted respiration and heart rate from proposed system were compared with conventional methods. The average sensitivity of respiration and heart rate are 98.67% and 99.24%, respectively. These results show the proposed method has advantages of installing and processing simplicity so as to be used easily in unconstrained respiration and heart rate monitoring in daily life.