• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회 2001년도 Korean Environmental Mutagen Society
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• pp.189-189
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• 2001

• 대한생식의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한불임학회 2001년도 제40차 춘계학술대회
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• pp.46-47
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• 2001

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.217-224
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• 2001

The present study examines the expression and regulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and its receptor (GnRH-R) mRNA levels during mouse ovarian development. A fully processed, mature GnRH mRNA together with intron-containing primary transcripts was expressed in the immature mouse ovary as determined by Northern blot analysis and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The size of ovarian GnRH mRNA was similar to that of hypothalamus, but its amount was much lower than that in the hypothalamus. Quantitative RT-PCR procedure also revealed the expression of GnRH-R mRNA in the ovary, but the estimated amount was a thousand-fold lower than that in the pituitary gland. We also examined the regulation of ovarian GnRH and GnRH-R mRNA levels during the follicular development induced by pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and/or human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Ovarian luteinizing hormone receptor (LH-R) mRNA was abruptly increased st 48 h after the PMSG administration and rapidly decreased to the basal level thereafter. Ovarian GnRH mRNA level was slightly decreased at 48 h after the PMSG administration, and then returned to the basal value. GnRH-R mRNA level began to increase at 24 h after the PMSG treatment, decreased below the uninduced basal level at 48 h, and gradually increased thereafter. HCG administration did not alter ovarian GnRH mRNA level, while it blocked the PMSG-induced increase in GnRH mRNA level. Taken together, the present study demonstrates that the expression of GnRH and GnRH-R mRNA are regulated by gonadotropin during follicular development, suggesting possible intragonadal paracrine roles of GnRH and GnRH-R in the mouse ovarian development.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.42-46
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• 2011

Objective: This study was aimed to investigate endometrial histology and to find predictable clinical factors for endometrial disease (hyperplasia or cancer) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods: We investigated the endometrial histology and analyzed the relationship between endometrial histology and clinical parameters, such as LH, FSH, estradiol, testosterone, fasting and 2 hours postprandial glucose and insulin, insulin resistance, body mass index, endometrial thickness, menstrual status from 117 women with PCOS. Statistical analysis was performed with chi square and t-test, p-value<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. And receiver operating characteristic curve was used to find predictable clinical factors for endometrial disease and to decide the cuff off values. Results: In 117 women with PCOS, endometrial histologic profiles are as follows: proliferative phase in 90 women (76.9%), endometrial hyperplasia in 25 women (21.4%), and endometrial cancer in 2 women (1.7%). Of 25 women with endometrial hyperplasia, simple hyperplasia without atypia, complex hyperplasia without atypia and complex hyperplasia with atypia were diagnosed in 15 (12.8%), 6 (5.1%), 4 (3.4%) women, respectively. Age and endometrial thickness were significantly related with endometrial disease, p=0.013 and p=0.001, respectively. At the cut off level of 25.5 years in age, sensitivity and specificity predicting for endometrial disease were 70.4% and 55.6%, respectively (p=0.023). At the cut off level of 8.5 mm in endometrial thickness, sensitivity and specificity were 77.8% and 56.7%, respectively (p=0.000). Conclusion: In women with PCOS, the incidence of endometrial hyperplasia and cancer were 21.4% and 1.7%. The age and endometrial thickness may be used as clinical determining factors for endometrial biopsy.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.98-102
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• 2011

Objective: To investigate the effects of pioglitazone on controlled ovarian stimulation (COS), IVF outcomes, and follicular fluid (FF) cytokine concentrations in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods: Eighty-six infertile patients with PCOS resistant to clomiphene citrate were randomized to receive pioglitazone (30 mg/day) or placebo on the starting day of oral contraceptive (OC) pretreatment, followed by an IVF protocol using a GnRH antagonist. Pioglitazone or placebo was administered once daily from the starting day of OC to the day of hCG injection. Results: Total dose and days of recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone administered, and the numbers of retrieved and mature oocytes, were significantly lower in the pioglitazone group than in the control group. FF tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations at oocyte retrieval were also significantly lower in the pioglitazone group. The clinical pregnancy rate was higher and the incidence of severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome was lower in the pioglitazone group, but the differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Pioglitazone reduces FF TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6 levels, and may improve ovarian response to COS in patients with PCOS.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.113-120
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• 2004

Chromium compounds are known human and animal carcinogens. In this study, the effects of sodium chromate on apoptosis and cell cycle were investigated in order to unveil the elements of early cellular responses to the metal. Using Chinese hamster ovary cells(CHO-K1-BH4), we found taht chromium (VI) treatment induced apoptosis in these cells, as signified by nuclear fragmentation, DNA laddering on agarose gel electrophoresis, and an increased proportionof cells with hypodiploid DNA. Preceding these changes, chromium (VI) treatment increased caspase 3 pritease activity and also increased expression of p53 protein, while the level of bcl2 protein was not changed. Coincubation with caspase inhibitor, Z-DEVD-FMK, inhibited chromium-induced apoptosis. In the flow cytometric analysis using propidium iodide fluorescence, an increase of cell population in G2/M phase was shown in cells exposed to at least 160 $\mu\textrm{m}$ of sodium chromate for 72h, form 9.8% for 0$\mu\textrm{m}$ chromium (VI) to 26.4% for 320$\mu\textrm{m}$ chromium(VI). Taken together, these findings suggest that chromium(VI)-induced apoptosis is accompanied by G2/M cell cycle arrest, and that p53-mediated pathway may be involved in positive regulation of G2/M arrest and a concurred apoptosis in CHO cells.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.599-603
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• 2014

Background: Reproductive cancers are those that affect the human organs that are involved in producing offspring. An attempt is made in the present communication to assess the magnitude and pattern of reproductive cancers, including their treatment modalities, in India. The cancer incidence data related to reproductive cancers collected by five population-based urban registries, namely Bangalore, Bhopal, Chennai, Delhi and Mumbai, for the years 2006-08 were utilized. The reproductive cancers among females constituted around 25% of the total and around 9% among males. Among females, the three major contributors were cervix (55.5%), ovary (26.1%) and corpus uteri (12.4%). Similarly among males, the three major contributors were prostate (77.6%), penis (11.6%) and testis (10.5%). For females, the AAR of reproductive cancers varied between 30.5 in the registry of Mumbai to 37.3 in the registry of Delhi. In males, it ranged between 6.5 in the registry of Bhopal to 14.7 in the registry of Delhi. For both males and females, the individual reproductive cancer sites showed increasing trends with age. The leading treatment provided was: radio-therapy in combination with chemo-therapy for cancers of cervix (48.3%) and vagina (43.9%); surgery in combination with chemo-therapy (54.9%) for ovarian cancer; and surgery in combination with radio-therapy for the cancers of the corpus uteri (39.8%). In males, the leading treatment provided was hormone-therapy for prostate cancer (39.6%), surgery for penile cancer (81.3%) and surgery in combination with chemo-therapy for cancer of the testis (57.6%).

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.29-38
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• 1986

In order to study the mechanism of follicular atresia, follicles were classified into the normal groups and the atretic ones, according to the criteria with or without corpus luteum, size of follicles, vascularization, status of granulose cells and the hypertrophy of theca layers in the porcine ovary. To estimate the binding capacity of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) receptor on the granulosa cells during atresia, hCG were iodinated by the chloramine-T method and then purified through the column chromatography. The concentration" of hCG receptor in each group were measured by the hCG receptor binding assay. Binding capacity in large normal follicles were 1.16%, but atretic ones were 0.45%. But in medium and small follicles (below 6mm in diameter), the binding capacity in normal follicles were 0.09%, but atretic ones were 0.05%, which was lower than those of large follicles. The present ( ) that the concentrations of hCG receptors on granulosa cells is decreased when the follicles become atretic and be used as a sort of creteria for the identification of follicles atresia.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권spc8호
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• pp.3009-3016
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• 2011

To investigate the possible isosteric replacement of imidazolidinone moiety in 4-phenyl-N-arylsulfonylimidazolidinone for broad and potent anticancer agents, a series of 4-phenyl-l(N)-arylsulfonylimidazolidinones 6a-k, imidazolidinethione analogs 7a-i, and imidazolidine oxime analogs 8a-c were prepared and evaluated for their in vitro anticancer activity against four human cancer cell lines (human lung A549, human colon COLO205, human leukemia K562, human ovary SK-OV-3). Among all the derivatives of N-arylsulfonylimidazolidinone 6a-k, compounds 6f and 6g showed the best inhibition comparable to doxorubicin against all cancer cell lines. Increasing the carbon chain on alkyl moieties of carbamates as shown in 6c-g did not alter the activity. The imidazolidinethione analogs 7a-i and imidazolidin-2-one oxime derivatives 8a-c did not possess any good activity. Therefore, imidazolidinone moiety is the best pharmacophore among the 4-phenyl-Narylsulfonylimidazolidinone derivatives.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.25-28
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• 1997

The present study was conducted to determine the effect of recombinant human follicle stimulating hormone (rhFSH) on the estrogen synthesis by human fetal ovarian tissues. Fetal ovaries were 18-19 weeks old (18 wks:n=1, 19 wks:n=2). One case of 19-week-old fetal ovaries were obtained from anencephalic fetus. Obtained ovarieswere cleaned and diced around $600\mu\textrm{m}$ pieces, and cultured in the sandwich agar bed system for 21-23 days. Estrone ($E_{1}$) and estradiol-17 $\beta$($E_{2}$) in the medium was measured by radioimmunoassay. Amount of $E_{2}$ synthesis was greater than $E_{1}$ in both normal cases. In contrast, fetal ovaries from anencephalic fetus did not produce neither $E_{1}$ nor $E_{2}$ in the presence or absence of rhFSH. Results suggest that the fetal ovaries have a capacity of estrogen production at 18-19 weeks of gestation Existence of FSH receptor is also supposed. Different results by anecephalic fetal ovaries suggest the difference in the development between normal and anencephalic fetal ovaries.