• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.1719-1722
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• 2012

The Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein family Verprolin - homologous proteins (WAVEs), encoded by a metastasis promoter gene, play considerable roles in adhesion of immune cells, cell proliferation, migration and destruction of foreign agents by reactive oxygen species. These diverse functions have lead to the hypothesis that WAVE proteins have multi-functional roles in regulating cancer invasiveness, metastasis, development of tumor vasculature and angiogenesis. Differentials in expression of WAVE proteins are associated with a number of neoplasms include colorectal cancer, hepatocellular cancer, lung squamous cell carcinoma, human breast adenocarcinoma and prostate cancer. In this review we attempt to unify our knowledge regarding WAVE proteins, focusing on their potentials as diagnostic markers and molecular targets for cancer therapy.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Life Science Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.41.1-41.1
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• 2007

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• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Life Science Conference
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• 2001.02a
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• pp.77-77
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• 2001

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.143-151
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• 2001

A marine bacterium producing carotenoid was isolated from the Yosu coastal area of South Korea, which was recorded as MCK-1. It was identified as Erythrobacter sp. Optimium conditions of marine carotenoid fermentation from Erythrobacter sp. were pH 6.0, a temperature of $25^{\circ}C$, 16 mM mannitol as a carbon source, 0.5% tryptone as a nitrogen source, 0.1 mM $Fe^{+2}$ ion as a mineral source and 1$\mu$M of cyanocobalamine as a growth factor in a jar-fermentor. Erythrobacter sp. was produced 351.27 mg/100mL of the marine carotenoid in these optimum conditions. This marine carotenoid was composed of 4 different conpounds, like as notoxanthin (61.4%), can thaxanthin (24.6%), fucoxanthin (8.2%), and zeaxanthin (5.8%). Physiological properties including antibacterial activity, cytotoxic effect, antioxidative effect and free radical scavenging activity were characterized with crude carotenoid. Carotenoid exhibited no antibacterial activity against E. coli and lactobacillus bulgaricus, but showed cytotoxic effect against cancer cells such as HepG2 (Hepatocellular carcinoma, human, ATCC HB-8065) and HeLa (Cervical carcinoma, human, ATCC CCL-2) cells. The impediment ratios for HepG2 and HeLa cell were 37.14% and 33.78%, respectively. This carotenoid expressed a strong antioxidative effect (77%) against CCL-13 5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL and 50 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL crude carotenoid, respectively.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.97-104
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• 2017

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Although Angelica keiskei (AK) has widely been utilized for the purpose of general health improvement among Asian, its functionality and mechanism of action. The aim of this study was to determine the protective effect of ethanol extract of AK (AK-Ex) on acute hepatotoxicity induced by acetaminophen (AAP) in HepG2 human hepatocellular liver carcinoma cells and HepaRG human hepatic progenitor cells. MATERIALS/METHODS: AK-Ex was prepared HepG2 and HepaRG cells were cultured with various concentrations and 30 mM AAP. The protective effects of AK-Ex against AAP-induced hepatotoxicity in HepG2 and HepaRG cells were evaluated using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay, flow cytometry, and Western blotting. RESULTS: AK-Ex, when administered prior to AAP, increased cell growth and decreased leakage of LDH in a dose-dependent manner in HepG2 and HepaRG cells against AAP-induced hepatotoxicity. AK-Ex increased the level of Bcl-2 and decreased the levels of Bax, Bok and Bik decreased the permeability of the mitochondrial membrane in HepG2 cells intoxicated with AAP. AK-Ex decreased the cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and the activation of caspase-9, -7, and -3. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that AK-Ex downregulates apoptosis via intrinsic and extrinsic pathways against AAP-induced hepatotoxicity. We suggest that AK could be a useful preventive agent against AAP-induced apoptosis in hepatocytes.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.186-192
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• 2001

A primary culture of human fetal hepatocytes was obtained through a therapeutic abortion process at 26 weeks of gestation period. More than $10^8$ cells were seeded on a plastic plate. These hepatocytes were infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV). The HBV was purified from serum of one chronic HBV carrier. Transformed hepatocytes were subcultured in a 10% FBS-supplemented medium. The morphology of the transformed cell was epithelial-like. The cells from the first pass showed signs of early proliferation and had a latent period of more than 3 months after 6-7 passages. After the rest period, the transformed cell proliferated actively and they were subcultured every three days. Transformed hepatocytes were characterized by detection of the HBV transcript by RT-PCR. The secretion of virions from transformed cells was investigated by PCR with the cell medium. Two types of virions secreted into the culture medium were examined by using the transmission electron microscope. Another approach to study the secretion of virions in to culture medium was carried out with HBV antibody. HBsAg was detected in the culture medium of transformed cells using ELISA and Western blot analyses. These data suggested that the human fetal hepatocyte cell line has been established by infection of HBV, in which this cell line secreted viral particles into the culture medium.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.504-508
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• 1999

This report compares the selective cytotoxic effects of Doenjang fermented by various Bacillus strains (Bacillus sp. SS9, SSA3, and PM3) on human liver cell lines with that of conventional Doenjang (DTY, DTG, and DTK) and commercial Doenjang (DCM, DCD, and DCS). To investigate selective cytotoxic effects of Doenjang extracts, the cell density of HepG2 (Hepatocellular carcinoma) and CCL-13 (cells derived from human normal liver) was estimated after addition of the extracts by using a viable cell counting method. The maximum selectivity ratio ($IC_{50}$value against CCL-13/$IC_{50}$ value aganist HepG2) was observed by PM3 (extracts of Doenjang fermented with Bacillus sp. PM3). As for morphological changes shown by the addition of PM3 into HepG2 and CCL-13 cultures, HepG2 was significantly disrupted, however, CCL-13 was not affected. Also, the growth rate of HepG2 was decreased significantly by the addition of PM3. Consequently, PM3 showed a more detrimental effect on HepG2 than that on CCL-13.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.4311-4316
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• 2015

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary liver cancer with high global incidence and mortality rates. Current candidate drugs to treat HCC remain lacking and those in use possess undesirable side effects. In this investigation, the antiproliferative effects of dentatin (DTN), a natural coumarin, were evaluated on HepG2 cells and DTN's probable preliminary molecular mechanisms in apoptosis induction were further investigated. DTN significantly (p<0.05) suppressed proliferation of HepG2 cells with an $IC_{50}$ value of $12.0{\mu}g/mL$, without affecting human normal liver cells, WRL-68 ($IC_{50}$ > $50{\mu}g/mL$) causing $G_0/G_1$ cell cycle arrest via apoptosis induction. Caspase colorimetric assays showed markedly increased levels of caspase-3 and caspase-9 activities throughout the treatment period. Western blotting of treated HepG2 cells revealed inhibition of $NF-{\kappa}B$ that triggers the mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic signaling pathway by up-regulating cytoplasmic cytochrome c and Bax, and down-regulating Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. The current findings suggest DTN has the potential to be developed further as an anticancer compound targeting human HCC.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.518-527
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• 2021

This study verifies the polyphenol and flavonoid contents of a dried extract, as well as its antioxidant effect and growth inhibitory effect on cancer cells to investigate the potential of yellow cherry tomatoes as a physiologically active food material. The polyphenol and flavonoid contents were determined as 10.96 ± 1.57 and 4.12 ± 0.41 mg/g, respectively. The antioxidant activity was confirmed by measuring DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging ability, and RC50-the concentration that reduces free radicals by 50%-were determined as 490.83 ± 17.35 ㎍/mL and 355.90 ± 0.79 ㎍/mL, respectively. The dried extract showed no cytotoxicity with respect to normal hepatocytes (Chang) and no growth inhibitory activity with respect to A549 lung cancer cells, whereas dried extract showed growth inhibitory activities of 15.2% and 18.4% with respect to human cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa) and human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells, respectively, when treated with a concentration at 100㎍/mL. The results of this study confirm the potential of yellow cherry tomatoes as a physiologically active food material by verifying their antioxidant activity and their growth inhibitory activity with respect to cervical and liver cancer cells.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.137-142
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• 2016

We investigated the anti-proliferative effects of solar salt and purified salt (PS) on HepG2 human hepatocellular cancer cells as well as their effects on mRNA and protein expression of apoptosis- and cell cycle-related genes, including Bcl-2, Bax, p53, and p21. Each salt sample suppressed cancer cell proliferation when treated at a concentration of 0.5% or 1%. Especially solar salt from T salt field (SS-T) and solar salt from Y salt field (SS-Y) significantly suppressed proliferation of cancer cells in comparison with PS. Treatment of HepG2 cells with salt samples at a concentration of 1% suppressed expression of Bcl-2 and promoted expression of Bax, p53, and p21 at the mRNA and protein levels in comparison with the control group. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) showed that SS-T and SS-Y had higher concentrations of Ca, Mg, S, and K than PS, and SS-T contained higher concentrations of these minerals than SS-Y. It seems that Na and mineral contents in solar salt may contribute to regulation of the genes. Taken together, salt, especially mineral rich solar salt, inhibits cancer cell growth by regulating apoptosis and cell cycle-related genes.