• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.355-358
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• 1998

This paper investigate the interaction of electromagnetic fields(EF's) in the human head with respect to the radiated waves from 1.8〔GHz〕 PCS terminal that the titled angles of a monopole antenna between the head and the horizontal axis of the terminal are 45, 60, 75 and 90 degrees respectively. And then, it is found the fact that the induced SAR distri bution in the model of the head gradually decreases by in creasing the titled angle.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.491-498
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• 1995

A numerical human head/neck model was constructed for analyzing the implication in decleration injuries. This model consists of nine rigid bodies representing the head, cervical vertebrae C1-C7, and T1. These rigid bodies were connected by intervertebral disks described by massless beam elements. Muscles and ligaments were also incoperated in the model represented by nonlinear spring and viscoblastic element respectively Agreement of the analytical kinematic response with the results of experimental data from a volunteer run was satisfactory. Moreover, possible injury estimation from the calculated moment, force variations in the disc, and force variation in ligaments matched well with clinical observations.

• Advances in biomechanics and applications
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.253-267
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• 2014

The human head is identified as the body region most frequently involved in life-threatening injuries. Extensive research based on experimental, analytical and numerical methods has sought to quantify the response of the human head to blunt impact in an attempt to explain the likely injury process. Blunt head impact arising from vehicular collisions, sporting injuries, and falls leads to relative motion between the brain and skull and an increase in contact and shear stresses in the meningeal region, thereby leading to traumatic brain injuries. In this paper the properties and material modeling of the subarachnoid space (SAS) as it relates to Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBI) is investigated. This was accomplished using a simplified local model and a validated 3D finite element model. First the material modeling of the trabeculae in the Subarachnoid Space (SAS) was investigated and validated, then the validated material property was used in a 3D head model. In addition, the strain in the brain due to an impact was investigated. From this work it was determined that the material property of the SAS is approximately E = 1150 Pa and that the strain in the brain, and thus the severity of TBI, is proportional to the applied impact velocity and is approximately a quadratic function. This study reveals that the choice of material behavior and properties of the SAS are significant factors in determining the strain in the brain and therefore the understanding of different types of head/brain injuries.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.309-318
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• 2001

In this paper, we describe methods that analyze a human gesture. A human interface(HI) system for analyzing gesture extracts the head and hand regions after taking image sequence of and operators continuous behavior using CCD cameras. As gestures are accomplished with operators head and hands motion, we extract the head and hand regions to analyze gestures and calculate geometrical information of extracted skin regions. The analysis of head motion is possible by obtaining the face direction. We assume that head is ellipsoid with 3D coordinates to locate the face features likes eyes, nose and mouth on its surface. If was know the center of feature points, the angle of the center in the ellipsoid is the direction of the face. The hand region obtained from preprocessing is able to include hands as well as arms. For extracting only the hand region from preprocessing, we should find the wrist line to divide the hand and arm regions. After distinguishing the hand region by the wrist line, we model the hand region as an ellipse for the analysis of hand data. Also, the finger part is represented as a long and narrow shape. We extract hand information such as size, position, and shape.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1998

The near field radiated from the monopole antenna of the cellular phone was calculated by using the modified finite difference time domain algorithm derived from the integral form of Maxwell's equations. Substituting the near field value into the differential form of Maxwell's equations, SAR's distribution in the human head was obtained. The human head was simulated by a model of 800,000 block cells with dielectric constant and conductivity. The cell size was taken to be 0.5 cm. the transmitted power of the cellular phone was assumed to be 0.6 watts at the frequency of 833 MHz. The distance between the head and the cellular phone was 2.0 cm, the maximum SAR induced in the human head was about 1.5 W/kg and was below the IEEE's upper safety limit of 1.6 W/kg.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.623-630
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to do research hairdressers' knowledge of hairless head dummy's brand name, and to suggest and develop various hairless head dummy for the students who are learning hair styling in the colleges and the academies, for the hairdressers working in the beauty salons. Using only one and same kind of hairless head model is not appropriate for hairdressers and students being trained hair styling skill, because people have a variety of head shapes. Three hundred twenty nine persons who live in Iksan area are selected as subjects. The results of the study are as follow: by the analysis of subjects' knowledge of hairless head dummy's brand name, most of them didn't know it exactly. This study deduced that there is a significant relation between the utility of hairless head dummy and subjects' intention of purchasing the dummy. To put it in detail, in case of college students, there is little significant difference between them. But in case of academy students, there is. By the regression analysis, especially, in case of hairdressers working in beauty salons and academy students, four conditions did significantly matter in their purchasing the dummy: first, whether the respondents owns it, second, whether it is helpful to themselves, third, whether they have ever used foreign products and, finally, whether they have intention to purchase various hairless head dummys or not. In conclusion, it depended on each group position whether their knowledge of brand names of hairless head model affects their purchase of the dummy or not.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.9-18
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• 2011

In this paper, we propose a method which recognizes human activity using model-based gaze direction estimation in an indoor environment. The method consists of two steps. First, we detect a head region and estimate its gaze direction as prior information in the human activity recognition. We use color and shape information for the detection of head region and use Bayesian Network model representing relationships between a head and a face for the estimation of gaze direction. Second, we recognize event and scenario describing the human activity. We use change of human state for the event recognition and use a rule-based method with combination of events and some constraints. We define 4 types of scenarios related to the gaze direction. We show performance of the gaze direction estimation and human activity recognition with results of experiments.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.30 no.4 s.152
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• pp.542-553
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• 2006

The purpose of this study were to analyse of craniofacial shape by 3D and to develope of head models for Korean adults with gender and age groups. The 3D measurement technique adapted in this study was a novel approach compared that the same technique has been commonly used in measuring human bodies. The data and the model of head analysis can be used as a basic reference in developing various head related items such as hat, helmet, gas mask, ear phone, and etc. In this study, heads of 836 Korean adults were measured in 3D, analyzed by statistical methods, and modelized in 3D by gender and age groups. From the basic statistical data analysis, vertex-tragion and the length between the pupils were the longest in their twenties for both men and women, and grew shorter in elderly groups. In all categories, a significant difference appeared between men and women in their 20's, but the differences were less noticeable in elderly groups. Compared to the one size standard head model of the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency, the above three-dimensional standard head model would provide a more through fit because gender and age groups were sub-divided and analyzed in 3D.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.176-179
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• 2002

Using scaled models for an anatomical head model and a simple head model, we investigated the effects of head size on specific absorption rate characteristics for two mobile phones operating at 835 MHz and 1765 MHz. Our results showed that a larger head produced a higher localized SAR at 835 MHz. However, at 1765 MHz, the differences among the head models were insignificant since the superficial absorption was dominant over the effects of head shape and size. A larger head produced a lower whole-head averaged SAR at both frequencies.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.141-152
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• 1999

In this paper, We performed the human body dynamic modelling for the realistic animation based on the dynamical behavior of human body, and designed controller for the effective control of complicate human dynamic model. The human body was simplified as a rigid body which consists of 18 actuated degrees of freedom for the real time computation. Complex human kinematic mechanism was regarded as a composition of 6 serial kinematic chains : left arm, right arm, support leg, free leg, body, and head. Based on the this kinematic analysis, dynamic model of human body was determined using Newton-Euler formulation recursively. The balance controller was designed in order to control the nonlinear dynamics model of human body. The effectiveness of designed controller was examined by the graphical simulation of human walking motion. The simulation results were compared with the model base control results. And it was demonstrated that, the balance controller showed better performance in mimicking the dynamic motion of human walking.