• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.654-660
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• 2006

There are various sounds in the car as much as cats have many mechanical parts. These sounds make various sound qualities. The international competition in car markets has continuously required the research about the sound quality of a car. The domestic carmakers have also invested a lot of money for the research and development of sound quality. Car axle plays an important role in a vehicle and its NVH development is also important. By this time, NVH development of car axle is mainly based on the reduction of sound pressure level(dBA), which cannot gives, the satisfaction to the customers in view of the sound quality of a vehicle. Therefore, in this project, a sound quality index evaluating the sound quality of axle noise based on human sensibility is developed and applied to the development of the sound quality of axle noise

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.1003-1008
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• 2004

In our life, we have used many digital appliances. They helped us to improve the quality of lift but sometimes gave us unsatisfactory result because they produce specific noise. Especially a vacuum cleaner produces a great deal of noise that is very annoying. So we need to study what sound metrics affect human sensibility. In this paper, we will study sound quality index for vacuum cleaner. The subjective evaluation of vacuum cleaner sound can be indicated to objective parameters by sound metrics of psychoacoustics. The artificial neural network can estimate the nonlinear characteristics of relation between subjective evaluation and sound metrics. We applied the artificial neural network to the development of sound quality index for vacuum sound.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.3793-3796
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• 2016

Background: Prostate cancer (PC) is one of the leading causes of death, especially in developed countries. The human development index (HDI) and its dimensions seem correlated with incidence and mortality rates of PC. This study aimed to assess the association of the specific components of HDI (life expectancy at birth, education, gross national income per 1000 capita, health, and living standards) with burden indicators of PC worldwide. Materials and Methods: Information of the incidence and mortality rates of PC was obtained from the GLOBOCAN cancer project in year 2012 and data about the HDI 2013 were obtained from the World Bank database. The correlation between incidence, mortality rates, and the HDI parameters were assessed using STATA software. Results: A significant inequality of PC incidence rates was observed according to concentration indexes=0.25 with 95% CI (0.22, 0.34) and a negative mortality concentration index of -0.04 with 95% CI (-0.09, 0.01) was observed. Conclusions: A positive significant correlation was detected between the incidence rates of PC and the HDI and its dimensions including life expectancy at birth, education, income, urbanization level and obesity. However, there was a negative significant correlation between the standardized mortality rates and the life expectancy, income and HDI.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.2022-2026
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• 2003

We define that the end effector is the device which interact environment or objects with contact to execute tasks. Up to now, many researchers developed anthropomorphic robotic hands as end effectors. In this paper, we will discuss a problem on the development of a human-scale and motor-driven anthropomorphic robot hand. In this paper, design concept, actuator and transmission, kinematic design and sensing device are presented. By imitating the physiology of human hands, we devised new metacarpalphalangeal joint and interphalangeal joint suitable for human-size robot hands

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.12spc
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• pp.604-610
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• 2021

Human capital is the defining value of the national economy under market conditions. The manifestation of human capital is realized as an intellectual and creative capital, theoretically grounded and proven. The realization of intellectual capital is realized through the research creativity of scientists and researchers, and creative capital is manifested through artists and thinkers. Accordingly, creativity in market conditions forms a separate source of income and is an essential article in the formation of the GDP of the national economy. This research aims to analyze human capital from the perspective of cultural and creative industries. Research methods: systematization; comparative analysis of individual indicators of advanced countries of the world on the training system; statistical, taking into account macroeconomic indicators to assess the level of national creativity potential; system and logical analysis; method of information synthesis. Research results. The structural and quantitative composition of the factors of intellectual and creative capital formation has been systematized. The article proves that the unique properties of human capital, knowledge, creativity, experience and professional skills are the push factors of creativity development of the national economy and provide the priority development of creative and cultural industry that allows generating the added value on the national scale. The functions of creativity in the sphere of cultural industries are highlighted. It is noted that education and creativity of both intellectual and creative capital are the forming basis. The research of the world's advanced countries on the creativity index has pointed out the Netherlands as the leading country in the quantitative measurement of creativity. The economic development factors of the Netherlands were analyzed from the position of economic creativity, which allowed the formation of a two-factor model providing priority development of creativity in the cultural and creative industries.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.120-130
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• 2000

Studies on the relation between socio-economic factors and metermal and child health have found that poverty, lack of edcation, inappropriate health serives are affecting to maternal and child health. The Gender Related Development Index (GDI) focuses on equality between men and women as well as on the average achiement of all people taken together, using same cariables as the Human Development Index (HDI) which are life expectancy, literacy rate, and per capita GDP. This research is to inverstigate whether HDI and GDI are useful determinants for maternal infant mortality. Using 146 UN member countries date, we condented multiple regression analysis for maternal and infant mortality with three models which are Model(individual variables-literacy rate, per capita GDP), Model(HDI) and Model(GDI). The results showed that HDI and GDI are powerful determinants of both maternal and infant mortality, respectively HDI($\beta$=-1.18, t=3.3; $\beta$=1.04, t=5.1) GDI($\beta$=-1.44, t=3.9; $\beta$=1.28, t=6.5) The higher power in model with GDI for both maternal and infant mortalities represented that GDI was more powerful determinant of maternal and infant mortality, than HDI respectively HDI($R^2$=0.824, $R^2$=0.842), GDI($R^2$=0.834, $R^2$=0.865). In conclusion, the maternal and infant mortalities are explained by GDI than HDI and may be lower in the societies where there are less discimination between men and women.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.267-275
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• 2007

In this study, relationship between the air pollution of Siheung city and the relative contribution of automobiles to the city's pollution was evaluated for the first time. Then, new air pollution exposure index was developed through simulation. Using the newly developed index, two different urban development scenarios were compared to present a sustainable urban development plan to reduce air pollution from the land utilization point of view. According to the result of this simulation, air quality of the city was found to be affected significantly by human activities. More populated area showed worse level of air quality. Any development in the city resulted in more automobile activity and deterioration of air quality. This simulation result thus explains that a rapid increase of automobiles accompanied by the land development near local roadsides in the city is the major cause of air pollution in Siheung city. In this study, if urban activities are vigorous in an area with high air pollution, people are more likely to be exposed to air pollutant under the bad environmental conditions. On the other hand, if urban activities are less vigorous in an area with high pollution or if urban activities are vigorous in an area with less pollution, the environmental condition was positive. The APEI (Air Pollution Exposure Index) was developed based on these considerations. Scenarios 1 and 2 were compared and analyzed using APEI. In result, scenario 1 is the case in which land is developed and used in an environmentally favorable manner. From this study, it was proved that the impact of air pollution on human health can be minimized with proper land use. The result form the current study can be used as the basic information to solve problems from improper land utilization and air pollution (by road traffic). It also can be utilized to evaluate air pollution level according to land use and road characteristics and to help to choose the best location of land use to comply with the road function and status.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.15 no.7 s.100
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• pp.821-828
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• 2005

In our life, we have used many digital appliances. They help us to improve the quality of life but sometimes give us unsatisfactory result. Because they produce specific noise. Especially vacuum cleaner produce much noise that is very annoying. So we need to study what sound metrics affect human sensibility. In this paper, we develop sound quality index for vacuum cleaner using the sound quality metrics defined in psychoacoustics. First, we carry out the subjective evaluation of vacuum cleaner sound to verify what vacuum sound feels good to human. And then artificial neural network estimated the complexity and the nonlinear characteristics of the relations between subjective evaluation and sound metrics. Finally the ANN is trained repeatedly to have a good performance for sound qualify index of the vacuum cleaner. As a result, the sound quality index of vacuum cleaner has a correlation of $93.5\%$ between the subjective evaluation and ANN. So, there exist three factors that Is loudness, sharpness, roughness which affect the sound quality of vacuum cleaner.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.21-28
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• 2022

The increase in the number of large cities and the size of their population sharpens attention to the new role of cities as entities to ensure a high-quality, safe and modern life of citizens, which has become significantly more active in recent years. The rapid spread of smart cities in the modern world has actualized the issue of analyzing their success and assessing the role of various factors in this. Every success of a smart city is always the result of a unique combination of the most modern technologies, environmental and social initiatives, skillful and consistent management, as well as available human potential. The purpose of the article is to analyze the success factors of smart cities based on the generalization of the results of the most famous ratings. In order to identify the impact of various factors, primarily intellectual, on the success and leadership positions of smart cities, the following ratings were consistently analyzed: Smart City Index (SCI), City in Motion Index (CIMI), Global Power City Index (GPCI), Global Cities Index (GCI), Global Cities Outlook (GCO). They have a different list of indicators and main pillars (dimensions), but all ratings take into account aspects such as: governance, ICT, mobility, functionality, human capital, etc. The highest correlation coefficient, that is, the strongest linear relationship of the CIMI index was found with such factors as: Human capital, Economy, Governance and Technologies. Summarizing the results of the TOP 20 smart cities according to different ratings allowed us to confirm that the list of leaders is very similar in all ratings. Among those cities that are in the TOP-20 in all five indexes are: London, Sydney and Singapore. There are four indices: New York, Paris, Tokyo, Copenhagen, Berlin, Amsterdam, Melbourne. Achieving leadership positions in smart city rankings is always the result of a combination and synergy of certain factors, and first of all, it is the quality of human capital. The intensity and success of the use of information and communication technologies in locality management processes, city planning and improvement of the city's living conditions depend on it.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.1701-1704
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• 2016

Background: Stomach cancer (SC) is the second leading cause of cancer death with the rate of 10.4% in the world. The correlation between the incidence and mortality rates of SC and human development index (HDI) has not been globally determined. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the association between the incidence and mortality rates of SC and HDI in various regions. Materials and Methods: In this global ecological study, we used the data about the incidence and mortality rate of SC and HDI from the global cancer project and the United Nations Development Programme database, respectively. Results: In 2012, SCs were estimated to have affected a total of 951,594 individuals (crude rate: 13.5 per 100,000 individuals) with a male/female ratio of 1.97, and caused 723,073 deaths worldwide (crude rate: 10.2 per 100,000 individuals). There was a positive correlation between the HDI and both incidence (r=0.28, P<0.05) and mortality rates of SC (r=0.13, P = 0.1) in the world in 2012. Conclusions: The high incidence and mortality rates of SC in countries with high and very high HDI is remarkable which should be the top priority of interventions for global health policymakers. In addition, health programs should be provided to reduce the burden of this disease in the regions with high incidence and mortality rates of SC.