• 한국양식학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.89-96
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• 1994

넙치, paralichthys olivaceus 암컷에서 태반성 성선 자극 호르몬 (HCG, human chorionic gonadotropin) 또는 잉어 뇌하수체(CPE, carp pituitary extract)에 의한 산란 유도가 이루어졌다. 대조군은 실험에 사용된 어류중 $30\%$가 산란하였으며, 주사 후 1일에 $0.4\pm0.2\%$의 체중 증가를 보인 반면 HCG 처리군은 $66.7\%$가 산란하였고 주사 후 2일에 최고 $5.6\pm0.4\%$의 체중 증가를 나타내었으며 이후 주사 후 5일까지 체중이 감소하는 경향을 보였다. CPE 처리군은 $44.4\%$의 어류가 산란하였으며 주사 후 3일에$6.4\pm0.5\%$로 체중이 최고로 증가하였으나, 이후 주사 후 5일까지 체중이 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 총 산란량에 있어 대조군은 주사 후 1일과 2일에 각각 85.2g, 41.9g을 보인 반면 HCG 처리군은 처리 후 3일에 200.7g으로 최대 산란 증가를 보였으며, 주사 후 5일까지 총 산란량이 감소하였다. CPE 처리군 역시 주사 후 3일에 269.4g으로 최대 산란을 보인 이후 주사후 5일까지 산란량이 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 호르몬 주사 후 2일, 3일에서 대조군의 부상율과 부화율은 각각 $35\%,\;13\%$ 및 $33\%,\; 20\%$를 나타내었다. HCG 처리군은 주사 후 1일에서 4일까지 부상율 $37\~88\%$, 부화율 $18\~61\%$를 나타내었으며, CPE 처리군은 주사 후 2일에서 4일까지 부상율 $36\~93\%$, 부화율 $35\~76\%$를 나타내었다. 호르몬 처리시의 체중 증가와 부상율, 부화율을 고려하면 HCG는 처리 후 2일 혹은 3일에 CPE는 처리 후 3일 혹은 4일에 최상의 난질 획득이 가능하리라 사료된다.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.197-204
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• 1999

Successful produciton of seedlings for marine fish species are highly influenced by the aquisiton of sufficient number of good-quality eggs on required time. human chorionic gonadotropin has been used to induce successful ovulation for the purpose. Rabbitfish, siganus canaliculatus, is inhabited along the coast of Cheju Province and treated valuably for raw fish and fish roasted with seasoning. Female wild-captured rabbitfish (314 to 279 g in body weigth) were injected into intraperitoneal space with human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) of 5,00,1,000, and 1,500 IU/kg body weight during spawning season of July 14 (trial 1), and July 27 (trial 2). Test fish in trial 1 were injected two times, first on July 14 and second on July 21 with one weekinterval because of no ovulation symptoms, but just one time in trial 2. All females injected both 1,000 and 1,500 IU/kg body weight ovulated in all trials. Among 500 IU/kg injection treatments, just one female ovulated in trial 1 showing 25% of ovulation rate, but none ovulated in trial 2. Ovulation was not occurred in control goups during test period. Time to reach ovulation after injection was 172 to 270 hours in trial 1 and 77 to 132 hours in trial 2, showing shorter as spawning season approached. Generally, ovulation of smaller females were late than that of larger ones. Gonadosomatic index (GSI) and pseudo-gonadosomatic index (Pseudo-GSI) were ranged 22 to 33% and 19 to 28%, respectively. One female spawned 406,200 to 1,032,000 eggs, and obtainable eggs per 100g of body weight were calculated by 130,000 to 190,000. Spawning rates were comparatively high by 96.0 to 98.4%. Rates to reach embryo-formation and hatching were higher in 500 high by 96.0 to 98.4%. Rates to reach embryo-formation and hatching were higher in 500 and 1,000 IU/kg treatments than in 1,500 IU/kg treatment. The result of present study demontrates that HCG treatment during spawning season could become very useful for ovulation of rabbitfish and the suitable dosage was suggested as 1,000 IU/kg of body weight.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.155-163
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• 2018

This study aimed to investigate changes in the activity and mRNA expression of plasminogen activators (PAs) induced by $17{\beta}$-estradiol ($E_2$), human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), and interleukin-$1{\beta}$ ($IL-1{\beta}$) in porcine endometrial cells. Endometrial cells were isolated from the epithelium and cultured to 80% confluence. They were then treated for 24 h with $E_2$ (0.2, 2, 20, and 200 ng/mL), $IL-1{\beta}$ (0.1, 1, 10, and 100 ng/mL), and hCG (0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 IU/mL). mRNA expressions of urokinase-type (uPA) and tissue-type (tPA) PAs were analyzed using reverse transcription PCR, and activities were measured using a PA activity assay. mRNA expressions of uPA and tPA increased with $E_2$ treatment; however, this was not significant. Similarly, treatment with hCG did not influence the mRNA expressions of PAs. Interestingly, treatment with 0.1 ng/mL $IL-1{\beta}$ significantly reduced the mRNA expression of uPA, but did not affect that of tPA. Treatment with 2, 20, and 200 ng/mL $E_2$ increased PA activity compared with the control group; treatment with 0.1 and 1 ng/mL $IL-1{\beta}$ significantly increased PA activity compared with the other $IL-1{\beta}$ treatment groups, whereas treatment with 10 and 100 ng/mL $IL-1{\beta}$ decreased. Treatment with 2 IU/mL hCG increased PA activity compared with the other treatment groups, although there were no significant differences between the hCG and control groups. In conclusion, the activity and mRNA expression of PAs were differently regulated by the hormone/cytokine and its concentration in porcine endometrial cells. Therefore, understanding PA regulatory mechanisms may help to improve the reproductive potential of domestic animals.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.135-141
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• 2022

Objective: This study investigated the impact of two stimulation protocols using highly purified human menopausal gonadotropin (HP-hMG) on the endocrine profile, follicular fluid soluble Fas levels, and outcomes of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles. Methods: This prospective clinical trial included 100 normal-responder women undergoing ovarian stimulation for ICSI; 55 patients received concomitant follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) plus HP-hMG from the start of stimulation, while 45 patients received FSH followed by HP-hMG during mid/late follicular stimulation. The primary outcome was the number of top-quality embryos. The secondary outcomes were the number and percentage of metaphase II (MII) oocytes and the clinical pregnancy rate. Results: The number of MII oocytes was significantly higher in the concomitant protocol (median, 13.0; interquartile range [IQR], 8.5-18.0 vs. 9.0 [8.0-13.0] in the consecutive protocol; p=0.009); however, the percentage of MII oocytes and the fertilization rate were significantly higher in the consecutive protocol (median, 90.91; IQR, 80.0-100.0 vs. 83.33 [75.0-93.8]; p=0.034 and median, 86.67; IQR, 76.9-100.0 vs. 77.78 [66.7-89.9]; p=0.028, respectively). No significant between-group differences were found in top-quality embryos (p=0.693) or the clinical pregnancy rate (65.9% vs. 61.8% in the consecutive vs. concomitant protocol, respectively). The median follicular fluid soluble Fas antigen level was significantly higher in the concomitant protocol (9,731.0 pg/mL; IQR, 6,004.5-10,807.6 vs. 6,350.2 pg/mL; IQR, 4,382.4-9,418.4; p=0.021). Conclusion: Personalized controlled ovarian stimulation using HP-hMG during the late follicular phase led to a significantly lower response, but did not affect the quality of ICSI.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2005년도 생물공학의 동향(XVI)
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• pp.37-37
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• 2005

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a heterodimeric glycoprotein hormone consisting of non-covalently linked two subunits, the ${\alpha}$ and ${\beta}$ subunit. It has been used as a infertility drug for ovulation to mimic luteinizing hormone $(LH).^{1)}$ A stable cell line was established by transfection of Rc/CMV-i-dhfr-hCG, expression vector containing hCG ${\alpha}-$ and ${\beta}-genes$, into dihydrofolate reductase-deficient CHO cells and subesquent methotrexate-mediated gene amplification. Anchorage-dependent CHO cells were adapted into a serum-free and/or animal component-free suspension medium through gradual serum weaning for the hCG production. The established cell line showed typical morphological characteristics and growth profile of CHO cells, and could produce FSH with passage-to-passage consistency. The high density perfusion culture of the CHO cells was carried out in Celligen Plus bioreactor equipped with a spin-filter as a internal cell retention device. The cell density reached up to $>1x10^{7}$ cells/ml in less than 7 days and a perfusion-control strategy based on cellular consumption rates of glucose was $established.^{2)}$ Biologically active recombinant hCG was purified by a series of chromatographic steps including anion exchange chromatography and hydrophobic interaction chromatography to homogeneity. The highly purified recombinant hCG was characterized for physicochemical, immunological and biological properties.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.51-62
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• 1988

hCG로 면역화된 생쥐의 비장세포와 골수종양세포(SP 2/0 Ag14)를 융합하여 hCG에 대한 단일클론항체를 생산하는 잡종세포(hybridoma)를 얻었다. 생산된 면역글로부린 type과 titer 그리고 면역분석법 이용시 감도 등을 조사함으로써 그 특성을 조사하였다. 배지나 복수내에 존재하는 항체를 순수분리 정제하기 위하여 gel-filtration, DEAE-ion exchange chromatography, 그리고 affinity chromatography 원리에 의한 방법 등을 사용하여 전기영동(SDS-PAGE)으로 순수도를 조사함으로 상호 비교하였다. 또한 hCG의 정량을 위하여 항체를 plastic tube에 피복시킨 것과 화학발광체로 표지된 항체를 이용한 소위 two-site immunochemiluminometric assay(ICMA)를 개발하여 생산된 항체의 이용가능성을 제시하였다.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.25-30
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• 1990

차넬메기(Ictalurus punctatus)는 전 세계적으로 중요한 양식어종이나 우리나라의 경우 대량산란이 이루어지지 않아 아직 양식 대상종으로 각광받지 못하고 있다. 본 연구는 차넬메기를 염색체공학 기법을 이용, 배수체를 생산하기 위한 일환으로 온도자극과 호르몬처리를 통해 산란을 유도하였다. 그 결과 처리하지 않은 군은 산란하지 않은 반면 온도자극시, $24^{\circ}C$로 부터 $30^{\circ}C$로 $6^{\circ}C$를 증가시킨 군이 $24^{\circ}C$ 부터 $27^{\circ}C$까지 온도를 증가시킨 군보다 약 4배 정도의 높은 산란유도율을 보였다. 본 실험에 사용된 호르몬 중 잉어뇌하수체를 어체중 1 kg당 4.4mg의 농토로 1$\~$3회 주사한 군은 $78.6\%$의 산란유도율을 보였고, human chorionic gonadotropin을 어체중 1kg당 1,100 IU의 농도로 1$\~$3회 주사한 군은 $66.6\%$의 산란유도율을 나타내었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.5037-5041
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• 2015

Background: An hCG regression curve has been used to predict the natural history and response to chemotherapy in gestational trophoblastic disease. We constructed hCG regression curves in high-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) treated with EMA/CO and identified an optimal hCG level to detect EMA/CO resistance in GTN. Materials and Methods: Eighty-one women with GTN treated with EMA/CO were classified as primary high-risk GTN (n = 65) and single agent-resistance GTN (n = 16). The hCG levels prior to each course of chemotherapy were plotted in the 10th, 50th, and 90th percentiles to construct the hCG regression curves. Diagnostic performance was evaluated for an optimal cut-off value. Results: The median hCG levels were 264,482 mIU/mL mIU/mL and 495.5 mIU/mL mIU/mL for primary high-risk GTN and single agent-resistance GTN, respectively. The 50th percentile of the hCG level in primary high-risk GTN and single agent-resistance turned to normal before the 4th and the 2nd course of chemotherapy, respectively. The 90th percentile of the hCG level in primary high-risk GTN and single agent-resistance turned to normal before the 9th and the 2nd course of chemotherapy, respectively. The hCG level of ${\geq}118.6mIU/mL$ mIU/mL at the 5thcourse of EMA/CO predicted the EMA/CO resistance in primary high-risk GTN patients with a sensitivity of 85.7% and a specificity of 100%. Conclusion: EMA/CO resistance in primary high-risk GTN can be predicted by using an hCG regression curve in combination with the cut-off value of 118.6 mIU/mL at the 5thcourse of chemotherapy.

• Obstetrics & gynecology science
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• 제61권6호
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• pp.669-674
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• 2018

Objective This study aimed to develop a nomogram that predicts ongoing pregnancy after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) using patient age and serum hormonal markers. Methods A total of 284 IVF-ET cycles were retrospectively analyzed. At 14 days post-oocyte pick-up (OPU), the serum human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and progesterone levels were measured. The main predicted outcome was ongoing pregnancy. Results Patient age and serum of HCG and progesterone levels at 14 days post-OPU were good predictors of ongoing pregnancy. The cut-off value and area under the curve (AUC) (95% confidence interval) were 36.5 years and 0.666 (0.599-0.733), respectively, for patient age; 67.8 mIU/mL and 0.969 (0.951-0.987), respectively, for serum HCG level; and 29.8 ng/mL and 0.883 (0.840-0.925), respectively, for serum progesterone level. When the prediction model was constructed using these three parameters, the addition of serum progesterone level to the prediction model did not increase its overall predictability. Furthermore, a high linear co-relationship was found between serum HCG and progesterone levels. Therefore, we developed a new nomogram using patient age and HCG serum level only. The AUC of the newly developed nomogram for predicting ongoing pregnancy after IVF-ET cycles using patient age and serum HCG level was as high as 0.975. Conclusion We showed that ongoing pregnancy may be predicted using only patient age and HCG serum level. Our nomogram could help clinicians and patients predict ongoing pregnancy after IVF-ET if the serum JCG level was ${\geq}5IU/L$ at 14 days post-OPU.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.1007-1020
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• 2024

Objective: We increased the nuclear maturation rate of antral follicle derived oocytes by using a pre-in vitro maturation (IVM) culture system and improved the developmental potential of these porcine pathenotes by supplementing with melatonin. Furthermore, we investigated the expression patterns of genes involved in cumulus expansion (HAS2, PTGS2, TNFAIP6, and PTX3) derived from small and medium antral follicles before and after oocyte maturation. Methods: Only the cumulus oocyte-complexes (COCs) derived from small antral follicles were induced with [Pre-SF(+)hCG] or without [Pre-SF(-)hCG] the addition of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) during the last 7 h of the pre-IVM period before undergoing the regular culture system. The mature oocytes were investigated on embryonic development after parthenogenetic activation (PA). Melatonin (10^-7 M) was supplemented during in vitro culture (IVC) to improve the developmental potential of these porcine pathenotes. Results: A pre-IVM culture system with hCG added during the last 7 h of the pre-IVM period [Pre-SF(+)hCG] effectively supported small antral follicle-derived oocytes and increased their nuclear maturation rate. The oocytes derived from medium antral follicles exhibited the highest nuclear maturation rate in a regular culture system. Compared with oocytes cultured in a regular culture system, those cultured in the pre-IVM culture system exhibited considerable overexpression of HAS2, PTGS2, and TNFAIP6. Porcine embryos treated with melatonin during IVC exhibited markedly improved quality and developmental competence after PA. Notably, melatonin supplementation during the IVM period can reduce and increase the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH), respectively. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that the Pre-SF(+)hCG culture system increases the nuclear maturation rate of small antral follicle-derived oocytes and the expression of genes involved in cumulus expansion. Melatonin supplementation during IVC may improve the quality and increase the blastocyst formation rate of porcine embryos. In addition, it can reduce and increase the levels of ROS and GSH, respectively, in mature oocytes, thus affecting subsequent embryos.