• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제66권3호
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• pp.178-185
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• 2009

연구배경: 암세포는 빠른 증식 속도로 인하여 상대적인 저산소증에 노출되면서 비정상적인 종양 혈관을 형성하여 치명적인 병인을 형성한다. EGCG는 녹차의 추출물로 간세포암주 및 전립선암주에서 HIF-1$\alpha$의 발현을 억제하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 EGCG의 비혈관 증식성 효과에 대해서는 아직 정확히 규명되어 있지 않다. 본 연구에서는 EGCG가 비소세포폐암주에서 HIF-1$\alpha$ 및 VEGF의 발현에 대한 억제 가능성을 확인하여 보고자 하였다. 방 법: 비소세포폐암주인 A549를 RPMI배지에서 계대 배양하였다. 저산소 유사 상태는 Modular Incubator Chamber (MIC-101)을 이용하였고 5% 이산화탄소와 95% 질소 혼합 가스를 5분 동안 공급하여 저산소 상태를 만들었으며 세포 배양액을 채취하여 혈액가스분석기(Blood Gas Analyzer ABL725)로 세포 배양 상태를 측정하였다. 세포의 증식 상태는 MTT 방법을 실시하였다. EGCG는 0, 12.5, 25, 50,100 ${\mu}mol/L$로 농도 변화를 주어 실험을 시행하였으며 16시간 동안 저산소 상태를 만든 뒤 HIF-1$\alpha$, VEGF, $\beta$-actin mRNA에 대해 Real time PCR을 시행하였다. 결 과: 48시간과 72시간에서 저산소 상태에 놓인 A549 세포의 증식능력은 대조군에 비하여 억제되었다. EGCG 는 저산소화에 의해 유도된 HIF-1$\alpha$의 mRNA의 전사를 유의하게 억제하였다. 그러나 이러한 억제 효과는 VRGF mRNA 발현에는 미치지 못하였다. 결 론: EGCG는 HIF-1$\alpha$의 발현을 억제함으로써 비소세포암주에서의 예방적 항암요법이나 항암 치료요법 시의 주요 작용 목표로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.867-882
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• 1997

Safflower(Carthamus tinctorius $Linn\acute{e}$ has been traditionally used for the treatment of blood stasis, and Dipsasi Radix has been used as a drug for fracture in Chinese medicine. The purpose of present study was to examine the biologic effects of safflower extract and Disasi radix extracts on the periodontal. ligament cells and osteoblastic cells and on the wound healing of rat calvarial defect. The ethanolic extract of safflower blossom, safflower seed and Dipsasi Radix(125, 250, and 500 ${\mu}g/ml$) were prepared as test group, and PDGF-BB(lOng/ml) and unsafonifiable fraction of Zea Mays L.(125, 250, and 500 ${\mu}g/ml$) were employed as positive control. The effects of each agents on the growth and survival, ALPase activity, expression of PDGF-BB receptor, chemotactic response of PDL cell and ATCC human osteosarcoma MG63 cells in vitro were examined. The tissue regenerative effect of each extracts was evaluated by histomorphometric measuring of newly formed bone on the 8mm defect in rat calvaria after oral administration of 3 different dosages groups : 0.02, 0.1 and 0.35g/kg, per day. It was also employed the same dosages of unsaponifiable fraction of Zea Mays L. as positive controls. Safflower blossom extract, safflower seed extract, and Dipsasi Radix extract stimulate the cellular activity of MG63 cells in concentration range of $125-500{\mu}g/ml$, and safflower bolssom extract and safflower seed extract stimulate also the cellular activity of periodontal ligament cells in concentration range of $250-500{\mu}g/ml$. In activity of ALPase, $250-500{\mu}g/ml$ of safflower blossom extracts showed significant stimulating effects on MG63 cells, and the same concentration range of safflower seed extracts showed significant effect on periodontal ligament cells. In the recovery on PDGF-BB receptor expression which was depressed by $IL-1{\beta}$, $125-250{\mu}g/ml$ of safflower blossom extracts and $250-500{\mu}g/ml$ of safflower seed extracts showed significant increasing effect on MG63 cells, and $500{\mu}g/ml$ of safflower blossom extract and $250-500{\mu}g/ml$ of safflower seed extracts showed significant effect on periodontal ligament cells. In chemotactic response, among all tested group, safflower seed extracts only were chemotactic to MG63 cells and periodontal ligament cells in concentration range of $125-500{\mu}g/ml$. Also in the view of bone regeneration in rat calvarial defect model, the only group that was orally administrated 0.35g/kg, day of safflower seed extract showed significant new bone formation. These results suggested that safflower extracts might have a potential possibilities as an useful drug for adjunct to treatment for regeneration of periodontal defect.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.107-115
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• 1968

Number of aspects, not only nutritional but social as well as political involved in human starvation pose nowadays global problems. In order to help establish the minimum nutritional requirements in the daily life of a man and to free people as well from either undernourishment, malnutrition or even starvation many workers have devoted themselves so far on the research programs to know what and how number of metabolic events take place in animals in vivo. It is the purpose of the present paper to examine in effect to what extent both of the protein and nucleic acids (DNA & RNA) together with an enzyme, guanine deaminase, which converts guanine into xanthine and in turn ends up to uric acid as an end product, undergo changes, quantitatively during acute starvation, using the mouse as an experimental animal. The mouse was strictly inhibited from taking foods except drinking water ad libitum and was sacriflced 24, 48, and 72 hours following starvation thus acutely induced. The animals consisted of two experimental groups, one control and another starvation groups, each being consisted of 6-24 mice of whose body weights ranged in the vicinity of 10 g. The animals were sacriflced by a blow on the head, followed by immediate excision of their livers into ice-cold distilled water, washing adherent blood and other contaminant tissues. The liver was minced foramin, by an all-glass homogenizer immersing it in an ice-bath, followed by subsequent fractionatin of the homogenate (10% W/V in 0.25M sucrose solution made up with 0.05M phosphate buffer of pH 7.4). For the liver protein and guanine deaminase assay, the 10% homogenate was centrifuged at 600 x g for 10 minutes to eliminate the nuclear fraction; and for the estimation of DNA and RNA, the homogenate was prepared by the addition of 10% trichloroacetic acid in order to free the homogenate from the acid-soluble fraction, the remaining residue being delipidate by the addition of alcohol and dried in vacuo for later KOH (IN) hydrolysis. The changes in body and liver wegihts during acute starvation were checked gravimetrically. Protein contents in the liver were monitored by the method of Lowry et al; and guanine deaminase activities were followed by the assay of liberated ammonia from the substrate utilizing the Caraway's colorimetry. The extraction of both DNA and RNA was performed by the Schmidt-Thannhauser's method, which was followed by Marmur's method of purification for DNA and by Chargaff's method of purification for RNA. The determinations of both DNA and RNA were carried out by the diphenylamine reaction for the former and by the orcinol reaction for the latter. The following resume was the results of the present work. 1. It was observed that the body as well as liver weights fall abruptly during starvation, and that the loss of body weight showed no statistical correlation with the decreases in the content of liver protein. 2. The content of liver protein and activity of liver guanine deaminase activity as well decline dramatically, and the specific activities of the enzyme (activity/protein), however, decreased gradually as starvation proceeded. 3. Both of the nucleic acids, DNA and RNA, showed decrements in the liver of mouse during acute starvation; the latter, however, being more striking in the decline as compared to the former. 4. The decreases in the liver protein content as resulted from the acute starvation had no statistically significant correlation with the decrements of DNA in the same tissue, but had regressed with a significant statistical correlation with the fall of RNA in the tissue. 5. The decrease in the activity of guanine deaminase in the liver of mouse during acute starvation was functionally more proportional to the decrease in RNA than DNA, and moreover correlated with the changes in the content of the liver protein. 6. The possible mechanisms involved during in this acute starvation as bring the decreases in the contents of DNA, protein, and guanine deaminase were discussed briefly.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.102-110
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• 2000

목 적 : 고농도 인알부민은 신증후군성 부종의 치료에 효과적으로 사용되어 왔으나 고혈압, 심부전등의 위험이 있고 알부민 투여에 따른 고단백 부하가 병적인 사구체 상피세포의 손상을 가중시켜 신증후군의 임상적 경과에 나쁜 영향을 끼칠 수 있는 것으로 보고되었다. 이에 저자들은 신증후군 환아에서 인알부민 투여가 신증후군의 임상 결과에 미치는 영향을 관찰하기 위하여 전향적인 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 1997년 3월부터 1999년 9월까지 이화의대 부속 목동병원 소아과에 신증후군으로 입원한 환아중 신조직 검사상 미세변화형이었으나 재발하였거나 임상적으로 미세변화형에 합당하였던 환아에게 무작위로 20$\%$ 알부민 1 g/kg과 furosemide 2 mg/kg를 1-3일간 정맥 투여하였다. 이중 표준 스테로이드 치료(prednisolone 2 mg/kg 또는 calcort-한독약품 2.4 mg/kg)에 8주 내에 반응을 보이고 1년 이상 추적 관찰이 가능했던 스테로이드 반응성 신증후군 환아 26명 (알부민 투여군 13명, 대조군 13명)을 대상으로 임상경과를 비교하였다. 결 과 : 1) 완전 관해까지의 스테로이드 치료기간은 알부민 투여군에서 $13.7{\pm}6.4$일의 대조군의 $7.5{\pm}2.8$일보다 유의하게 길었다 (P<0.05). 2) 첫 재발까지의 기간은 알부민 투여군에서 $94{\pm}63.5$일로 대조군의 $190{\pm}106.4$일에 비하여 유의하게 짧았다 (P<0.05). 완전 관해후 1년내 재발율은 알부민 투여군에서 77$\%$ (10/13)로 대조군의 46$\%$(6/13)보다 높았으나 두군간에 유의한 차이는 없었다 (P>0.05). 완전 관해후 1년간 재발 횟수는 알부민 투여군이 $1.9{\pm}0.8$회로 대조군의 $1.5{\pm}0.5$회와 유의한 차이는 없었다 (P>0.05). 3) 일회뇨단백/크레아티닌 비는 알부민 투여군에서 투여 후 2, 4일에 유의하게 증가하였다 (P<0.05). 4) 일일체중감소, 혈압, 혈청 Na, K 농도의 변화에는 두 군간에 유의한 차이가 없었다 (P>0.05). 결 론 : 스테로이드 반응성 신증후군에서 인알부민 투여는 스테로이드에 대한 반응을 지연시키고 첫 재발까지의 기간을 단축시키는등 임상결과를 악화시킬 수도 있으므로 알부민 투여에 신중을 기하여야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.1733-1738
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• 2008

SLC6A18은 neurotransmitter로서 고혈압과 연관성이 보고 되었고, 유전자 내에 총 8개의 minisatellites가 존재함이 밝혀졌다. 본 연구에서 8개 minisatellites 중 가장 높은 heterozygosity를 나타내는 SLC6A18-MS5 영역에 대하여 생물정보학적 방법으로 Transfac software를 이용하여 transcription factor binding site를 분석한 결과, Pax4와 HNF4의 binding site를 발견하였다. HNF4는 당뇨병 대사에 관여하는 것으로 고혈압과의 연관성이 있을 것으로 사료된다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 SLC6A18-MS5 영역과 고혈압과의 연관성을 조사하기 위하여, 대조군 301명과 고혈압 환자군 184명의 genomic DNA를 이용하여 대립형질의 패턴을 조사하였다. SLC6A18-MS5의 대립형질 분포와 고혈압은 직접적인 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 반면 높은 heterozygosity를 나타내는 SLC6A18-MS5에 친자확인 및 DNA typing 마커로서의 유용성을 알아보기 위해 20가족의 샘플을 이용하여, 감수분열 후 자손에의 분리 형태를 조사한 결과 부모에게서 자손으로 정확히 전달되는 멘델의 법칙에 의해 분리됨을 확인하였다. 또한 SLC6A18 유전자 내의 minisatellites들의 진화적 관계를 조사한 결과, 인간과 원숭이에서만 보존적으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 intron영역의 minisatellites 분석이 영장류의 비암호화 영역의 중요한 진화 마커로 사용될 수 있음을 나타내어, 영장류 특이적 진화를 이해하는데 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.79-89
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• 2001

배분화과정시 나타나는 $Ca^{2+}$ 변화에 미치는 $E_2$의 영향을 알아보고자 whole cell voltage clamp 기법, 방사선 등위원소 면역측정법, 그리고 공초점 현미경을 통하여 $E_2$처리 후 나타나는 $Ca^{2+}$ 전류 변화 및 세포내 $Ca^{2+}$ 농도 변화를 조사하였다. 생쥐의 미성숙 난자는 난소의 난포를 천자하고, 배란난자는 과배란 처리 후 난관에서 회수하였다. 수정란은 과배란 처리 후 수컷 생쥐와 교미를 유도한 후 각각의 단계에 맞는 수정란을 채란하였다. 혈중 $E_2$의 농도는 심장을 천자하여 혈액을 채취한 후 배발달 단계와 호르몬 처리 시간이 일치하는 혈액만을 사용하였다. 본 실험의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. $E_2$처리시 미성숙난자의 제 1극체 형성률 (성숙의 지표)은 $E_2$를 처리하지 않은 난자(83% : 83/100)보다 $E_2$를 처리한 난자 (94%, 94/100)에서 유의적 (P<0.05)으로 높게 나타났다. 2. $E_2$를 처리하였을 때 $Ca^{2+}$ 내향전류의 변화는 -10 mV에서 -1.23$\pm$0.01 nA (n=15)에서 -1.50$\pm$0.03 nA (n=15)로 122% 상승함으로써 유의한 (P<0.05) 변화를 보였다. 3. $E_2$를 처리하지 않은 난자 및 수정란을 1로 한 후 $E_2$를 처리한 난자 및 수정란의 변화를 상대적인 값으로 표시하였다. $E_2$처리한 난자는 1.22$\pm$0.17 (n=10), $E_2$처리한 전핵배는 1.20$\pm$0.14 (n=10), $E_2$처리한 2세포기배는 1.07$\pm$0.01 (n=10), 4세포기배는 1.05$\pm$0.09 (n=10)를 나타냄으로써 수정란의 단계마다 $E_2$의 반응 결과가 차이가 남을 알 수 있었다. 4. $E_2$농도 곡선에서 PMSG 처리 후 $E_2$의 혈중농도는 계속적인 상승을 보이다가 배란시기에 최고치를 나타내었으며, 배란 후 다시 감소하여 8세포기에서는 급격한 감소현상이 나타났다. 이후 다시 상실기를 거쳐 배반포기 임신기간동안 $E_2$의 농도가 상승하였다. 5. $E_2$처리 후 세포내 $Ca^{2+}$ 농도변화의 결과로, $E_2$를 처리하지 않은 난자들의 세포내 $Ca^{2+}$ 농도는 836.4$\pm$131.2 (n=10), $E_2$를 처리한 난자들은 1736.4$\pm$192.0 (n=10)로써 유의한 (P<0.05) 차이를 보였다. 이상의 결과로부터 $E_2$처리에 의한 세포내 $Ca^{2+}$ 농도 상승은 $E_2$가 $Ca^{2+}$ 통로를 자극함으로써 세포바깥의 $Ca^{2+}$이 세포안으로 이동하여 나타나는 변화로 생각된다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.1129-1136
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• 2005

The writer reports the conclusions gained from study about the cause of the hypersensitive large intestine syndrome with Dongeuibogam as the central figure through researching the disharmony among Body Essence, Vital Energy, Mentality, and Blood, mutual action of five viscera and six bowels, and external shapes. The hypersensitive large intestine syndrome is generally chronic and recurred in many cases, so it is more efficacious than symptomatic to treat according to find the contradictions of individual shapes. The shapes and cases suffering frequently the hypersensitive large intestine syndrome are Gi-kwa and Sin-kwa, having a long nose, having a bruised spot on Triple warmer, man with inclined mouth, Taeeum type, man with congested fluids, man with colic symptoms. The hypersensitive large intestine syndrome in Oriental medicine is recognized of diarrhea, constipation, abdominal pain, abdominal distention and fullness caused by seven emotions. In Dongeuibogam it can be found out the similarity in depressive symptoms due to disorder of Gi, stagnation of Gi, dysphasia due to disorder of Gi, diarrhea due to disorder of Gi, fullness of due to Gi, diarrhea due to phlegm-retention, retention of undigested food, immoderate drinking, hypo-function of the spleen, or deficiency, abdominal pain from colic symptom, and difficulty in defecation and urination, internal injury, diarrhea due to weakness and fatigue. If the Jung, Gi, Sin, and Hyul composed the human body is broken harmony, the function of large intestinal transmission would be fallen, so similar symptoms like the hypersensitive large intestine syndrome are gotten. Especially Gi-kwa suffers diarrhea, constipation abdominal pain, and abdominal distention and fullness due to depressive symptoms from disorder of Seven emotions or Seven Gi. And Sin-kwa suffers from the hypersensitive large intestine syndrome due to emotional restlessness having an influence on rhythmic movement of abdomen. Examining between five viscera and six bowels and the hypersensitive large intestine syndrome, Liver cannot disperse well having influence on mutual relation of Liver-Large intestine, Heart reduces the function of defecation and urination not to control the seven emotions, Lung having exterior and interior relation with intestine has an influence on primordial energy and let the main symptoms occur, Spleen circulating the body fluid let the main symptoms occur due to malfunction of circulation, Kidney locating in lower part of the body has deep connection with intestine, so let the disorder. Urinary bladder is connected with intestine in moisture metabolism, Stomach is connected in receive and transmission, Small intestine is connected in absorption and excretion, from small intestine pain disturbing the abdominal movement, Samcho managing the catharsis of lower heater if declined its function causes the hypersensitive large intestine syndrome. The colic symptoms of Front private parts which disorder in lower abdomen give rise to abdominal pains, difficulty in defecation and urination due to Cold are similar to the hypersensitive large intestine syndrome. The treatments of applying the shapes of colic syndrome advocated by Master Park can be efficacious cure in clinic. Researching after the clinical cases of Master Park advocating Hyungsang medicine, we came to know that plenty of prescriptions of internal injury are applied and take good effects.

• 분석과학
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.199-210
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• 2004

Amberite XAD-16 다공성 수지에 4,5-dihydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid (chromotropic acid, CTA)를 화학적으로 결합시켜 XAD-16-CTA형 새로운 킬레이트 수지를 합성하고, 적외선분광법과 원소분석법으로 확인하였다. 이 킬레이트 수지에 대한 금속마감 산업과 관련 있는 9개 금속이온을 포함하는 Cr(III) 및 Cr(VI) 이온들의 흡착 및 탈착 특성을 뱃치법과 용리법으로 조사하였다. XAD-16-CTA 킬레이트수지는 1~5 M의 HCl, $HNO_3$ 및 NaOH 등의 산과 염기 용액에서 매우 안정하였다. pH 2에서 Cr(VI) 이온과 Cr(III) 이온이 공존하는 혼합용액으로부터 Cr(VI) 이온만을 선택적으로 분리할 수 있음을 확인하였으며, Cr(VI)의 최대 흡착용량은 1.2 mmol/g 이었다. 또한 Cr(VI) 이온의 흡착에 미치는 공존 음이온의 영향을 검토한 결과 음이온인 $F^-$, $SO{_4}^{2-}$, $CN^-$, $CH_3COO^-$, $NO{_3}^-$ 이온은 흡착율을 감소시켰으며, $PO{_4}^{3-}$와 $Cl^-$는 흡착에 큰 영향을 미치지 않았다. pH 2에서 킬레이트 수지에 의한 돌파점용량과 총괄용량으로부터 얻은 금속이온의 용리순서는 Cr(VI)>Sn(II)>Fe(III)>Cu(II)>Cd(II)${\simeq}Pb(II){\simeq}Cr(III){\simeq}Mn(II){\simeq}Ni(II){\simeq}Al(III)$이었다. 한편 $HNO_3$, HCl 및 $H_2SO_4$ 등의 탈착제에 의한 Cr(VI) 이온의 탈착특성을 조사한 결과 3 M HCl에서 높은 탈착효율을 나타내었다. 결과적으로, XAD-16-CTA 킬레이트 수지는 여러 가지 금속이온이 혼합된 금속마감산업 인공폐액 중 Cr(VI) 이온의 선택적 분리, 농축 및 회수에 매우 유용함을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.447-453
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• 1986

To diagnose the typhoid fever rapidly and accurately in clinically suspected patients, the levels of IgG subclass antibody were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). With symptom, blood culture and agglutination test, tested persons were categorized into 6 groups as typhoid fever, FUO, paratyphi A or B, other bacterial infctions, cancers, and control. ELISA was performed on the polyvinyl chloride plates coated with killed whole cell($10^8\;cell/ml$) of S. typhi 0901W by poly-L-lysine applied as binding substance (and polyvinyl chloride as solid phase). The distribution of the level of IgG subclass antibodies in each group was analyzed and compared with other groups. The results obtained were summarized as follow: 1. The optimal dilution of the sera from patients with typhoid fever was 1:160, and those of the sheep anti-human IgG subclass and the peroxidase conjugated rabbit anti-sheep IgG were 1:4000 and 1:5000, respectively. 2. The absorbance levels of IgG subclass in the sera of typhoid fever patients were as follows; a) IgG1 value is $0.439{\pm}0.110$ b) IgG2 value is $0.416{\pm}0.165$ c) IgG3 value is $0.449{\pm}0.145$ d) IgG4 value is $0.525{\pm}0.154$ IgG subclass levels in the sera of typhoid patients were much higher than in control group and patient with paratyphi A or B as well as other infectious diseases. The sensitivity and the specificity in differential diagnosis of typhoid fever and other febrile diseases were 92% and 79% in the assay of IgG1 respectively, whereas those in the assay of IgG2 were 97% and 72%, respectively (above absorbance 0.3). 3. The absorbance levels of IgG subclass in the serial sera of typhiod fever patients tend to decrease to the level of absorbance 0.3 in 10 months from the onset of illness. 4. The order of absorbance levels of IgG subclass in the serum of each group were typhoid fever, paratyphi A or B, other infectious diseases, control and cancer. 5. For the serodiagnosis of typhoid fever against other febrile diseases, the sensitivity and the specificity in the assay of IgG2 activity were 76% and 93% in absorbance 0.4, respectively. 6. In the distribution of the level of each IgG subclass in the sera of FUO patients which were suspected of typhoid fever, the positive rate was ranged from 36% to 82%. This suggest that more than 50% of FUO patients are caused by S. typhi.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.150-157
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• 2002

One of the latest concepts in bonding are "total etch", in which both enamel and dentin are etched with an acid to remove the smear layers, and "wet dentin" in which the dentin is not dry but left moist before application of the bonding primer Ideally the application of a bonding agent to tooth structure should be insensitive to minor contamination from oral fluids. Clinically, contaminations such as saliva, gingival fluid, blood and handpiece lubricant are often encountered by dentists during cavity preparation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of contamination by hemostatic agents on shear bond strength of compomer restorations. One hundred and ten extracted human maxillary and mandibular molar teeth were collected. The teeth were removed soft tissue remnant and debris and stored in physiologic solution until they were used. Small flat area on dentin of the buccal surface were wet ground serially with 400, 800 and 1200 abrasive papers on automatic polishing machine. The teeth were randomly divided into 11 groups. Each group was conditioned as follows : Group 1: Dentin surface was not etched and not contaminated by hemostatic agents. Group 2: Dentin surface was not etched but was contaminated by Astringedent$^{\circledR}$(Ultradent product Inc., Utah, U.S.A.) Group 3: Dentin surface was not etched but was contaminated by Bosmin$^{\circledR}$(Jeil Pharm, Korea.). Group 4: Dentin surface was not etched but was contaminated by Epri-dent$^{\circledR}$(Epr Industries, NJ, U.S.A.). Group 5: Dentin surface was etched and not contaminated by hemostatic agents. Group 6: Dentin sorface was etched and contaminated by Astringedent$^{\circledR}$. Group 7 : Dentin surface was etched and contaminated by Bosmin$^{\circledR}$. Group 8: Dentin surface was etched and contaminated by Epri-dent$^{\circledR}$. Group 9: Dentin surface was contaminated by Astringedent$^{\circledR}$. The contaminated surface was rinsed by water and dried by compressed air. Group 10: Dentin surface was contaminated by Bosmin$^{\circledR}$. The contaminated surface was rinsed by water and dried by compressed air. Group 11 : Dentin surface was contaminated by Epri-dent$^{\circledR}$. The contaminated surface was rinsed by water and dried by compressed air. After surface conditioning, F2000$^{\circledR}$ was applicated on the conditoned dentin surface The teeth were thermocycled in distilled water at 5$^{\circ}C$ and 55$^{\circ}C$ for 1,000 cycles. The samples were placed on the binder with the bonded compomer-dentin interface parallel to the knife-edge shearing rod of the Universal Testing Machine(Zwick Z020, Zwick Co., Germany) running at a cross head speed or 1.0 mm/min. Group 2 showed significant decrease in shear bond strength compared with group 1 and group 6 showed significant decrease in shear bond strength compared with group 5. There were no significant differences in shear bond strength between group 5 and group 9, 10 and 11.