• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.419-429
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• 2022

Water accounts for the largest proportion of body weight and is an essential element for the physiological functioning of the human body. According to 2013-2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) data, the average water intake of Koreans was 2,167.3 mL/day and 62% of them did not meet the Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans (KDRIs) for water. However, the consumption of beverages is continuously increasing. KDRIs sets the adequate intake (AI) for water, but tolerable upper intake level (UL) and chronic disease risk reduction intake (CDRR) are not provided. Compared to 2015, the AI of total water from both food and fluids in the 2020 KDRIs slightly increased or decreased according to age. The AI for children 1-2 years old, boys 6-8 years and 9-11 years old, and girls 6-8 years old decreased by 100 mL/day, while that of boys 12-14 years old increased by 100 mL/day. The AI of total water was the sum of the water intake from food and fluids reported by the KNHANES, with an extra milk intake of 200 mL/day. Therefore, it is not appropriate to use the AI of total water intakes for the reference of beverage intakes. It is preferable to consume water or milk rather than beverages containing sugar and others including caffeine, sodium, etc. when drinking fluid water. We suggest the following improvements in the future KDRIs for water: improving the adequacy of the water content ratio of Korean conventional foods, supplementing the fluid water intake survey, reflecting the current water intake status by life cycle, setting KDRIs for water for the elderly considering the physiological changes, health status and dietary habits, and promotion of research on the relationship between water intake and health for Koreans.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.163-173
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• 2022

This study attempted to categorize the lower body torso type and investigated its characteristics for women in their 40s, 50s, and 60s, who increase the frequency of incontinence. This study analyzed the 8th human dimension survey data of Korean Agency for Technology and Standards. The data were analyzed by SPSS 26.0 program. It was analyzed that the height item of the lower body torso decreased, the width item widen as the age increases, and the waist and abdomen circumference of the circumference item increased and the hip circumference decreased. Body length decreased with age. The components of the lower torso were classified into the lower torso horizontal factor, height factor, lower factor, and vertical factor. The lower body torso type was classified into a long inverted triangular body type, a short and high body type, a body fat body type, and a low triangular body type. It was analyzed that type 3 was the largest in the horizontal factor and height factor, and type 1 was the largest in the vertical factor and the lower part factor. A new drafting method was required in setting the horizontal part of the incontinence panty, the front and the back length.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.77-82
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• 2023

The Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs established the FarmMap, an digital map of agricultural land. In this study, using deep learning, we suggest the application of farm map reading to farmland such as paddy fields, fields, ginseng, fruit trees, facilities, and uncultivated land. The farm map is used as spatial information for planting status and drone operation by digitizing agricultural land in the real world using aerial and satellite images. A reading manual has been prepared and updated every year by demarcating the boundaries of agricultural land and reading the attributes. Human reading of agricultural land differs depending on reading ability and experience, and reading errors are difficult to verify in reality because of budget limitations. The farmmap has location information and class information of the corresponding object in the image of 5 types of farmland properties, so the suitable AI technique was tested with ResNet50, an instance segmentation model. The results of attribute reading of agricultural land using deep learning and attribute reading by humans were compared. If technology is developed by focusing on attribute reading that shows different results in the future, it is expected that it will play a big role in reducing attribute errors and improving the accuracy of digital map of agricultural land.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.169-203
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• 2022

As artificial intelligence (AI) technology advances, the number of cases in which AI becomes an object or subject of moral judgment is increasing, and this trend is expected to accelerate. Although the area of AI in human society expands, relatively few studies have been conducted on how people perceive and respond to AI. Three studies examined the effect of the anthropomorphism of AI on its responsibility. We predicted that anthropomorphism would increase the responsibility perception, and perceived agency and perceived patiency for AI would mediate this effect. Although the manipulation was not effective, multiple analyses confirmed the indirect effect of perceived patiency. In contrast, the effect of perceived agency of AI was somewhat mixed, which makes the hypothesis partially supported by the overall result. This result shows that for the moral status of artificial agents, perceived patiency is relatively more critical than perceived agency. These results support the organic perspective on the moral status that argues the importance of patiency, and show that patiency is more important than agency in the anthropomorphism related study of AI and robots.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.1250-1251
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• 2022

Measuring management is an important part of preventing the collapse of retaining walls in advance by evaluating their stability with a variety of measuring instruments. The current work of measuring management requires considerable human and material resources since measurement companies need to install measuring instruments at various places on the retaining wall and visit the construction site to collect measurement data and evaluate the stability of the retaining wall. It was investigated that the applicability of the current work of measuring management is poor at small and medium-sized urban construction sites(excavation depth<10m) where measuring management is not essential. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop a laser sensor-based hardware to support the wall displacement measurements and their control software applicable to small and medium-sized urban construction sites. The 2D lidar sensor, which is more economical than a 3D laser scanner, is applied as element technology. Additionally, the hardware is mounted on the corner strut of the retaining wall, and it collects point cloud data of the retaining wall by rotating the 2D lidar sensor 360° through a servo motor. Point cloud data collected from the hardware can be transmitted through Wi-Fi to a displacement analysis device (notebook). The hardware control software is designed to control the 2D lidar sensor and servo motor in the displacement analysis device by remote access. The process of analyzing the displacement of a retaining wall using the developed hardware and software is as follows: the construction site manager uses the displacement analysis device to 1)collect the initial point cloud data, and after a certain period 2)comparative point cloud data is collected, and 3)the distance between the initial point and comparison point cloud data is calculated in order. As a result of performing an indoor experiment, the analyses show that a displacement of approximately 15 mm can be identified. In the future, the integrated system of the hardware designed here, and the displacement analysis software to be developed can be applied to small and medium-sized urban construction sites through several field experiments. Therefore, effective management of the displacement of the retaining wall is possible in comparison with the current measuring management work in terms of ease of installation, dismantlement, displacement measurement, and economic feasibility.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.1249-1249
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• 2022

The facade, an exterior material of a building, is one of the crucial factors that determine its morphological identity and its functional levels, such as energy performance, earthquake and fire resistance. However, regardless of the type of exterior materials, huge property and human casualties are continuing due to frequent exterior materials dropout accidents. The quality of the building envelope depends on the detailed design and is closely related to the back frames that support the exterior material. Detailed design means the creation of a shop drawing, which is the stage of developing the basic design to a level where construction is possible by specifying the exact necessary details. However, due to chronic problems in the construction industry, such as reducing working hours and the lack of design personnel, detailed design is not being appropriately implemented. Considering these characteristics, it is necessary to develop the detailed design process of exterior materials and works based on the domain-expert knowledge of the construction industry using artificial intelligence (AI). Therefore, this study aims to establish a detailed design automation algorithm for AI-based condition-responsive exterior wall panels and their back frames. The scope of the study is limited to "detailed design" performed based on the working drawings during the exterior work process and "stone panels" among exterior materials. First, working-level data on stone works is collected to analyze the existing detailed design process. After that, design parameters are derived by analyzing factors that affect the design of the building's exterior wall and back frames, such as structure, floor height, wind load, lift limit, and transportation elements. The relational expression between the derived parameters is derived, and it is algorithmized to implement a rule-based AI design. These algorithms can be applied to detailed designs based on 3D BIM to automatically calculate quantity and unit price. The next goal is to derive the iterative elements that occur in the process and implement a robotic process automation (RPA)-based system to link the entire "Detailed design-Quality calculation-Order process." This study is significant because it expands the design automation research, which has been rather limited to basic and implemented design, to the detailed design area at the beginning of the construction execution and increases the productivity by using AI. In addition, it can help fundamentally improve the working environment of the construction industry through the development of direct and applicable technologies to practice.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.197-204
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was conducted to investigate the effect of HT008, a multi-herbal mixture consisting of 3 herbs, Eleutherococcus senticosus, Angelica sinensis, and Scutellaria baicaleinsis on arthritic model in rats. Methods : The anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities were observed by utilizing the following models: carrageenan-induced edema of the hind paw of rats, acetic acid-induced writhing response in mice. The perimeter of the paw was measured before injection and then at 1, 2, 4, 6 h after injection of 1% $\lambda$-carrageenan. The HT008 at five dose levels (10, 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg) and distilled water given 30 min to treatment groups and control group, before $\lambda$-carrageenan injection. In the writhing test, the mice received 0.7% acetic acid solution in normal saline injected intraperitoneally at a dose of 10 ml/kg. The number of writhes was counted staring 10 min after injection. Results : HT008 at four dose levels (30, 100, and 300 mg/kg) significantly decreased the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema perimeter. E. senticosus and S. baicaleinsis extracts reduced acetic acid-induced writhing response in mice. Also A. sinensis extracts significantly decreased the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema perimeter. Conclusions : These results show that HT008, a multi-herbal mixture has both anti-inflammatory activity and analgesic effects in vivo arthritic model, and suggest that HT008 could be a good therapy to treat human osteoarthritis.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.161-167
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• 2009

Objectives : Maekmoondong-tang (MMDT), a Korean herbal medicine, has been used to treat severe dry cough in patients with bronchitis and pharyngitis. MMDT has been reported to have anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, immunomodulatory, secretory-modulating, and metabolic regulatory actions. However, there are no evidence in regard to the effects of MMDT on carcinogenesis and metastasis. Here, we investigated the effects of 70% ethanol extract of MMDT on cell viability, apoptosis, and motility in human hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells. Methods : Cell viability was measured using the CCK-8 assay, and the apoptosis induction was evaluated by caspase-3 activity. To detect apoptotic features, the cells treated with MMDT were stained with 4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). Cell motility was examined by Boyden chamber assay and Real-time Cell Index of Migration assay. Gelatin zymography also performed to measure matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2/9 activity. Results : We found that MMDT significantly inhibited cell proliferation and increased caspase-3 activity in a dose-dependent manner in HepG2 cells. Apoptotic features such as chromatin condensation and apoptotic bodies were observed in MMDT-treated cells by DAPI staining. MMDT also suppressed PMA-induced cell motility and activities of MMP-2/9. Conclusions : Our results exhibited that MMDT possess the anti-carcinogenetic and anti-metastatic activities via caspase-3 activation and down-regulation of cell motility and invasion in HepG2 cells. Therefore, these findings suggest that MMDT could be potentially applied to the prevention and treatment of cancer.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.106-124
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• 2022

This study examined whether the social support (emotional support, information support) provided by customers through chatbot service affects the satisfaction of chatbot service felt by customers and whether the satisfaction of chatbot service affects loyalty and intention to continue using chatbot service. In order to confirm the moderating effect of social presence of chatbot service, a total of 300 effective data were obtained by conducting an online survey divided into a group that recognizes social presence highly and a group that recognizes low. As a result of the analysis, the path from emotional support to satisfaction of chatbot service was supported in the group that recognized social presence highly, and the path from emotional support to satisfaction of chatbot service was not supported in the group that recognized social presence low, and the difference was confirmed in the hypothesis path coefficient. This is interpreted as the social presence affecting human emotional response.This study can provide implications for the function of social presence of chatbot service in that it applied information support and emotional support, which are two factors of social support, to chatbot service, and demonstrated the relationship between satisfaction, loyalty, and continuous use according to the degree of social presence of chatbot users.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.344-351
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma module for sterilizing airborne bacteria in indoor spaces and measure the concentration of ozone generated during plasma discharge. Method: The DBD plasma module was installed in a 76m³ space, and air samples were collected under various discharge times to compare the reduction of airborne bacteria. Result: The results showed a significant decrease in airborne bacteria, ranging from 92.057% to 99.999%, with an average ozone concentration of 0.04 ppm, below the reference value. Conclusion: The study suggests that plasma discharge can be used as a means of preventing the spread of airborne bacteria and viruses, while ensuring safety for human exposure.