• 한국전자파학회논문지
• /
• 제14권6호
• /
• pp.606-615
• /
• 2003

본 연구에서는 일상생활에서 사용하는 휴대폰에서 방출되는 전자파가 인체의 시각 자극 반응에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. 기존의 국외연구에서는 현재 국내에서 사용되고 있지 않는 아날로그 방식 또는 GSM 방식의 휴대폰을 사용한 연구였으나 본 연구에서는 현재 국내에서 사용되고 있는 CDMA 방식의 휴대폰을 사용하여 시각 자극 반응에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 실험은 청소년 집단(10명, 연령:14.3$\pm$1.1세)과 성인 집단(10명, 연령:24.5$\pm$3.4세)으로 구성된 20명의 지원자를 대상으로 실시하였다. 전자파 노출은 실제 휴대폰을 사용하여 이루어졌고, 실제 노출과 허위 노출의 순서에 따른 영향을 없애기 위해 blind test로 노출 순서를 교번시켜서 대등하게 하였다. 실험 결과 CDMA휴대폰에서 방출되는 전자파에 노출되었을 경우 기존의 연구(아날로그 및 GSM방식)에서 제시하는 바와 같이 청소년의 경우에는 자극 반응 속도가 노출군에서 유의하게 빨라짐을 관찰하였다.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.520-529
• /
• 1999

인체보호를 위한 노출기준은 생물학적 영향을 근거로 유도전류밀도, 비흡수율 또는 전력밀도에 대한 기본 한계치를 결정한 다음 이를 전자계와 인체와의 결합 메카니즘을 고려하여 측정 가능한 전계와 자계강도로 변 환함으로써 결정된다. 본 연구에서는 국내 노출기준 설정을 위한 연구의 일환으로 전자계의 인체 결합 메카 니즘에 대한 지금까지의 연구결과를 토대로 대표적인 5개 기준의 기본 한계치로부터 도출된 전자계 노출기준 치에 대한 타당성을 검토하고 각 기준의 문제점을 비교, 분석하였다.

• 전자통신동향분석
• /
• 제34권3호
• /
• pp.86-92
• /
• 2019

New products and services, such as 5G and wireless power transmission equipment, have recently brought about changes in the field of electromagnetic technology. There is a need for the evaluation and measurement of the health effects of such technology. To address this need, the development of international standards related to human exposure to electromagnetic waves of these new technologies are currently being discussed. This article briefly introduces the International Standard Organization standards for human exposure to electromagnetic waves, and focuses on the major standard trends for SAR measurement techniques that employ vector probes, wireless power transfer, and 5G base station measurement.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• 제39권1호
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2012

The safety of human exposure to an ever-increasing number and diversity of electromagnetic field (EMF) sources both at work and at home has become a public health issue. To date, many in vivo and in vitro studies have revealed that EMF exposure can alter cellular homeostasis, endocrine function, reproductive function, and fetal development in animal systems. Reproductive parameters reported to be altered by EMF exposure include male germ cell death, the estrous cycle, reproductive endocrine hormones, reproductive organ weights, sperm motility, early embryonic development, and pregnancy success. At the cellular level, an increase in free radicals and $[Ca^{2+}]i$ may mediate the effect of EMFs and lead to cell growth inhibition, protein misfolding, and DNA breaks. The effect of EMF exposure on reproductive function differs according to frequency and wave, strength (energy), and duration of exposure. In the present review, the effects of EMFs on reproductive function are summarized according to the types of EMF, wave type, strength, and duration of exposure at cellular and organism levels.

• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제36권4호
• /
• pp.20-28
• /
• 2021

With an increase in the commercialization of electricity, and the development of advanced and large electric devices and various wireless radio wave services, concerns over the effects of electromagnetic fields on human health have increased. Accordingly, the World Health Organization encouraged the development of international standards by establishing the 'International Electromagnetic Fields Project' in 1996 based on studies on the harmful effects of electromagnetic fields on the human body. Moreover, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) classified electromagnetic fields as possible carcinogens under Group 2B category, even though they have been found to have a weak correlation with those effects on human health. Mid-to-large-sized electric facilities used at industrial sites mostly adopt a commercial frequency of 60 Hz, and workers handling these facilities are exposed to such extremely low frequency (ELF) fields for a long time. A previous study suggested that exposure to ELF electromagnetic fields with frequency ranges from 0 to 300 Hz, even for a short time, at densities higher than 100 μT may have harmful effects on human body as it affects the activation of nerve cells in the central nervous system by inducing an electric field and current and stimulating muscles and the nervous system in the body. Such studies, however, focused on home appliances used by ordinary people, and research on facilities utilizing high-capacity current and operated by workers at industrial sites is lacking. Therefore, in this study, a 3000 kilowatt generator, which is a high-capacity electric facility employed at industrial sites, was investigated, and the size of the magnetic fields generated during its no-load and high-load operations per distance to produce a map was measured to reveal spots deemed hazardous according to domestic and international exposure standards. The findings of this study is expected to alleviate workers' anxiety about the harmful effects of magnetic fields on their body and to minimize the level of exposure during operations.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.268-274
• /
• 2006

In this study in order to evaluate the growth of RF propagation exposure rate generated according to the enhancement of its use, it is proposed for the ground to be able to examine and to contemplate the correlation between the human health and RF propagation exposure rate by measuring and analyzing the RF exposure source and exposure rate in an indoor environment. As a result of research, it is analyzed that the main exposure source of critically making effect in indoor environment is the frequency hand if radio broadcasting, mobile communication, wireless LAN, digital broadcasting, home appliance, etc., including the TV broadcasting. Among these, it is shown that the TV broadcasting and mobile communication band are the highest. And it is the concluded that RF exposure rate of the environmental sensitive equipment, like an institution for the aged, has lower possibility to exceed the human RF protection criteria by this evaluation.

• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제32권1호
• /
• pp.33-40
• /
• 2017

This paper addresses the assessment methods used to evaluate the magnetic exposure of a human to ELF EMF (Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field) which is caused by the process of power delivery from 60 Hz commercial power. These days the main concern is primarily focused on the magnetic field. For the exposure assessment, both numerical studies and laboratory experiments were studied and the results of the two compared for methodological suitability. The numerical analyses employ the Impedance Method (IM), Boundary Element Method (BEM), and Finite Element Method (FEM) and the laboratory experiments used various human phantom models made with conductivities congruent to human organs and then exposed to uniform/non-uniform magnetic fields to produce eddy currents. Under these conditions a number of examples have been evaluated and the reliability assessed to present the pros and cons of each methodology.

• Safety and Health at Work
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.102-110
• /
• 2016

Background: This work presents an experimental and modeling study of the electromagnetic environment in the vicinity of a high voltage substation located in eastern Algeria (Annaba city) specified with a very high population density. The effects of electromagnetic fields emanating from the coupled multi-lines high voltage power systems (MLHV) on the health of the workers and people living in proximity of substations has been analyzed. Methods: Experimental Measurements for the Multi-lines power system proposed have been conducted in the free space under the high voltage lines. Field's intensities were measured using a referenced and calibrated electromagnetic field meter PMM8053B for the levels 0 m, 1 m, 1.5 m and 1.8 m witch present the sensitive's parts as organs and major functions (head, heart, pelvis and feet) of the human body. Results: The measurement results were validated by numerical simulation using the finite element method and these results are compared with the limit values of the international standards. Conclusion: We project to set own national standards for exposure to electromagnetic fields, in order to achieve a regional database that will be at the disposal of partners concerned to ensure safety of people and mainly workers inside high voltage electrical substations.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.151-157
• /
• 2015

The increasing use of mobile phones has raised public concern about the possible biological effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure on the human brain. To investigate the potential effect of RF-EMF exposure on the brain, we examined the behaviors and hippocampal morphology of C57BL/6 mice after sub-chronic exposure to RF-EMFs with a relatively high SAR level (5.0 W/kg). We applied a 2-hour daily exposure of WCDMA 1,950 MHz using a reverberation chamber that was designed for whole-body exposure for 60 days. In the behavioral tests, RF-EMF did not alter the physical activity or long-term memory of mice. Moreover, no alteration was found in the neuronal and glial cells in the hippocampus by RF-EMFs. In this study, we showed that sub-chronic whole body RF exposure did not produce memory impairment and hippocampal morphological alteration in C57BL/6 mice.

• 환경생물
• /
• 제29권4호
• /
• pp.241-250
• /
• 2011

현대인들은 가정생활과 직업환경 속에서 다양한 종류의 전자기파에 노출되며 전자기파 노출에 따른 생체위해성은 공중보건학적으로 중요한 이슈로 대두되었다. 현재까지 많은 체외 및 체내실험 결과에서 전자기파 노출이 세포대사, 내분비, 면역, 신경, 생식, 태아발달에 영향을 미치는 것으로 보고되었다. 세포나 개체 수준에서 시행된 실험연구에서는 전자기파 노출에 의해 세포내부 자유기의 증가, DNA 손상과 암발생, 발생기형, 생식기능 저하가 나타난다. 역학조사결과 전자기파 노출은 생명을 위협하는 질병인 백혈병, 뇌암, 근위축성 측삭경화증, 우울증, 자살, 알츠하이머와 상관성이 보고되었다. 이러한 생체기능 변화는 전자기파의 주파수, 노출기간, 강도 (에너지)에 따라 다르게 나타난다. 전자기파 노출은 곤충, 어류, 양서류, 파충류, 조류 등 야생동물에서도 동물행동, 번식, 생리기능의 변화를 초래한다. 본 소고에서는 인간보건학적 측면과 생태계에서 나타난 전자기파의 위해성을 전자기파의 종류, 노출시간에 따라 세포 및 개체 수준에서 보고된 위해성 자료를 정리하였다.