• 기본간호학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.403-412
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• 2014

Purpose: Shift work disrupts the synchronization between the human biological clock and the environment. Sleep disturbances are common for shift work nurses, and may threaten patient safety. This study was done to investigate the sleep characteristics and medication errors (ME) of intensive care unit (ICU) nurses who work shifts, and ascertain if there is an association between these factors. Methods: Data were collected using a self-report questionnaire from 126 ICU nurses on three shifts. Collected data included their sleep characteristics including sleep patterns and sleep disturbances, and ME for the past 2 weeks. Results: There were significant differences in sleep duration and sleep latency according to shift. Day shift nurses had the shortest sleep duration, and their sleep latency was the longest (about 49 minutes) compared to nurses on evening and night shifts; 54% reported sleep disturbances, 16% experienced ME, and among these nurses 50% were on the night shift. Logistic regression analysis revealed significant associations between nurses' sleep duration and ME (adjusted OR 0.52 [95% CI 0.32-0.85]). Conclusions: The results confirmed that shift work nurses in the ICUs experience sleep disturbance, and that less sleep is associated with ME.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2001

본 논문에서는 마이크로 납볼 격자 배열 ($\mu$BGA)패키지의 검사 알고리듬을 제안하였다. 이 알고리듬의 개발은 납볼 배열의 미세 크기 때문에 사람의 사각으로는 결함을 식별하기 어려운 점에 기인하였다. 특히, 여기에서 보인 자동 시각 $\mu$BGA 검사 알고리듬은 소위 말하는 이차원 오차뿐만 아니라 볼의 높이 오차까지 검사할 수 있다. 검사 알고리듬은 특수하게 제작된 청색 조명 하에서 이차원 $\mu$BGA 영상을 사용하고 회전 불변 알고리듬으로 영상을 처리하였다. 그리고 2개의 카메라를 사용하여 높이 오차를 검출할 수 있었다 모의실험결과, 제안한 알고리듬이 기존 방법에 비하여 괄목할 만큼 납볼 결함을 검출할 수 있음을 보였다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.10-15
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• 2006

This study examined the ability of human subjects to match a force in their quadriceps muscle during fatigue. Twenty subjects (mean age: 23.4 yrs, mean height: 167.8 cm, mean weight, 62.6 kg) were enrolled in the experiment. In the force-matching task, the quadriceps muscle generated 50% of the MVIC (maximum voluntary isometric contraction) torque under visual control and then without visual feedback. After inducing fatigue in the quadriceps muscle, the subjects were required to match 50% of the MVIC torque without visual feedback. The perceived magnitude of the force and force-matching errors were measured. 50% of the MVIC torque was perceived from 39.96 Nm in the pre-fatigue condition to 44.95 Nm in the post-fatigue condition. 50% of the MVIC torque-matching errors increased significantly from .55% in the pre-fatigue condition to 9.6% in the post-fatigue condition (p<.001). in addition, there were significantly more force-matching errors in women than in men (p<.01). In conclusion muscle fatigue can interfere with a subject's ability to match a force. This suggests that muscle fatigue may contributes to the sensitization of the proprioception.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2005년도 ICCAS
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• pp.1741-1744
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• 2005

In this paper, we proposed an adaptive skill element based on error signal. We assume that human progress their skills of actions based on errors, then an inverse dynamic of human motion have to changes. Human controller consists from feedback element (FB) and feed forward element (FF) and their elements cooperate to control actions. Under the assumption, we vary the connection of FF and FB by error signal. We propose the index function for change of a skill parameter. From results of the numerical simulations for the varying skill parameter with index function, we consider that the position error given by our vision changes the skill element and we confirm that the position error is the one of the estimate function for the improvement in our skill.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.61-69
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• 2007

In this paper, we developed not only a reliable sound localization system including a VAD(Voice Activity Detection) component using three microphones but also a face tracking system using a vision camera. Moreover, we proposed a way to integrate three systems in the human-robot interaction to compensate errors in the localization of a speaker and to reject unnecessary speech or noise signals entering from undesired directions effectively. For the purpose of verifying our system's performances, we installed the proposed audio-visual system in a prototype robot, called IROBAA(Intelligent ROBot for Active Audition), and demonstrated how to integrate the audio-visual system.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.502-506
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• 2007

Railway accidents/incidents occur because of many reasons. Human error by the railway staff or personnel takes a major part of those reasons. In order to reduce and prevent railway accidents/incidents, appropriate measures should be developed to remove root causes induced in human error. A systematic study for analysing causes of human errors and for developing an effective management is necessary. Detailed analysis of the railway traffic signaller's tasks should be preferentially performed for this purpose. This paper introduces the results of analysis for the types and characteristics of the railway traffic signaller's tasks. As a result of the analysis, the railway traffic signaller's tasks can be decomposed into 24 tasks in total, and also be divided into the general task and the emergency task. The railway traffic signaller's tasks are characterized to require continual confirmation and observation activities, and sometimes immediate decision and action.

• 한국원자력학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국원자력학회 1995년도 추계학술발표회논문집(1)
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• pp.293-299
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• 1995

A methodology is applied to identify tile learning trend related to the safety and availability of U.S. commercial nuclear power plants. The application is intended to aid in reducing likelihood of human errors. To assure that tile methodology ran be easily adapted to various types of classification schemes of operation data, a data bank classified by the Transient Analysis Classification and Evaluation(TRACE) scheme is selected for the methodology. The significance criteria for human-initiated events affecting tile systems and for events caused by human deficiencies were used. Clustering analysis was used to identify the learning trend in multi-dimensional histograms. A computer rode is developed based on tile K-Means algorithm and applied to find the learning period in which error rates are monotonously decreasing with plant age.

• 음성과학
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.217-226
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• 2004

An automatic pronunciation correction system provides users with correction guidelines for each pronunciation error. For this purpose, we develop a speech recognition system which automatically classifies pronunciation errors when Koreans speak a foreign language. In this paper, we propose a machine scoring method for automatic assessment of pronunciation quality by the speech recognizer. Scores obtained from an expert human listener are used as the reference to evaluate the different machine scores and to provide targets when training some of algorithms. We use a log-likelihood score and a normalized log-likelihood score as machine scoring methods. Experimental results show that the normalized log-likelihood score had higher correlation with human scores than that obtained using the log-likelihood score.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.174-180
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• 2014

In this paper, a new and simple method is proposed to quickly estimate the induced electric field in the human child exposed to a 100 kHz-10 MHz magnetic field, for the sake of electromagnetic field (EMF) safety assessment. The quasi-static finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is used to calculate the induced electric fields in high resolution 3D human child models with various body size parameters, in order to derive the correction factor for the estimation equation. The calculations are repeated for various frequencies and incident angles of the magnetic field. Based on these calculation results, a new and simple estimation equation for the 99th percentile value of the body electric field is derived that depends on the body size parameters, and the incident magnetic field. The estimation errors were equal to or less than 5.1%, for all cases considered.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.165-171
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• 2018

As the artificial intelligence (AI) plays a crucial role in machine translation (MT) which has loomed large as a new translation paradigm, concerns have also arisen if MT can produce a quality product as human translation (HT) can. In fact, several MT experimental studies report cases in which the MT product called post-editing (PE) as equally as HT or often superior ([1],[2],[6]). As motivated from those studies on translation quality between HT and PE, this study set up an experimental situation in which Korean literature was translated into English, comparatively, by 3 translators and 3 post-editors. Afterwards, a group of 3 other Koreans checked for accuracy of HT and PE; a group of 3 English native speakers scored for fluency of HT and PE. The findings are (1) HT took the translation time, at least, twice longer than PE. (2) Both HT and PE produced similar error types, and Mistranslation and Omission were the major errors for accuracy and Grammar for fluency. (3) HT turned to be inferior to PE for both accuracy and fluency.