• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 1999.05a
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• pp.192-197
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• 1999

Programmers who write distributed programs are faced with a dilemma when writing the systems communication code. If the code is written by hand or partly by hand, then the speed of the application may be maximized, but the human effort required to implement and maintain the system is greatly increased. On the other hand, if the code is generated using a CORBA IDL compiler then the programmer effort will be reduced, but the performance of the application may be poor. So we need the optimizing the code generated by CORBA IDL compiler. We introduce the techniques which have been used by typical programming languages into compilation of IDL. We separate the phase of compilation into three phase. The first phase parses interface definition in IDL, manages nested scope and generates AST(Abstract Syntax Tree). The second phase implements the optimization. The third phase generates the code in target language. In this paper, we focus on the first phase. We separate interface definition into interface and message representation from AST. This supports the separate optimization of code in second phase.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.19-26
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• 2015

Purpose: Maximizing human comfort in design of medical environments depends immensely on specialized architects particularly critical care design; the study proposes Evidence-Based Design as an apparent analog to Evidence-Based Medicine. Healthcare facility designs are substantially based on the findings of study in an effort to design environments that augment care by improving patient safety and being therapeutic. On SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) t-test is applied to simulate two independent variables of PDR (Pre Design-Research) and POE (Post- Occupancy Evaluation). PDR is conducted on relatively new hospital Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital to analyse visibility from researchers' point of view, here the ICU is arranged in I-Shape. POE is applied on Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital to simulate walking on LogWare where two NS are designed based on L- Shape and Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea where five NS are functional for ICU Intensive Care Unit, Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU), Medical Intensive Care Unit (MICU), Critical Care Unit (CCU), Korean Oriental Medical Care Unit which are mostly arranged in U-Shape, and walking pattern is recognized to be in a zigzag path. Method: T-Test is applied on two dependent communication variables: walkability and visibility, with confidence interval of 95%. This study systematically analyses the Nurse Station (NS) typo-morphology, and simulates nurse horizontal circulation, by computing round route visits to patient's bed, then estimating minimum round route on LogWare stop sequence software. The visual connectivity is measured on depth map graphs. Hence the aim is to reduce staff stress and fatigue for better patients care by minimizing staff horizontal travel time and to facilitate nurse walk path and support space distribution by increasing effectiveness in delivering care. Result: Applying visibility graph and isovist field on space syntax on I- Shape, L- Shape and U- Shape ICU (SICU, MICU and CCU) configuration, I-shape facilitated 20% more patients in linear view as they stir to rise from their beds from nurse station compared to U-shape. In conclusion, it was proved that U-Shape supply minimum walking and maximum visibility; and L shape provides just visibility as the nurse is at pivot. I shape provides panoramic view from the Nurse Station but very rigorous walking.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.35 no.12
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• pp.789-799
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• 2008

For the communication between human and computer in an interactive computing environment, the gesture recognition has been studied vigorously. The algorithms which use the 2D features for the feature extraction and the feature comparison are faster, but there are some environmental limitations for the accurate recognition. The algorithms which use the 2.5D features provide higher accuracy than 2D features, but these are influenced by rotation of objects. And the algorithms which use the 3D features are slow for the recognition, because these algorithms need the 3d object reconstruction as the preprocessing for the feature extraction. In this paper, we propose a method to extract the 3D features combined with the 3D object reconstruction in real-time. This method generates three kinds of 3D projection maps using the modified GPU-based visual hull generation algorithm. This process only executes data generation parts only for the gesture recognition and calculates the Hu-moment which is corresponding to each projection map. In the section of experimental results, we compare the computational time of the proposed method with the previous methods. And the result shows that the proposed method can apply to real time gesture recognition environment.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.173-181
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• 2019

The CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) is a G protein-coupled receptor that regulates chemotaxis and effector functions of immune cells. It also serves as the major co-receptor for the entry of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Recently, CCR5 inhibitors have been developed and used for the treatment or prevention of HIV infections. Additionally, it has been identified that CCR5 controls bone homeostasis by regulating osteoclastogenesis and the communication between osteoblasts and osteoclasts. However, the effects of CCR5 inhibition on bone tissue in elderly patients are unknown. This study aimed to examine the bone phenotype of aged CCR5 knockout (KO) mice. Femoral and tibial bones were isolated from 12-month and 18-month old wild-type (WT) and CCR5 KO mice, and microcomputed tomography and histology analyses were performed. Twelve-month-old CCR5 KO mice exhibited a decreased trabecular bone mass and cortical bone thickness in both femoral and tibial bones compared with age-matched WT mice. Eighteen-month-old mice also showed a decreased trabecular bone mass in femurs compared with control WT mice, but not in tibial bones. Unlike in 12-month-old mice, the cortical margin of femurs and tibias in 18-month-old mice were rough, likely because they were aggravated by the deficiency of CCR5. Overall, our data suggest that the deficiency of CCR5 with aging can cause severe bone loss. When CCR5 inhibitors or CCR5 inactivating technologies are used in elderly patients, a preventive strategy for bone loss should be considered.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.298-309
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• 2003

The educational preparation of nurses has been the focus of considerable debate globally. It is needed the change of the basic nursing education for professional nurse to prepare the trends of the health care needs of clients for coming new generation. And also it is believed that educational preparation for being nurses is to be responsible to clients' needs. The purpose of the study was to develop a baccalaureate program in nursing. This study were implemented through three stages from April 2001, to April 2002.: preparation stage which were consisted of reviewing of the literatures, interviewing the fellow nurses in a variety workplace, and consulting professors who were concerned with the nursing education to identify the present educational problems, and analyzing the contents of seven major courses in nursing education, evaluation stage about a new developed curriculum with the directors of the five nursing schools, and confirmation stage of new developed education programme. The developed education programme was designed as a four year program with 126 credit hours including 39 credit hours of liberal arts, 34 credit hours of supplementary courses, and 53 credit hours of nursing major based on the four basic nursing dimensions of human, health, environment and nursing. Nursing majors were consisted of Nursing Ⅰ(oxygenation), Nursing Ⅱ(nutrition elimination), Nursing Ⅲ(activity rest), Nursing Ⅳ(neurologic- endocrine protection), Nursing Ⅴ(fluids electrolytes/sex reproductive), Nursing Ⅵ(psycho-social), Community Health Nursing, Fundamental Nursing, School Health, and Emergency care. This new nursing programme was focused on the nursing education for prevention and rehabilitation nursing care as well as the acute and chronic nursing care at hospital, on the integrated nursing programme to become effective, and the nursing process to encourage the critical thinking. The new education programme focused on the professional nurses who are responsible the nursing ethics, communication skills, and professional beliefs to suit the future trends in health. And also it will be needed for faculties to manage the integrated curriculum, to analyze the contents of each subject, and to communicate with each other before a new education programme apply to their education programme in future. This research was supported by the Han Kok Medical Science Foundation

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.39-50
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to be performed with studio-type housings among urban life-type housings to investigate the physical characteristic and crime-related factors of studios from the viewpoint of the basic principles of crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED). Method: Eight CPTED guidelines available in Korea were reviewed to select 20 planing factors for actual condition investigation. Five single households in studio-type housings in Gwanak-gu, Seoul, were chosen according to the subject screening criteria to perform the actual condition investigation. Results: First, a lighting plan around a building for natural surveillance should consider the building location, relation with the front road, and surrounding facilities. In a building of a piloti structure, the parking lot and the building gate should be arranged in a manner that enables natural surveillance. Second, the shape of the corridors in studio-type housings should be considered to plan the installation of a lighting at the door of each household, the installation of a viewer window at the door of each household, and the arrangement of the elevator. Third, to support access control, an access control system having the function of video and voice communication is recommended to be installed at the building gate. Criteria for the type of security windows and the floors on which security windows should be installed, and the regulations about the CCTV installation inside and outside the building should be prepared. Fourth, to enhance territoriality in parking lots, ground patterns, parking lot gate, and signs may be installed. Fifth, in view of effective utilization and maintenance, lighting facilities should be installed to increase the usability of ground parking lots, and relevant installation criteria should be prepared regarding the type, number, and brightness of the lightings.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.512-516
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• 2004

Context-aware computing has been attracting the attention as an approach to alleviating the inconvenience in human-computer interaction. This paper proposes a context-aware system architecture to be implemented on an SoC(System-on-a-Chip). The proposed architecture supports sensor abstraction, notification mechanism for context changes, modular development, easy service composition using if-then rules, and flexible context-aware service implementation. It consists of the communication unit, the processing unit, the blackboard, and the rule-based system unit, where the first three components reside in the microprocessor part of the SoC and the rule-based system unit is implemented in hardware. For the proposed architecture, an SoC system has been designed and tested in an SoC development platform called SystemC and the feasibility of the behavoir modules for the microprocessor part has been evaluated by implementing software modules on the conventional computer platform. This SoC-based context-aware system architecture has been developed to apply to mobile intelligent robots which would assist old people at home in a context-aware manner.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.339-348
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• 2013

Translational research (TR) as high quality research can accelerate collaboration strongly between biotechnology-based researchers and clinical-research experts for overcoming diseases. TR facilitates basic science translated to clinical efficacy and effectiveness from bench (basic science) to bedside (clinical practice) for the enhancement of human health. Disease-oriented TR programs were defined as unilateral, bilateral and multilateral TR in this patent performance analysis. Patent performance was measured in a R&D project on Health and Medical Technology to enhance the productivity of R&D investment on disease-oriented TR in Health Technology (HT). Patent Map (PM) analysis and Bibliometrics were conducted to collect information for the assessment of research patents of TR programs. Futhermore, PIAS (Patent Information Analysis System) and Thinklear programs were applied for quantitative and qualitative analysis successfully. These indicate that multi-dimensional analysis of patent performance for disease-oriented TR could promote the connection of R&D-IP (Research and Development-Intellectural Property) and R&BD (Research and Business Development) supporting system significantly.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.43-51
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• 2010

Attenuation coefficients of medical ultrasound not only reflect the pathological information of tissues scanned but also provide the quantitative information to compensate the decay of backscattered signals for other medical ultrasound parameters. Based on the frequency-selective attenuation property of human tissues, attenuation estimation methods in spectral domain have difficulties for real-time implementation due to the complexicity while estimation methods in time domain do not achieve the compensation for the diffraction effect effectively. In this paper, we propose the modified VSA method, which compensates the diffraction with reference phantom in time domain, using adaptive bandpass filters with decreasing center frequencies along depths. The adaptive bandpass filtering technique minimizes the distortion of relative echogenicity of wideband transmit pulses and maximizes the signal-to-noise ratio due to the random scattering, especially at deeper depths. Since the filtering center frequencies change according to the accumulated attenuation, the proposed algorithm improves estimation accuracy and precision comparing to the fixed filtering method. Computer simulation and experimental results using tissue-mimicking phantoms demonstrate that the distortion of relative echogenicity is decreased at deeper depths, and the accuracy of attenuation estimation is improved by 5.1% and the standard deviation is decreased by 46.9% for the entire scan depth.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.63-70
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• 2011

A bicycle is different from vehicles in the structure that a rider is fully exposed to the surrounding environment. Therefore, it needs to make use of prior information about local weather, air quality, trail road condition. Moreover, since it depends on human power for moving, it should acquire route property such as hill slope, winding, and road surface to improve its efficiency in everyday use. Recent mobile applications which are to be used during bicycle riding let us aware of the necessity of development of intelligent bicycles. This study aims to develop a riding state (up-hill, down-hill, accelerating, braking) recognition algorithm using a low-power wrist watch type embedded system which has 3-axis accelerometer and wireless communication capability. The developed algorithm was applied to 19 experimental riding data and showed more than 95% of correct recognition over 83.3% of the total dataset. The altitude and temperature sensor also in the embedded system mounted on the bicycle is being used to improve the accuracy of the algorithm. The developed riding state recognition algorithm is expected to be a platform technology for intelligent bicycle interface system.