• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.95-102
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to seek a new understanding of human beings by examining, through the various types of futuristic humans in SF narratives, the changes of human condition and identity, raised by the discussion on the posthuman today. The rapid development of science and technology blurs the line between humans and machines, predicting the birth of the 'new human posterior to the human'. The advancement of technology enables the production of 'human beyond the biological human' through the combination of humans and machines, and humans are becoming more mechanized. On the other hand, machines are gradually developing to the stage of resembling not just the exterior body structure, but the thinking abilities and emotions of human beings. However, by colliding with the traditional view of human beings, artificial changes to the human condition as a result of cutting-edge technology demand a new perspective on the meaning of a new being and changes in human conditions. Therefore, the study examines how human conditions and perceptions have changed in accordance with the evolution of science and technology, and then explores the direction of co-evolution between humans and machines through the various types of futuristic humans that appear in the SF narratives, as well as the potential of futuristic humans as the new subject.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.67
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• pp.157-194
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• 2021

The issue of AI's ethical consciousness has been constantly on the rise. AI learns and imitates everything behavior human beings do, just like a child. Therefore, the ethical consciousness we currently demand from AI is first the ethical consciousness required of humans, and at the center of it is the dignity of humans. Thus, this study analyzed human identity and its problems according to the development of AI technology, apologized the theological premises and characteristics of human dignity, and sought the direction of human dignity education as follows. First, this study discussed the development of AI and its relation to human beings. The development of AI's technology has led to the sharing of "reason or intelligence" with machines called AI which have been restricted to the exclusive property of mankind. This raised the question of the superior humanity which humans would be remained to be distinguished from AI machines. Second, this study discussed transhumanism and human identity. Transhumanism has been argued for the combination of AI machines and humans in order to improve inefficient human intelligence and human capabilities. However, the combination of AI machines with humans raised the issue of human identity. In the AI era, human identity is to believe thoughts that God had when he built us. Third, this study apologized theological premise and characteristic about human dignity. Human dignity has become a key concept of the constitution and international human rights treaties around the world. Nonetheless, declarative conviction that human is dignified is difficult to be understanded without Christian theological premise. Theological premise of human dignity lies on the fact that human is dignified feature being granted life by Heavenly Father. This feature lies on longing for "Goodness" and "eternality", pursuit of beauty, a happy being in relationship with others. Fourth, this study presented the direction of human dignity education. The direction of human dignity education has to awaken what is identity of human and how human beings were created and how much they are precious. Furthermore, it lead human to ponder consciously and accept the highest value of what human beings are, how they were created, and how precious they are. That is about educating human identity, and its core is that regardless of the circumstances - the wealth gap, knowledge level, skin color, gender, age, disability, etc. - all people are in God's image and for the glory of God, thereby being very important to God.

• Archives of design research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.145-154
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• 2001

These days, the products like Walkman, mobile phone, notebook PC, PDA are moving together with our body, and in the imaginary world like internet, our other self, Avatar is moving in place of our body on the cyber world. These products are related with our human body, and when considering the ones, attached to the human body, and having the meaning of mental combination like these, as the combination of the human and the products, it is necessary to examine these products in approaching them with respect to the combination relation between the human and the products. As a result of examining we can understand that the products, said to combine with the human body, are coming oui steadily. and recently, the inclination on the combination and the movement appears strongly. As this background, there are a breakdown of dichotomy thought, mixed sexual imitation, cyber culture, techno culture. concept of informative nomands, phenomenon which the division of human and machine becomes vague. and the miniaturization of products. imitation of human, phenomenon that the Inclination on the combination with human is more accelerated by networking. These products combine with human body at each wearing type in the various forms. Its functions become multi-layered, and closer to the human body physically. or its communication becomes high·graded and, they have the recombined form through the existing products which the human has And, they communicate each other. have the strong fashionable property, and the characteristics like the imaginary product to imitate the human body and substitute for the human behave.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.109-121
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• 2012

Human responses, such as construction of levees, are a spatial representation of the place vulnerability which is induced by a geomorphic hazard like flooding. Human responses include all forms of human activities to reduce the place vulnerability and they seem to be related with reducing vulnerability rather than reducing geomorphic hazards. Diverse human responses to the perceived environment bring about changes in the place vulnerability. People respond spatially to their vulnerability of the place in diverse ways from their experience and perceived risk. Human responses have quantitative possibilities in predicting and modeling the place vulnerability. Building the model of a dynamic place vulnerability to the diverse geomorphic hazards requires basic maps of geomorphic processes and human responses in the region.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.147
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• pp.239-260
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• 2018

Is an artificial intelligence robot, a non-human beings newly emerging in the age of technology, a threat to human beings, or a mutual cooperation or ensemble with human beings? The desire to control nature through the use of the power of science and technology is manifested in the fear that humans can annihilate themselves. This study attempts to identify the problems of Cartesian epistemology underlying these questions and fears and to answer these questions based on Merleau - Ponty 's ontological ontology using the Ontology and Latour' s ontology and technological philosophy. The cogito derived from the Cartesian philosophy became the basis of the structure of dichotomous epistemology of 'subjectivity and objectivity' based on human - reason. In the human-centered world, all non-human beings were tools or controls for humans. The problem of the modern people is not only to get help from the natural scientific methods to control the nature including man, but also to think that scientific method is the only way to understand the world. In criticizing this, Merleau-Ponty shows that the body mediates between human beings and non-human beings, and provides a possible ontological basis for the ontology. Merleau - Ponty 's phenomenological methodology and ontology are newly developed by Simondon under the influence of phenomenological philosopher and phenomenology. The relationship between human beings and nonhuman beings by Simondon appears as an ensemble of human and technical objects or a mutual co - operation of human and technical objects. In particular, Latour goes a step further in Simondon and defines all the bodies living in the world as actor-network theory, denying the core concept of modernity. Merleau - Ponty 's phenomenological view can be a new possible basis for the philosophical discussion of the technological age. We will see that the problem itself can be solved by shifting modern fear to a phenomenological attitude.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.123-133
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• 2011

Rapid development of life sciences about human cloning in real world is reflected alternately ahead and behind in the movies and it brings up the conversation topics about the scenario of diverse human life in the near future. This study is the consideration of the characteristic of the human cloning motif in movies, focused on the feature film which consider human cloning a philosophical point of view. The emergence and evolution of somatic cell cloning conclude the problem of philosophical anthropology. And identity and un-naturality of human clone boils down to desire and dilemma of character in . The dramatize to the exclusion of genre's attribution and the setting of twofold relationship between original and clone as well as real mother and daughter prove the critical mind of as stated above. This study also reported it reinforces the characteristic of the human cloning motif in movies that plotting with parallel narrative and the consistent attitudes with various cinematic expression and techniques.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.138-145
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• 2009

Humanism connotes dignity and esteem with the essential idea of human and more human. This paper has conducted a inquiry of the understanding about human and humanism represented by visual image of film. Especially, this study investigated the way to adhere to reflective attitude about human and society. It is based on theoretical discussion of formalism and auteurism and analyzed the way of constructing time-space structure of (by Lars von Trier) which is known the typical formalism film. According to the findings, appeared to appropriate the ocularcentrism aesthetic to film form and give the self-regulation to definite the idea of film art through picturesque imagination of dramatic stage. Such a result means that it converts the filmic time-space to the virtual things and practicalize the classification of the ethical doctrine of innate goodness and innate sin of human and the definition of humanism. Also it means formalism film overturns the existing institutional mode of representation.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.41
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• pp.333-359
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• 2010

Both in the East and the West, the most classical question in classical political philosophy was 'what is truly a human virtue and a good life?' 'Human virtue' and 'Good life', and 'good State' are thus essentially tied together. Platon And Confucianism. We began with Platon and Confucianism's definitions of human virtue & good life, and 'good State'. This Essay attempts to systematically approach to what Confucianism thinks as a human virtue and a good life in contrast with Platon. Confucius asserted that the most humane human life is a civilized life and it means to realize the value of 'benevolence as a human virtue. 'Mencius also concurred that Confucius's explication of the good life was right. Moreover, he argued that to realize this, political practice should follow. Mencius discussed about 'Four Virtues', the essential goodness of human, confirmed by 'Four Clues (四端)' to talk about the possibility of realizing the good life and a good state. On the other hand, he devised Politics of benevolence.)' as a practical tool for it. An classica eastern philosophy(platon and confucianism) consider a human beings as human relationship. Confucianism believe in reality of the human mind & it's nature. Confucian human mind & it's nature is comprised of benevolence, righteousness, propriety and wisdom. Confucianism proposed that we have to approach to other man as benevolence.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.174-182
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• 1991

Effects of human error relevant to the periodic test are incorporated in the evaluations of the unavailability and optimal test interval of a safety system. Two types of possible human error with respect to the test and maintenance are considered. One is the possibility that a good safety system is inadvertently left in a bad state after test（Type A human error) and the other is the possibility that a bad safety system is undetected upon the test（Type B human error). An event tree model is developed for the steady-state unavailability of a safety system in order to determine the effects of human errors on the system unavailability and the optimal test interval. A reliability analysis of the Safety Injection System (SIS) was peformed to evaluate the effects of human error on the SIS unavailability. Results of various sensitivity analyses show that ; (1) the steady-state unavailability of the safety system increases as the probabilities of both types of human error increase and it is far more sensitive to Type A human error, (2) the optimal test interval increases slightly as the probability of Type A human error increases but it decreases as the probability of Type B human error increases, and (3) provided that the test interval of the safety injction pump is kept unchanged, the unavailability of SIS increases significantly as the probability of Type A human error increases but slightly as the probability of Type B human error increases. Therefore, to obtain the realistic result of reliability analysis, one should take shorter test interval (not optimal test interval) so that the unavailability of SIS can be maintained at the same level irrespective of human error. Since Type A human error during test & maintenance influeces greatly on the system unavailability, special efforts to reduce the possibility of Type A human error are essential in the course of test & maintenance.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.175-183
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• 2003

The chimpanzee and gorilla are classified into hominidae, catarrhini, primates. These species are originated from Africa, so called African great apes. Recently, primatologists have classified that there are 2 species 5 subspecies of the chimpanzee and gorilla, respectively. Since the human genome project has been finished, the chimpanzee genome project has been launched to understand human evolution and genetic diseases. The sequences of chimpanzee chromosome 22 homologous to human chromosome 21 were completed, and then the Y chromosome of chimpanzee is being analyzed. Comparative analysis of human, chimpanzee and gorilla could provide the key for understanding of various human diseases and human origin. By detecting human specific-functional genes or mobile genetic elements (HERV, LINE, SINE) through primate research, we could understand what is human being\ulcorner gradually, For these comparative researches, we summarized fundamental knowledge of the feature, phylogeny and evolution of African great apes including humans.