• 한국가금학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.31-42
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• 1980

브로일러 산육능력 개량을 위한 우량 교배조합을 선발할 목적으로 결합능력추정과 부계통 모계통의 선발 지침을 분석하기 위하여 본 시험은 1978년 9월28일부터 1979년 1월 5일까지 약 14주간 부계통 4계종과 모계통 3계종으로부터 작출된 브로일러 1,440수를 가지고 한협종계장에서 실시되었으며 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 브러일러의 생존율에서 잡종강세의 효과는 나타나지 않았고 생존율의 개량을 위해서는 Hubbard를 부계통으로 선발하는 것이 바람직 한 것으로 사료되었다. 2. 8주령시 체중에서 부, 모계통 모두 Ross의 이용이 바람직스럽고 특수결합능력을 이용한 우량교배조합으로는 Hubbard$\times$Ross와 Ross$\times$Hypeco의 교배조합으로 인정할 수 있었다. 3. 8주동안 사료섭취량은 부계통에서 유의적으로 우수했던 Hubbard와 Ross, 그리고 모계통에서는 체중증가에 비례해서 사료섭취량이 증가되는 분포이지만 8주시 체중과 비교하여 Hypeco의 선발이 유효함을 알 수 있었으며 특히 Hubbard$\times$Hypeco의 교배조합은 사료섭취량개량에 우량교배조합으로 인정되었다. 4. 사료요구율에서는 부계통으로는 Hubbard, 모계통으로는 Hypeco의 선발이 우수한 것으로 인정되었고 Hubbard$\times$Hypeco, Hubbard$\times$Ross 그리고 Ross$\times$Hypeco의 교배조합이 우량한 것으로 판단되었다. 5. 경제성 분석에서는 8주 체중과 사료효율이 우수했던 Hubbard$\times$Hypeco, Hubbard$\times$Ross 교잡구가 가장 많은 수익을 나타내었다. 이상과 같은 결과로 볼 때 부계통 선발은 Ross와 Hubbbard, 모계통에서 Hypeco와 Ross를 통한 교배조합형성에서 Hubbard$\times$Ross, Hubbard$\times$Hypeco 그리고 Ross$\times$Hypeco등의 우량교배조합으로 브로일러 경제형질인 생존율, 체중, 사료섭취량, 사료요구량의 개량이 이룩될 수 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국암석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국암석학회 1999년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.79-82
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• 1999

• 한국초전도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국초전도학회 2005년도 High Temperature Superconductivity Vol.XV
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• pp.37-37
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• 2005

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권12호
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• pp.1645-1656
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of strain on broiler performance, and age at slaughter and postchilling (PC) aging time on meat quality traits. A total of 500 one-day-old chicks (250 Hubbard classic and 250 Lohman) were reared under commercial conditions. Half of the broiler birds from each strain were slaughtered at 32 days and the other half at 42 days old. At each processing day, 168 carcasses were randomly selected (84 Hubbard and 84 Lohman) and divided into groups of 28 carcasses within each strain, and aged for 0, 4 and 24 h after chilling. Average weekly body weight was comparable between strains. Feed conversion ratio was higher (p<0.05) for the Hubbard strain during the second and third week of age. Initial carcass pH was significantly (p<0.05) affected by age where younger birds (32-d-old) had lower pH values than older (41-d-old) birds. Breast temperature was higher (p<0.001) for Lohman than Hubbard at 0, 2 and 4 h of PC. Younger birds had a lower breast temperature (p<0.001) at all measured times of PC. Thaw loss, cook loss and water holding capacity were not significantly affected by strain, age or aging time. Lohman strain had more tender meat (p<0.05) than Hubbard strain, and tenderness was improved with the increase of broiler age and aging time. Meats from Hubbard were lighter and less red than those from Lohman strain where younger birds had darker color. In conclusion, strain, age at slaughter and PC aging duration are critical to breast meat quality characteristics, and 4 h of aging are required before deboning in order to obtain more tender fillets.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.540-545
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• 1982

한국(韓國)에서 사육(飼育)되고 있는 닭의 육용종(肉用種) Hubbard bro.와 Cobb 및 난용종(卵用種) Hy line 그리고 우리나라에서 육종(育種)된 한협(韓協)325호(號)의 병아리를 공시동물(供試動物)로 하고 개방식중량측정형(開放式重量測定型) 호흡시험장치(呼吸試驗裝置)를 사용(使用)하여 에너지대사량(代謝量)을 측정(測定)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 병아리를 9 주령(週齡)까지 cage에서 사육(飼育)한 1수당(首當) 평균(平均) 체중(體重)은 Hubbard bro.가 2570.7g이고 Hy line은 776.9g였으며 한협(韓協)325호(號)는 748g 이었다. 2. 주별(週別) 1 수당(首當) 사료섭취양모(飼料攝取量)은 3주령(週齡)에서 Hubbard bro. 가 54.6g으로 Hy line의 26.7g에 약(約) 2배(倍)였으며, 8령(週齡)에서는 151.1g과 57.2g 으로 약(約) 3배(倍) 정도(程度)였다. 음수량(飮水量)은 5주령(週齡)에서 Hubbard bro.가 1일(日) 평균(平均) $226m{\ell}$, Hy line 이 $58m{\ell}$, 8주령(週齡)에서는 $282m{\ell}$와 $70m{\ell}$였다. 3. 분(糞)의 배설량(排泄量)은 4주(週)와 8주령(週齡)에서 완전건조상태(完全乾燥狀態)로 1일(日) 1수당(首當) Hubbard bro.가 18.7g과 41.5g이었고 Hy line은 6.1g과 10.0g이었다. 4. 에너지 섭취량(攝取量)과 배설량(排泄量)은 3, 5, 8주령(週齡)에서 사료섭취(飼料攝取)에너지와 분(糞)의 배설(排泄)에너지를 측정(測定)하여 대사(代謝)에너지를 조사(調査)한 결과(結果) Hubbard bro. 는 75.4~77.1%였고 Hy line은 75.0~83.5%로 난용종(卵用種)의 사료이용율(飼料利用率)이 높았다. 5. 병아리의 호흡상(呼吸商)은 육용종(肉用種)이나 난용종간(卵用種間)에 차이(差異)를 인정(認定)할 수 없었으며 0.78에서 0.97사이였는데 사료섭취량(飼料攝取量)이 적으며 0.78로 떨어졌으며 많아짐에 따라 0.97로 증가(增加)하였다. 6. 대사체중(代謝體重)에 대한 에너지의 발생량(發生量)은 83.1~123.1Kcal로서 24시간(時間)동안 사료(飼料)의 섭취(攝取)를 거의 하지 않은 상태(狀態)에서는 83.4Kcal로 기초대사량(基礎代謝量)에 근사(近似)하였고 동물상내(動物箱內)의 온도(溫度)가 $27{\sim}34^{\circ}C$로 높을 때에는 123.1Kcal로 증가(增加)하는 현상(現像)을 나타냈다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권10호
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• pp.1502-1506
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• 2002

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of the broiler's genotype ($G_t$) and ambient temperature ($T_a$) on performance and core body temperature ($T_core$) of broiler chicks. A factorial arrangement of two $G_t$ (Hubbard and ISA J57 chicks) and two $T_a$ (moderate, $23{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$ and hot, $33{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$) were used in this study. Performance data (body weight gain, feed intake and feed:gain ratio) were determined weekly for six weeks. Chicks' $T_core$ was measured using a biotelemetric system between Weeks five and six. Results showed that body weight gain and feed intake were significantly high, and feed:gain ratio was significantly low for Hubbard chicks compared to those of ISA J57 chicks. High $T_a$ significantly reduced weight gain and feed intake. Furthermore, the reduction in body weight gain and feed intake under the hot $T_a$ was more pronounced for Hubbard chicks than those of the ISA J57 chicks resulting in significant $G_t$ by $T_a$ interaction. Chicks grown under moderate $T_a$ had significantly lower $T_core$ than those grown under hot $T_a$. The $T_core$ of the Hubbard chicks was significantly lower than that of the ISA J57 at the moderate $T_a$ while under the hot $T_a$, the magnitude of the change in $T_core$ was more pronounced in Hubbard chicks than that of ISA J57; this resulted in a significant $G_t$ by $T_a$ interaction. The results of this study indicate that chicks with higher potential for growth under thermo-neutral temperature are more susceptible to heat stress than chicks with lower potential for growth. This maybe due, at least in part, to their lower body $T_core$ under moderate temperature and to the lesser ability of these fast growing chicks to regulate their $T_core$ when exposed to heat stress, as was clearly shown on these birds' performance.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제96권2호
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• pp.214-221
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• 2007

The effect of nutrient availability and forest type on the nutrient turnover of fine roots is important in terrestrial nutrient cycling, but it is poorly understood. I measured nutrient turnover of hardwoods and softwoods at three well studied sites in the northeastern US: Sleepers River, VT; Hubbard Brook, NH; Cone Pond, NH. Significant differences in nutrient turnover by fine roots were observed among sites, but not between forest types. The magnitude of differences for each element ranged from 3 times for P and N to 8 times for Ca and Mg between sites. Smaller differences of 0.2 to 0.8 times were observed between forest types. In hardwoods, the Sleepers River 'new' site had $23kg\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$ Ca, $7kg\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$ Mg, and $16kg\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$ K turnover, owing to high root nutrient contents and turnover. Cone Pond had the highest turnover for Mn ($0.8kg\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$) and Al ($16kg\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$), owing to high nutrient contents. The Hubbard Brook hardwood site exhibited the lowest turnover of these elements. In softwoods, the variation in turnover of Ca, Mg, and K was lower than in hardwoods. The Hubbard Brook had the highest turnover for P ($1.6kg\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$), N ($31kg\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$), Mn ($0.4kg\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$), Al ($10kg\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$), Fe ($6.4kg\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$), Zn ($0.3kg\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$), Cu ($34g\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$), and C ($1.1Mg\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$). Root Ca turnover exponentially increased as soil percentage Ca saturation increased because of greater root nutrient contents and more rapid turnover at the higher Ca sites. These results imply that nutrient inputs by root turnover significantly increase as soil Ca availability improves in temperate forest ecosystems.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.96-100
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• 2001

Three commercial strains bred in the US (Hubbard), Holland (Lohman), and Canada (Shaver) and Balady breed of chickens were orally infected with $10^6$ cfu of Salmonella gallinarum per chick. Chicks were compared for weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, mortality rate and contamination of the liver, spleen and intestine with Salmonella gallinarum on the day of slaughter. The Balady chicks had significantly the lowest mortality rate (p<0.01) and weight gain (p<0.001) and poorest feed conversion ratio (p<0.001). Salmonella gallinarum could be shed from the liver, spleen and intestine with alternative rates in all strains. Lohman was the most resistance over the other two commercial strains, while Hubbard had the highest susceptibility. The Balady chicks were the most resistance. However, they may serve as a possible reservoir of Salmonella gallinarum and it may play a role of spreading the infection to the commercial farms in Jordan.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.1281-1291
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• 2001

The hereditary integral form of a quasi-linear viscoelastic law has been employed. Four new concepts have been employed: 1. a reduced relaxation function with a non-linear exponential function of time, 2. an inverse method to determine the scale factor of the elastic response, 3. an instant elastic recovery strain during unloading, and 4. the results of a constitutive model for cyclic tests may be a function of the Heavyside class. These concepts have been supported by agreement between measured and predicted responses of soft connective tissue to three types of multiple cyclic tests which include rest periods of no extension and alternations between different strain levels. Such agreement has not been attained in the previous studies. Chun and Hubbard (2001) is our companion experimental analysis paper.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.71-75
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• 2005

An effective method, i.e., the solid atom method, is suggested to obtain the Coulomb interaction parameter, U, and the Hund exchange coupling constant, J, for use in the LDA+U calculation. The par~meters are obtained self-consistently during the LDA+U calculation. The method is applied to typical transition metal oxides and $MnB^{VI}(B^{VI}=S,Se,Te)$. The U values for the transition metal oxides have similar magnitude to previous calculations although they are obtained by a much simpler method. $MnB^{VI}s$ have been characterized as crossroads materials between charge transfer and band insulators by the LDA+U calculation.