• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.137-153
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• 2022

Objectives : This paper aims to examine the meaning of guanjie(關節) in the Huangdineijing. Methods : Meanings of guan(關) and jie(節) were examined within the Neijing, after which the meaning of guanjie was studied in reference to usages of guan and jie. Other terms used similarly to guanjie were also studied. Results & Conclusions : 1. The meaning of guanjie in the Huandineijing could be inferred to meanings such as 'vital point and node', 'node of entrance gate', 'entrance gate and node', 'bolt and node', 'node of bolt', etc. 2. Most usages of guanjie in the Huangdineijing referred to 'pivotal node', while those mentioned in relation to edema or joint pain from wind and dampness meant 'node of entrance gate.' 3. The four entrances, eight nodes, extremity node, eight hollows, eight nodes of the limbs, twelve nodes, which are used similarly to guanjie, manage the five zang, communicate intimately via qi, while shen qi or zhen qi enter and exit. 4. Guanjie is closely linked to the five zang, while it is the entrance gate or pivotal node through which shen qi roams and travels. Therefore when interpreting a verse that includes 'guanjie', one must be aware of the perspectives of the Huangdineijing on qi, keeping in mind the close relationship with the five zang, and that zhen qi enters and exits.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.95-112
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• 2018

Objectives : This paper tried to explain the meaning of Shaoyangzhugu in Huangdineijing. Methods : The opinions on these matters that can be found in the past studies are analyzed to assess the strengths and limitations of today's explanations on the meaning of Shaoyangzhugu. Furthermore, this study attempted to suggest a more rational way of understanding that can supplement the opinions before. Results : The opinions that fail to provide a rational explanation on Shaoyangzhugu were disposed. It was found that the explanation of Shaoyangzhugu through the Shaoyang's pivot function has a potential of providing a rational understanding of Shaoyangzhugu. Following this, this study made a deduction based on the functions of gallbladder found in the Huangdineijing and explained the Shaoyang's pivot function. This study then proceeded to provide an explanation regarding Shaoyangzhugu based on this. Conclusions : Shaoyangzhugu in Huangdineijing is a function to maintain homeostasis of the skeleton of the whole body by Shaoyang's pivot function.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 2013

Objective : Each terminology has twofold meaning. Chinese character has several meanings because it is phonogram. Even if exactly same in shapes but the meaning is different. We should be more careful about meaning of the character Fu(胕) in Huangdineijing. Method : We try to find out the meaning of fu excluding meaning of fu(胕), edema(胕腫) in Huangdineijing. Result : Fu means fermented food, edema, sticking, skin, top side of the foot and so on. Conclusion : Someone who have concern traditional medical classics have to give attentions that characters in classics could get different meanings in same character.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 2009

Objectives: Huangdineijing, the major classic of Oriental Medicine, preserves several precedent diagnostic classics and it's methods. Qihaishu (奇咳術), is a name of such classic, and the name of it's essential method at the same time. Up to now, the whole features of that method has not been unveiled. In the present thesis, I presented some clues to figure out the method - Qihaishu. Methods: By comparison of some articles in Canggongliechuan (in Shiji) (史記倉公列傳) to those of Huangdineijing Suwen (黃帝內經素問), I reconstructed the diagnostic steps of Qihaishu. Results: It was proved that Qihaishu method was carried by comparison of left and right arterial pulse under the Wuxing (五行) context. Conclusion: Qihaishu is not a set of knowledge describing the features of diseases, but a pulse palpation method to get prognosises.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.127-138
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• 2018

Objectives : The paper reviews the texts related to Naosuxiaoshuo in Huangdineijing, and investigates its cause, mechanism, prognosis and symptom expressions. Methods : The paper searches for the texts within Huangdineijing that deal with Naosuxiaoshuo, and tries to clarify the significance and the characteristics of Naosuxiaoshuo using the annotators comments regarding this issue. Moreover, the paper tries to search for similarities between the symptoms of Naosuxiaoshuo and the relevant diseases in modern medicine. Results : Naosuxiaoshuo is a serious disease where the diminishing of the brain's parenchyma can even lead to death. The cause is yin-deficiency based on the lack of vital essence and body fluid, and it also can be caused by the external pathogen or other stimulations. Moreover, it shows some similarities with brain atrophy and cerebrospinal fluid diseases. Conclusions : Naosuxiaoshuo should be treated with a focus on yin-tonifying dealing with spleen related to production of body fluid and the kidney related to storage of vital essence. It is also important to prevent external pathogens or stimulations damaging the bone marrow.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.115-145
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• 2015

Objectives : In Huangdineijing(黃帝內經), there are many uncertain terms to express body structures, for example, Yuk(肉, flesh). The purpose of this study is to define the meaning of Yuk(肉, flesh) and relevant terminologies. Methods : To define the meaning and origin of Yuk(肉) character and relevant terminologies, examples in Huangdineijing(黃帝內經), Seolmunhaeja(說文解字) and other important references are investigated. Results : Yuk(肉) character has etymologically meant meat, and afterwards it has got meaning of flesh. In the main two terms derived from Yuk, Giyuk(肌肉) means flesh, and Bunyuk(分肉) means muscles in anatomical knowledges. Also Yuk has been the most important etymological word that means body, among the five parts of body[五體], Geun(筋, tedndon and ligament), Maek(脈, blood vessel), Yuk(肉 flesh), Pi(皮, skin) and Gol(骨, bone) to contribute to making basic meanings of those characters. Conclusions : It is necessary to make clear the definitions of many Korean medical terminologies especially in anatomical knowledges to be helpful for systematic management of terminologies.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.179-192
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• 2015

Objectives : In this article, the concept of Neishang and Zabing and the establishment of the terms, are investigated. Methods : The literatures related to the establishment of Neishang and Zabing, for example, Huangdineijing, Shanhanlun, Jinguiyaolue etc are selected and then the analysis and investigation of the significant documents has followed. Results : The concept of Neishang originally means the group of disease caused by internal pathogens, for example, emotions in Huangdineijing; however, it has become rarely mentioned in Shanhanlun, Jinguiyaolue. The other concept, Zabing that is used once as a name of chapter in Huangdineijing means the group of diseases without exogenous diseases after Shanhanzabinglun was published. Conclusions : The concept of Neishang has divided into qiqingneishang that is caused by emotion disorders in Sanyinfang in the Song dynasty, and yinshineishang argued by Lidongyuan, a doctor in the Jinyuan dynasty: the latter has been the main meaning of Neishang. The concept of Zabing had been used as a narrow sense, the rest diseases until it was extended to a broad sense, the name of disease group except for internal and body-based diseases.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.6
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• pp.144-169
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• 1993

As a result, a study of honshu(本輸) theory of Huangdineijing(黃帝內徑) was led to the next conclusions. 1. In Huangdineijing(黃帝內徑), the connection of bonshu(本輸) flows and jingmai(經脈)'s can be compared to that of the earth's surface water flows and subterranean's. Bonshu(本輸) exists on qi flows which is formed in consquence of running over of twelve jingqi(經氣) and fifteenth luoqi(絡氣) in four extremities. 2. While jingluo(經絡) is composed of twelve mai(脈), bonshu(本輸) is composed of eleven mai(脈), it is because xin(心) has no disease and also has no bonshu(本輸). Bonshu(本輸) is used to treat disease of viscera and entrails, and frequently used in autumn and winter, also used when the outer layer or the inner layer of human body is become a fighting area of zhengxie(正邪). Physiologically, jingmai(經脈) nourishes the whole body and it's acting is prospered in four extremities. Bonshu(本輸) flows is just described as the process of gathering and storing the fruits of jingmai(經脈)'s acting. 3. In wuxing(五行) attachment of bonshu(本輸), from a ti(體) point of view, jing(井) xing(榮) shu(兪) jing(經) he(合) is oderly attached to shui(水) mu(木) huo(火) tu(土) jin(金), and from a yong(用) point of view, which is divided into two, bonshu(本輸) of yang(陽) area is oderly attached to jin(金) shui(水) mu(木) huo(火) tu(土), while bonshu(本輸) of yin(陰) area is oderly attached to mu(木) huo(火) tu(土) jin(金) shui(水). 4. Huangfu mi(皇甫 謐) had stated the bonshu(本輸) of xin(心) in Jiayijing(甲乙經), his writings, and therefore have faded the meaning of the concept of Huangdineijing(黃帝內徑)'s "only xin(心) has no bonshu(本輸)". Hua shou(滑 壽) had stated bonshu(本輸) in oder of jingmai(經脈) flows in his writings, Shisijingfahui(十四經發揮) and therefore completely have faded the meaning of Huangdineijing(黃帝內徑)'s bonshu(本輸).

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.113-131
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• 2017

Objectives : Dianji is a classic mental disorder in oriental medicine. Dian is often used as a name of disease together with Xian and Kuang. However, much confusion arises due to the usage of such words as Diankuang or Dianxian without the full comprehension of these terms' meanings. Dian, especially, is contained in both, so there is a need to clearly define its meaning. Therefore, the paper aims to study in what context Huangdineijing, the oldest classical medical text in oriental medicine, used Dian. Methods : All statements in Huangdineijing containing Dian were studied to create a number of categories. Based on this analysis, the paper attempted to understand Dianji's symptoms, mechanism, natures, and more. Then lastly, the relationship between the usage of Kuang and Xian was pondered upon. Conclusions & Results : The mechanism of pathology of the Dianji in Huangdineijing can be understood within the scope of upper excess and lower deficiency and the reversal of qi. Additionally, Dianji refers to a sickness in the head, and has a essence of spirit disease. Dian and Kuang were expressed as two types of relationship. One expression was a form of symptom that becomes visible during the occurrence phase of Dian, and the other expression was the cases where it was used as an independent sign. On the other hand, there was no case where Xian and Dian were explained in conjunction with each other. However, there still exist some similarities, mainly in that both diseases revolves around epilepsy.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.855-863
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• 2012

The organic and holistic recognition method about nature in east asian philosophy is also applied to the study of the human body in Korean medicine. In Korean medicine, the human body is being understood from a holistic point of view rather than a mechanical or reductive one. The main east asian philosophies are the heavens thought and the Yin-yang/Five Phase Theory. This study will explore the influence the general flow of heavens thought has on explaining the human body in Korean medicine and the formation of how the human body is perceived in "Huangdineijing"(黃帝內經). First, the primitive meaning of heaven was developed to include the natural heaven of Xia (夏), the lord heaven of Shang(商) and the moral heaven of Zhou(周) dynasties. Among these, the natural heaven notion of the Xia(夏) dynasty which recognized heaven as the one with the power to create everything. This was followed by Taoism which established the contrasting system of heaven and earth. Based on this, "Huangdineijing"(黃帝 內經) developed the perception of the human body, taking into account, heaven as the original substance to generate the human body through the mutual sympathy between heavenly energy and earthly form. The perspective of the correspondence between nature and human in "Huainantzu"(淮南子) and "L$\breve{u}$shichunqiu"(呂氏春秋) was succeeded by Tung Chung-Shu(董仲舒). Based on this development, the perception of the human body in "Huangdineijing"(黃帝內經) is related to the seasonal cycle and the notion of night and day to balance the physiology of the human body. It recognizes that its structure, shape, emotional state and physiological actions are correlated with heaven.