• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.337-346
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to provide basic data of the growth characteristics of the landscape trees for better landscape planting design, construction and maintenance through the prediction of landscape change as time passes fly the analysis of survival rate, distribution patterns & increment percent of tree height, width, stem diameter (breast or surface) of widely used six tree species in Seongnam-si Eunhang-jugong apartment housing areas (8 years have passed after landsape alanting work). The main results can be summarized as followed. The tree survival rate of Pinus parviflora was the highest rate 89.2% than any other species, but Acer buergerianum showed the lowest survival rate at that of it 35.0%, & that of Picea abies 70.5 %, Metasequoia glyptostroboides 71.6%, Maknolia denudata 38.9%, Acer paimatum was 71.7%, As a whole, the tree survival rate of coniferous trees were relatively high. The tree height increment percent of the deciduous species wert relatively high. And that of Metasequoia glyptostroboides was the highest rate 11.61% than any other species, but that of Magnolia denudata was the lowest rate 5.59% than any other species. According to this results, the increment percent of trees in this apartment areas were comparatively lower than that of each related species planted in nursery area. And this results would be considered when landscape experts do landscape planting design, construction & maintenance. The distribution patterns of present tree size showed a Normal Distribution like any other biological features.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2007

This study is on landscape design of existing rural village focused on for improvement of community. It's so one of serious problems in landscape in almost rural area of the nation. For the finding clue of landscape design of village view through this study, we surveyed 1 village located in Sangju city. By surveying landscape design factor of village, we can propose design method and a few results as follow; Firstly, the structure of village landscape has five principle factors. The five factors of landscape are history and culture, housing and building, nature, agriculture, and environment design. Secondly, color existing of housings is to contain a primary color on roof which is not in harmony. Nevertheless, we can also find the reform measure and the possibility because of the knowledge of village people.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.6 s.107
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• pp.52-67
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• 2005

The purposes of this study were to classify the changing periods of apartment outdoor space in Korea and to clearly understand the specific characteristics of each period. The study has been done through on-site observation of apartment complexes, and through the analysis of housing estate planning techniques, rules and regulations affecting outdoor spaces during the rapidly developing era. The results of this study shows that three major periods with distinct characteristics were found, which were as follows: 1) The first well defined period spans from 1960 to 1990. In this period, apartment construction was rapid, and as a result, quality of housing environments were sacrificed. As little attention was given to the landscapes in apartment complex, they were constructed very simple and identical in outdoor space of apartment complex. This period can be referred to as the 'commonly universal period in apartment outdoor space'. 2) The second period spans from 1991 to 1996, during which time a housing construction project for two million residences was completed in order to significantly stimulate the provision of houses to the general public. As a result, regulations were relaxed causing housing environments to deteriorate. Although apartments were constructed very close together, there was some diversification and experimentation in outdoor styles. This period can be referred to as the 'congestion period of apartment outdoor space'. 3) The third period spans from 1997 to the present. During this time the number of unsold apartments has grown considerably throughout the country. Many different apartment complex marketing strategies have been employed to reduced the glut of unsold apartments. This experimental trend has continued and been well-received since the IMF period. The distinguishing characteristics of this period are the introduction of a rich natural landscape, the increase in communications among residents, the human oriented design, and the refined and elegant design for the outdoor street furnitures. As a result, this period can be named the "differentiation period of apartment outdoor space".

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.1-7
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to develop the urban design guidelines in detached housing areas for the improvement and management of residential townscape. Through a detail examination and analysis of the urban design guidelines and landscape regulations of U.S.A, Japan, and Korea to be applied to detached housing area for residential townscape, the urban design guidelines in detached housing area was derived. Urban design guidelines are composed of building guidelines, landscape guidelines, street guidelines, and sign guidelines. The municipality have to make regulations in detached housing area for the improvement and management of residential townscape based on this urban design guidelines.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.66 no.1
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• pp.8-15
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• 1984

This study reflects our conviction that the maintenance of the landscape plants in apartment housing areas has appeared as an important factor. The defects ratio of the landscape plants shows high in the study, which tells us a serious situation were facing in consideration of the quality of residential Life. Methods for the effective maintenance of the landscape plants are recommended as follows; First, the landscape plants in apartment housing areas should be maintained by a specialist in landscape architecture. Second, the co-operative maintenance between inhabitants and specialists is required. Third, the over-all understanding of the landscape plants should be improved.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.27-36
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to provide necessary information for the establishment of remodeling range needed first to support the future remodeling of rural housing. For this, this study examined landscape characteristics of rural housing such as an outer wall, a roof, a fence, and a gate which are main elements of forming the landscape of a rural village and rural residents' perception for remodeling. The results were as follows. The subject rural housing mostly had a timber structure and a masonry structure. Common roof types were a hip-and-gable roof and a gable roof. Frequent materials were a panel, a tile, and slate and common colors were primary colors such as reddish brown, black, and gray. A fence made of cement blocks and finished by a white paint was often found. A closed gate with iron frames was common. A standup kitchen and a flush toilet inside the house were common. The family members of rural residents were mostly two including a farmer husband and his wife. Elderly people of sixty and over were the most common. For residential environment satisfaction, a half of respondents were not unsatisfied with residential environment mostly due to an old house. Most respondents who were not satisfied with residential environment had high perception for the need of remodeling. The most commonly asked remodeling part was a roof, followed by a toilet, and an outer wall, indicating that the need of exterior remodeling was higher than that of interior remodeling. For a remodeling method, a total improvement was preferred. Although some rural village housing was improved by support of the government, local governments, or social groups, there are still many old houses. As this co-existence of improved houses and old houses hinders the landscape of rural village, it is necessary to give a support. But rural residents' requests should be first actively reflected to establish a guideline of supporting rural house remodeling.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.83-93
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• 2007

Following the previous ones, this study is intended to explore methods of qualitative assessment on the view from apartment units. It first complemented and analyzed the attributes of landscape elements and then set up questionnaire items based on these attributes to identify the tendencies in apartment inhabitants' recognition of landscape elements, and then conducted a preference assessment on the test cases sampled on the basis of picture and other data collected in the previous studies to identify the characteristics of the preference for the view from apartment units according to landscape elements. Consequently, the following results have been derived. First, the landscape elements seen from apartment units may be classified into a total of sixteen categories, and the overall ratio of natural elements to artificial ones is shown to be approximately one to three. Second, it is also shown that apartment dwellers tend to prefer natural landscape elements over artificial ones, and the preferences for the distance to and location of landscape elements exhibit certain variance depending on the type of the elements. Third, the analysis of the preference for landscape elements has revealed that the types of landscape elements, the make-up and diversity of landscape elements, and the perceived distance to landscape elements as well as the resultant feeling of openness all affect the preference tendencies.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.1-8
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• 2010

The research measured 14 spots including four streetlights, five public buildings, and five officetels to obtain data needed for the improvement of townscape, grasping the characteristics of the design of landscape lighting of Dongdaeguro in Daegu Metropolitan city. The result of the research shows that landscape lighting by outside lightings of buildings had almost no effect and also it was formed with darker landscape lighting due to high buildings that had no effect of outside lighting. In addition, landscape lighting by streetlights have no unity due to different management facilities of the lightstreets.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.37-48
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• 2018

As part of the housing policy on the concentration of large cities due to economic growth, large-scale construction was carried out for many years, but the focus of the quality improvement was largely on the quality supply. With criticism that such large-scale housing construction is distorting urban and rural landscape, it was forced from 2000 to apply the district unit plan to the development of housing sites with a certain scale and the district unit plan. In addition, it evaluated how the rural and urban landscape would look during the planning of the District Unit Plan, and how the resulting space would have an objective effect on urban and rural areas and how it would be evaluated for harmony. Therefore, this study applies and evaluates the weighted value of each inspection point selected by Lee lim jung (2016) to compare and analyze the actual application of the inspection point and the review report. As a result, it was assessed that no rational landscape planning was established because many simulation presentations were made at the lower priority point, and little was presented at the higher priority. The view point weights were distributed in the Landscape Review of the District Unit Plan with a score of up to 36 points from the lowest of 6 points, which resulted in the view simulation being reviewed in terms of various aspects.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.29-36
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• 2011

The inconsistent city planning damaged the city's landscape & identity, the old days. Nowadays the central and local governments are interested in the city's landscape design for residents, economic reason, etc. Color is most efficient one of design elements to improve a city landscape. So to establish the uniqueness and beauty of Gunsan city landscape, this study was performed to find out Gunsan landscape colors to survey the landscape color, by priority. There are nature environment of sea, river, reservoir, mountains and plain and artificial environment of buildings used japanese occupation period, them in early modern era and modern things. It found out the color palette has extracted from the present colors in the city landscape. There were mostly colors with low chroma, middle value and the next thing was them with high value. The blue among hue was strong. The Chroma was very low to be concentrated in $L^*$ axis. So achromatic color or blue/green of middle value and low chroma were recommended for dominant color and the similar color of former color was good for assort color in Gunsan city landscape.