• 제목/요약/키워드: Household waste

검색결과 132건 처리시간 0.027초

Characterization of household solid waste and current status of municipal waste management in Rishikesh, Uttarakhand

  • Rawat, Suman;Daverey, Achlesh
    • Environmental Engineering Research
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    • 제23권3호
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    • pp.323-329
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    • 2018
  • The municipal solid waste (MSW) management system in one of the Class II Indian cities i.e. Rishikesh was studied and analysed to identify the key issues in solid waste management in the city. A total of 329 solid waste samples from 47 households were collected to characterize the household solid waste (HSW). The average (HSW) generation rate was 0.26 kg/c/d and it was composed of organic waste (57.3%), plastics (14%), paper (10.9%), and glass and ceramic (1.3%) and other materials (16.5%). There was an inverse relationship between household waste generation rate and family size (p < 0.05). The MSW management system practiced in Rishikesh is unsound. There is no waste segregation at source, no provisions of composting and no recycling by formal sector. The collection and transportation of waste is inadequate and inappropriate. Collected waste is dumped in open dumping site without scientific management. Following are some recommendations for developing a sustainable solid waste management system in Rishikesh city: (1) sensitize people for segregation at source; (2) promote reduction, reuse and recycling of wastes; (3) promote community based composting; (4) provision for 100% door to door collection and; (5) formalize the informal sectors such as rag pickers and recycling industries.

음식물쓰레기 탈수액의 혐기성 생분해 특성 (Characteristics of Anaerobic Degradation on Dewatered Liquid of Household Food Waste.)

  • 김우성;서정윤;이영형
    • 한국환경농학회지
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    • 제17권3호
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    • pp.234-238
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    • 1998
  • Anaerobic degradation characteristics of dewatered liquid of household food waste including methane conversion efficiency and degradation kinetics were studied in an anaerobic batch reactor of 5 L volume. The ultimate methane production for dewatered liquid of household food waste tested was over 0.31L $CH_4/L{\cdot}dewatered$ liquid of household food waste. The kinetic constant of dewatered liquid of household food waste tested was $0.223d^{-1}/L$. The kinetic behavior of anaerobic degradation was described as a first order series reaction. The determinant of rate-limiting step(DR) that is balanced out from the rates of reaction steps was defined by the logarithmic difference of the maximum acidification rate and the maximum methanation rate. Anaerobic degradation characteristics of organic materials were evaluated by the value of DR. The DR of dewatered liquid of household food waste tested was 1.17.

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폐폴리에틸렌 필름의 재활용에 관한 연구 (A Study on Recycling of Waste Polyethylene Film)

  • 이환광
    • 한국산학기술학회논문지
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    • 제9권1호
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    • pp.182-188
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    • 2008
  • 폐폴리에틸렌 필름을 재활용하기 위하여 폐폴리에틸렌과 비산재를 사용하여 콤파운드를 제조하였다. 실험에 사용한 고분자는 생활쓰레기에서 분리수거한 폴리에틸렌(PE)과 포장용 필름을 생산하는 공장에서 발생하는 스크랩에서 얻어지는 저밀도폴리에틸렌(LDPE)과 선형저밀도폴리에틸렌(LLDPE)이다. 폐폴리에틸렌의 물리적 성질을 개량시키기 위하여 화력발전소 굴뚝에서 포집한 석탄재와 생활쓰레기 소각로굴뚝에서 얻어지는 비산재를 사용하였다. 발전소 석탄재를 투입하면 재활용 LDPE와 LLDPE 콤파운드의 인장강도는 감소하고 굴곡모듈러스는 증가하였다. 역청탄재를 혼합한 경우에 비하여 무연탄재를 투입한 LLDPE 콤파운드의 인장강도와 굴곡강도가 약간 높았으며, 이는 무연탄재가 다소 많은 량의 미연소 탄소를 가지기 때문으로 사료된다. 생활쓰레기에서 얻어진 PE 단독에 소각로 비산재를 투입하면 인장강도와 굴곡강도가 모두 증가하였다. 이와 같은 소각로 비산재에 의한 상승효과는 생활쓰레기 PE에 포장용 필름 스크랩의 LDPE를 섞게 되면 Filler 입자가 LDPE의 결정화를 방해하기 때문에 상쇄되는 현상이 관찰되었다. 소각로 비산재를 혼합하여 생활쓰레기 PE를 재활용한 콤파운드는 하수관 등을 제조하는 원료로 사용이 가능하다. 본 연구결과를 폐플라스틱의 재활용에 적용시키면 폐기물처리 비용을 절감하고 환경보존과 자원절약에 기여할 수 있다.

음식쓰레기 퇴비화과정 중 중금속함량 변화 (Heavy Metal Contents of Compost from Household Food Waste)

  • 서정윤
    • 유기물자원화
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    • 제4권1호
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    • pp.23-31
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    • 1996
  • 가정에서 분리수거한 쓰레기와 혼합쓰레기 및 퇴비화 과정중에 있는 쓰레기의 중금속 농도를 측정하였다. 카드뮴의 농도는 봄철에 8 mg/kg 쓰레기, 겨울철에 13 mg/kg 쓰레기였다. 중금속의 농도는 월별로 큰 차이를 보였으며 1월과 2월, 4월, 5월에는 카드뮴의 함량이 부산물 퇴비의 기준인 5 mg/kg 쓰레기의 농도를 초과하였다. 가정쓰레기가 혼합되기 전 분리수거된 음식쓰레기의 퇴비화 과정중에 카드뮴의 함량을 측정한 바, 봄철과 겨울철에 부산물 퇴비화의 기준치를 초과하였다. 분리수거된 가정쓰레기에 수분조절제로 첨가된 석탄회는 퇴비중의 중금속 함량을 낮추는 효과가 있었다. 소형 퇴비화 용기에서 1개월 퇴비화한 음식쓰레기를 야외에서 야적하여 숙성시켰는데, 이 기간동안에 중금속의 축적은 일어나지 않았다.

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생활 폐기물 다중 객체 검출과 분류를 위한 i-YOLOX 구조에 관한 연구 (A Study on the i-YOLOX Architecture for Multiple Object Detection and Classification of Household Waste)

  • 왕웨이광;정경권;이태원
    • 융합보안논문지
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    • 제23권5호
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    • pp.135-142
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    • 2023
  • 생활 폐기물 쓰레기는 기후 변화, 자원 부족, 환경 오염을 불러오는 대표적인 문제로서, 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 지능적으로 쓰레기를 분류하는 방식을 연구하였고, 전통적인 분류 알고리즘부터 기계학습, 신경망에 이르기까지 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 그러나, 다양한 환경과 조건에서 쓰레기를 분류하기에는 여전히 데이터셋이 부족하고, 신경망 네트워크 구성 복잡도가 증가하며, 성능 측면에서도 실생활에 적용하기에 아직 미흡하다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 신속한 분류와 정확도 향상을 위해 i-YOLOX를 제안하고, 네트워크 매개변수, 검출속도, 정확도 등을 평가한다. 이를 위해 17개의 폐기물 범주를 포함하는 10,000개의 가정용 쓰레기 대상 샘플로 데이터 세트를 구성하고, YOLOX 구조에 Involution 채널 컨볼루션 연산자와 CBAM(Convolution Branch Attention Module)을 도입하여 i-YOLOX를 구성하고, 기존의 YOLO 구조와 성능을 비교한다. 실험 결과 복잡한 장면에서 쓰레기 객체 검출 속도와 정확도가 기존의 신경망에 비해 향상되어, 제안한 i-YOLOX 구조가 생활 폐기물 다중 객체 검출과 분류에 효과적임을 확인하였다.

Ethanol Production from Artificial Domestic Household Waste Solubilized by Steam Explosion

  • Nakamura, Yoshitoshi;Sawada, Tatsuro
    • Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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    • 제8권3호
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    • pp.205-209
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    • 2003
  • Solubilization of domestic household waste through Steam explosion with Subsequent ethanol production by the microbial saccharifitation and fermentation of the exploded product was studied. The effects of steam explosion on the changes of the density, viscosity, pH, and amounts of extractive components in artificial household waste were determined. The composition of artificial waste used was similar to leftover waste discharged from a typical home in Japan. Consecutive microbial saccharification and fermentation, and simultaneous microbial saccharification and fermentation of the Steam-exploded product were attempted using Aspergillus awamori, Trichoderma viride, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae; the ethanol yields of each process were compared. The highest ethanol yield was obtained with simultaneous microbial saccharification and fermentation of exploded product at a steam pressure of 2 MPa and a steaming time of 3 min.

Accounting for the Water Footprint Impact of Food Waste within Korean Households

  • Adelodun, Bashir;Kim, Sang Hyun;Choi, Kyung Sook
    • 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국수자원학회 2020년도 학술발표회
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    • pp.119-119
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    • 2020
  • Globally, the demand for food and water resources are increasing rapidly with the growing concerns of meeting the projected population upsurge, specifically by 2050. The global population is projected to hit 9.8 billion in 2050 while the food demand is expected to increase by 77% from the 2007 base year. Moreover, the already scarce water resources, especially in the food-producing regions, expected to be significantly affected as food production already accounts for over 70% of the global water resources. However, the estimated food demand encapsulated the actual demand for both human consumption and animal feed in addition to the exuberant food waste at the consumption stage of the supply chain, notably in the developed countries. Managing the food consumption demand and food waste can have across-the-board benefits on water resources and other associated food production impacts. This study assessed the water-saving potentials through food waste in Korean households using the food waste data obtained from the direct weighing analysis. The household food waste collection and characterization were carried out during the summer (July), fall (September), and winter (December) seasons of 2019. The water footprint related to the food waste within Korean households was based on the water footprint concept, i.e. indirect water use. The results of our estimation showed that an average Korean household wasted 6.15 ± 4.36 kg daily, amounting to 12.53 ± 11.10 m3 of water resources associated with the waste. On the per capita basis, an average of 0.024 ± 0.017 kg/capita/day of food was wasted resulting to 0.049 ± 0.044 m3/capital/day of water resources wasted. The food waste types that accounted for the principal share in the water footprint were beef, soybean, rice and pork with values 30.7, 10.1, 9.6, and 7.5%, respectively. Considering that the production of meat and meat products are water intensive and the agricultural water use in Korea is largely for rice production, addressing the food waste of these two important agricultural products can be a hotspot for water saving potential in the country. This study therefore provides an insight to addressing the water scarcity in the country through reducing household food waste.

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Water-Environment-Economic nexus analysis of household food waste impacts: A case study of Korean households

  • Adelodun, Bashir;Cho, Gun Ho;Kim, Sang Hyun;Odey, Golden;Choi, Kyung Sook
    • 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국수자원학회 2021년도 학술발표회
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    • pp.148-149
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    • 2021
  • Food waste has increasingly become a global issue of concern among the researchers and policymakers due to its significant environmental and economic impacts, and other associated unsustainable use of resources, including water resources. While food wastage occurs at each stage of the supply chain with food loss at the upstream and food waste at the downstream, the impacts of food waste occurring at the consumption side are enormous due to the accumulated added values. In this study, the embedded water resources, greenhouse gas emissions, and economic loss of household food waste were investigated. The primary granular data of household food waste was collected through direct sampling from 218 selected households of the Buk-gu community in Daegu, South Korea from July 2019 to May 2020. The water footprint, which was based on the water footprint concept, i.e., indirect water use, and GHG emission potential factor for each of the food items were adopted from the literature, while the retail prices and disposal cost were used to assess the economic cost of wasted food items. The water footprint, GHG emission associated with environmental impacts, and the economic cost of 42 major identified wasted food items were conducted. The findings showed that an average of 0.73 ± 0.06 kg/household/day edible food waste was generated among the sampled households, with leafy vegetable, watermelon, and rice responsible for 10, 9, and 4%, respectively, of the total weight of the 42 food wasted items. The water footprint and environmental impact of the household food waste resulted in 0.46 ± 0.04 m3 and 0.71±0.05 kg CO2eq, respectively. Beef, pork, poultry, and rice accounted for 52, 9, 5, and 4% of the total water footprint, while beef, pork, rice, tofu/cheese had 52, 8, 6, and 6% of the total emissions, respectively, embedded in the food wasted. Furthermore, the average estimated economic cost associated with wasted food items was 3855.93±527.27 Korean won, with beef, fish, and leafy vegetable responsible for 21, 13, and 10%, respectively, of the total economic cost. A combined assessment using water-environmental-economic nexus indicated that animal-based food had the highest footprint impacts, with beef, pork, and poultry indicating high indices of 0.3, 0.08, and 0.06 respectively, on a scale of 0 to 1, compared to corn and lettuce with lowest impacts of 0.02. Other food items had moderate impact values ranging from 0.03 to 0.05. This study, therefore, provides insight into the enormity of environmental and economic implications of household food waste among Korean households.

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폐소형가전의 물리적 성상 분석 및 플라스틱 재활용에 관한 연구 (A Study on Physical Characteristics and Plastics Recycling of Used Small Household Appliances)

  • 최우진;박은규;강석환;정밤빛;김수경
    • 자원리싸이클링
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    • 제25권1호
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    • pp.31-39
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    • 2016
  • 전기밥솥, 청소기, 선풍기 등 폐소형가전 기기들은 종류 및 품목에 따라 내부 구성 물질과 플라스틱 재질이 다양하기 때문에 해체 및 선별에 특정기술의 적용이 어려운 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 폐소형가전 제품 중 재활용 업체에서 비교적 취급양이 많은 품목 중, 전기밥솥 등 5개 품목을 대상으로 수작업으로 해체 후 물리적 성상을 분석하였다. 또한, 폐소형가전은 대형가전제품에 비해 플라스틱의 함량이 비교적 높을 뿐만 아니라 재질이 다양하여, 재질별 선별이 어려워 플라스틱의 재활용에 걸림돌이 되고 있다. 특히, 폐소형가전의 경우 검정색 플라스틱의 비율이 상대적으로 높아 재질 선별이 제대로 이루어지지 못하여, 혼합물의 형태로 저급 재활용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 중액선별, 정전선별 그리고 근적외선 선별 등 기존의 선별 기술을 적용하여 검정색 플라스틱에 대한 재질 선별 가능성을 검토하였으며, 각 기술에 대한 문제점 및 제한사항을 제시하였다.

Solid household waste characterization and fresh leachate treatment: Case of Kasba Tadla city, Morocco

  • Benyoucef, Fatima;Makan, Abdelhadi;El Ghmari, Abderrahman;Ouatmane, Aziz
    • Environmental Engineering Research
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    • 제20권4호
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    • pp.363-369
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    • 2015
  • This study aims to characterize solid household waste and to present physicochemical characteristics of fresh leachate before landfilling in Kasba Tadla city, Morocco. Obtained results show that household waste produced in 2013 were about 11,787 tons, or 0.27 tons/capita/year. These wastes were composed essentially of organic materials (74%), paper (8%), plastics (9%), metals (1%), and glass (0.5%). However, monthly produced leachate ranges from a maximum of $130.92m^3$ during summer and a minimum of $21.88m^3$ in winter. Moreover, leachate treatment using Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket technique was accompanied by a decrease in electrical conductivity, certainly related to leachate-sediment chemical exchanges. Otherwise, the same acidity reduction phenomenon occurs when pH value increased from 4.49 to 6.17 after 24 hours, confirming the system response since the early stages of treatment. In addition, temporal evolution of the treatment efficiency in terms of COD highlighted a very important reduction which reached 94% after 5 days with an average temperature of $25^{\circ}C$.