• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.37-46
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• 1998

Distribution structure is the link between a society's needs and its industrial responses. A change in distribution structure brings about a consumption structure which may results in considerable changes in lifestyle including food habits. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a effect of change of distribution structure on the food purchase. The survey was carried from May to June, 1997 by way of questionnaire of 407 housewives, aged 23-64 years, in Seoul and the capital area. The questionaire consists of sociodemographic characteristics of the subjects and distribution channel, information route of food selection, acknowledgement and coefficient of utilization of new distribution channel, mainly used distribution channel in food purchase, important factors in food selection, and food purchasing behavior. Their data were statistically analyzed based on frequency, mean, and $X^2-test$. The major findings of this study were as follows; 1) Most frequently used distribution channels in food purchase were supermarket(38.53%), department store(15.23%), discount store(14.05%), a conventional retail market(13.87%), membership wholesale club(8.07%), and a conventional wholesale market(6.53%). 2) The new distribution channels that subjects have ever used were discount store(75.4% of the subject), membership wholesale club(63%), mail order house(32%), outlet store(29.4%), home shopping(10.3%). 3) Compared to the subject living far from the new distribution channel, the subject living close to the new distribution channel was higher in frequency of new distribution channel utilization. These observations suggest that change of the distribution structure promotes the change of the food purchasing behavior.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.73-85
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• 1971

A epidemiological study was conducted by author on 925 official reported patients with the first grade legal communicable disease during the period from January 1969 to December 1970 in all area of Kangwon province. As the results of this study, tile following conclusion were obtained. A) Typhoid fever 1. Of all 925 patients surveyed, typhoid fever showed the highest rate as 50.7 percent. 2. Age group from 10 to 14 years old showed the highest rates 3. High epidemic period was from June to September. 4. As for the occupational distribution, unemployed showed the highest rate as 63.2 percent, followed by-21.1 percent in farmer and 9.4 percent in student. 5. Most of all patients(93.7%) were isolated in their own house 6. The morbidity rate was 16.0 per 100, 000 population and case fatality rate was 1.76 percent 7. The mean of the duration from onset to diagnosis and carnation were 11.7$\pm$7.1 days and 25.1$\pm$13, 8 days respectively. 8. Main diagnostic method was almost the clinical examination B) Dysentery 1, Of all 925 patients surveyed, dysentery showed 44.4 percent 2. Age group from 0 to 9 years old showed the highest rate 3. High epidemic period of this disease was from April to August 4. As for the occupational distribution, unemployed showed the highest rate as 73.9 percent, followed by 17.7 person in farmers and 7.0 percent in student 5. the attack rate of agricultural area was higher than of fishing area 6. The mean of the duration from onset to diagnosis and crating duration were 10.4$\pm$4.3 days and 15.7$\pm$8.8 days respectively. 7. The morbidity rate and case fatality rate were 21.8 per 100.000 population and 1.46 percent, respectively. 8. Most of all patients were isolated in own house 9. Most of all patients (97.6%) were diagnosed by the clinical examination C) Diphtheria 1. As for the age distribution, 0-4 years old group showed the highest rate as 44.4 percent followed by 27.7 percent in 5-9 years old group and 22.2 percent in 10-14 years old group 3. Epidemic season was almost in autumn, winter and spring 3. The morbidity rate was 0.96 per 100.000 population and case fatality rate was high as 26.6 percent 4. 66.6 percent of this disease was isolated in their own house and the others were admitted in hospital D) Paratyphoid fever 1. Most of all patients were attacked below 20 years old 2. Epidemic season was almost was almost in late summer 3. The morbidity rate was 0.53 per 100.000 population 4. The mean of the duration from onset to diagnosis and crating duration were 18.3$\pm$1.3 day and 13.7$\pm$0.2 day. respectively.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.7-26
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• 2012

Nakseonjae in Changdeokgung Palace was established at The King Hunjong's 13rd year (1847), the mid-19th century. It was constructed for own rests of King Hunjong and the residence of Kyungbin (king's concubines), and is showing features of upper-class houses from several points such as rustic architectural types by getting out of authoritative aspects as king's shelter space within the palace, block and floor distribution that separated spaces for men and women, simplicity in structures and styles, and non-colorful painting etc. This study aims at tracing on which architectural types did the upper-class houses within Hanyang (modern Seoul) at late Joseon Dynasty have and what was characteristics of Nakseonjae. The resemblance between Nakseonjae and the upper-class houses was very little differences from scale aspects, and floor plan shapes of Anchae (women's quarters) and Sarangchae (men's quarters) were followed basic common styles. Also, resemblance could be confirmed in the structural styles too. Characteristics of Nakseonjae are showing apparent differences from clearance compositions such as hall configuration etc. Nakseonjae was king's dwelling place, and spaces for house's collateral functions such as kitchen, stable, and warehouse etc together with shrine were unnecessary, and such places were substituted into servants' quarters for assisting the Royal family. In detailed structural styles, column's size was larger 3cm or more than the upper-class houses, and its height was higher to the degree of 30~60cm. Besides, formality as king's shelter space was raised more in decorating aspects, and Nakseonjae was implemented by getting architectural influences from Qing Dynasty of China. This study induced features of Hanyang's upper-class houses at the 19th century by supplementing distribution and space configurations at existing cases of Seoul and Gyeonggi area together with house diagrams having been collected by Gaokdohyung (site and floor plan) of Jangseogak Library, and confirmed resemblances and differences with Nakseonjae, that is, features of Nakseonjae. Through the result, this study judges a fact that architecture of Nakseonjae seemed to be affected from conveniences of upper-class houses within Hanseong, and also architectural styles and distribution types of Nakseonje would give influences to the upper-class houses.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.61-71
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• 2015

Purpose - Before the year 2000, the housing prices in Korea were increasing every decade. After 2000, for the first time, Korea experienced a decrease in housing prices, and the repetitive cycle of price fluctuation started. Such a "boom and bust cycle" is a worldwide phenomenon. The current study proposes a mathematical model to explain price fluctuation cycles based on the theory of consumer psychology. Specifically, the model incorporates the effects of buyer expectations of future prices on actual price changes. Based on the model, this study investigates various independent variables affecting the amplitude of price fluctuations in housing markets. Research design, data, and methodology - The study provides theoretical analyses based on a mathematical model. The proposed model uses the following assumptions of the pricing mechanism in housing markets. First, the price of a house at a certain time is affected not only by its current price but also by its expected future price. Second, house investors or buyers cannot predict the exact future price but make a subjective prediction based on observed price changes up to the present. Third, the price is determined by demand changes made in previous time periods. The current study tries to explain the boom-bust cycle in housing markets with a mathematical model and several numerical examples. The model illustrates the effects of consumer price elasticity, consumer sensitivity to price changes, and the sensitivity of prices to demand changes on price fluctuation. Results - The analytical results imply that even without external effects, the boom-bust cycle can occur endogenously due to buyer psychological factors. The model supports the expectation of future price direction as the most important variable causing price fluctuation in housing market. Consumer tendency for making choices based on both the current and expected future price causes repetitive boom-bust cycles in housing markets. Such consumers who respond more sensitively to price changes are shown to make the market more volatile. Consumer price elasticity is shown to be irrelevant to price fluctuations. Conclusions - The mechanism of price fluctuation in the proposed model can be summarized as follows. If a certain external shock causes an initial price increase, consumers perceive it as an ongoing increasing price trend. If the demand increases due to the higher expected price, the price goes up further. However, too high a price cannot be sustained for long, thus the increasing price trend ceases at some point. Once the market loses the momentum of a price increase, the price starts to drop. A price decrease signals a further decrease in a future price, thus the demand decreases further. When the price is perceived as low enough, the direction of the price change is reversed again. Policy makers should be cognizant that the current increase in housing prices due to increased liquidity can pose a serious threat of a sudden price decrease in housing markets.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 2001

The distribution of procymidone in a small vinyl house containing cucumber plants or mimic plants was investigated after application of smoke generator. The deposition of procymidone on glass plate and filter paper was significantly similar to that on cucumber leaves, so that glass plate and filter paper could be substituted for cucumber leaves on deposition studies. The deposition of procymidone was proportional to the horizontally projected area of surface; the deposition on the horizontal surface was maximal, and the deposition was minimal for the perpendicular surface. The amount of deposition on the backside of leaf was less than 5% compared to that on the horizontal surface of leaf. The height of leaf from the floor was not a significant factor influencing on the deposition of procymidone whether leaves were overlapped or not. However, the deposition of procymidone on the overlapped leaves was relatively less than that on the unoverlapped leaves. And the deposition difference depending on the distance between leaves was not observable. Overall, the deposition of procymidone was proportionally increased with the application rate of smoke generator, but the deposition was inversely related to the sum of the total horizontal leaf area of mimic plants and the surface area of floor.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.368-378
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to analyze the accessibility to dental facilities and the differences in chief complaints of new patients who visited Pusan National University Dental Hospital. We collected information from electronic medical records for 1,820 new patients. The accessibility was analyzed by measuring the distance from the patient's house to the dental facilities. The distance was categorized into 10 km sections, and the presence or absence of a local pediatric dental clinic within 10 km of the patient's house was also categorized. As the distance between the house and Pusan National University Dental Hospital increased, the proportion of patients who visited for dental caries decreased, and orthodontic treatment increased. Dental caries accounts for 27.9% of less than 10 km and 20.5% over 30 km. Orthodontic treatment accounts for 25.4% within 10 km and 27.3% more than 30 km away. The presence or absence of a local pediatric dental clinic within 10 km did not significantly affect the distribution of chief complaints. This study can be used as basic research data to establish effective treatment measures that can improve the physical and geographical accessibility of patients visiting pediatric dentistry.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.64-81
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• 2015

The Treasure No.165 of Ojukhen is a separate house(別堂) which was still remained as a gentry house in the earliest day. The formative aspects have the important meaning as the history of Korean architecture. Specially the place is famous for Shin, Saim-dang(申師任堂) gave birth to Yulgok(栗谷) Yi, I(李珥). The house was built by one's family of Gangneung Choi clan(江陵崔氏) but Son-in-law inherited the house because there was the practice of inheritance by equal distribution and the mother of Shin, Saim-dang, Yongin Lee clan(龍仁李氏) inherited Gwon, Cheo-kyun(權處均) who was her hrandson under the condition of looking after the tomb. The reason why house name was Ojukhen is that Gwon, Cheo-kyun's another name is Ojukhen. Ojukhen is cultural properties which showed the change of practicing inheritance and ancestral rites. Ojukhen has the special relationship of one's grandson and did not have such of immediate family. This is because there were customs husband had to go to married woman's house and live there during short time. Yongin Lee clan and Shin, Saimdang has lived in the Ojukhen. Yongin Lee clan lived there after marrying. Shin Saimdang also spent a time of living her house after marrying and his son(Yi, I) was born in the place. Yi, I spent their time under Yongin Lee clan and one's mother's parents. Therefore he had a good relationship with his maternal grandmother. This is why his maternal grandmother became a descendant offering sacrifice to his ancestors. The reason why Gwon, Chen-kyun looked after the tomb of Yongin Lee clan was also Gwon, Hwa(權和) became sonin-law who lives with his wife's family. Ojukhen is the showcase of finding the marriage and living manage in the early Joseon Dynasty. The most village of Buk-Pyeong(北坪村) in the Gangneung called by Yi, I's one's mother's parents' home. Since after, the place was changed as the clan village immediate family of Andong Kwang clan(安東權氏) of Gwon, Cheokyun of Chumilgong family(樞密公派). After 17C, there were social historic changings focused on relative group. Ojukhen was the start of changing the clan village. Ojukhen is cultural properties which showed inheritance, relative, marriage in the turning point of Joseon Dynasty.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.69-84
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• 1992

This study is a trial to syustematize the types of Minga(house of the lower class) that is distributed in the whole Korean penninsula. It is thought that, it can be systematised by using the method of five step' assortment shich is able to divide the types of Minga. Five steps are as follows: 1. The system of appearance and evolution of floor 2. The system of forms 3. Areal distribution of forms 4. State of gathering of living spaces 5. Variety of forms

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Entomolohy Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.155-155
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• 2002

• The Magazine of the Society of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Engineers of Korea
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.183-190
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• 1975

Most Korean houses are heated by the Ondol heating system. There has been, however, no reasonable design procedure availabe yet for the system. The conventional design should be improved to have auniform floor surface. temperature distribution and to have a high thermal efficiency. Thermal efficiencies of the ondol were defined and the method of experimentation was studied. An experiment, using a life-size model which was well insulated, was performed to observe the variation in thermal efficiency as the length of fuel burning time was varied.