• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제12권6호
• /
• pp.2815-2822
• /
• 2011

무선 센서 네트워크에서 클러스터링 기법은 클러스터를 형성하여 데이터를 병합한 후 한 번에 전송해서 에너지를 효율적으로 사용하는 기법이다. 본 논문에서는 클러스터 그룹 모델을 이용한 계층적 불균형 클러스터링 기법을 제안한다. 이 기법은 전체 네트워크를 두 개의 계층으로 나누어 클러스터 그룹으로 형성된 2계층의 데이터를 병합해서 1계층으로 보내고, 다시 1계층에서 데이터를 병합하여 기지국으로 보낸다. 이와 같이 제안된 기법은 다중 홉 통신 구조와 클러스터 그룹 모델을 같이 이용함으로써 전체 에너지 소모량을 줄인다. 이러한 방식은 다중 홉 통신이지만 불균형 클러스터를 구축하여 핫 스팟 문제를 어느 정도 해결하고 있다. 실험을 통하여 제안된 계층적 불균형 클러스터링 기법이 이전의 클러스터링 기법보다 네트워크 에너지 효율이 향상되었음을 보였다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기계학회 2001년도 추계학술대회논문집B
• /
• pp.837-841
• /
• 2001

Almost all power plant boiler has temperature distribution nonuniformity problem in heat transfer tube flow path. It can cause hot spot damage of superheated or reheated heat transfer section and reduce maintenance schedule when nonuniformity is severe. There are two solutions for improvement temperature nonuniformity. one is change of gas flow distribution of gas path and the other is contorl steam flow in tube bank. Of course, first method is very difficulty to apply but second method is'nt. In this paper, control steam flow is used to solve temperature nonuniformity of power plant boiler.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회논문지
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.13-22
• /
• 1993

In a multiple-bus multiprocessor system in which processors and memory modulus are interconnected through system buses, time delay due to bus contention degrades system performance. In order to reduce such a problem , and optimal bus arbitration scheme and its hardware are neccessary. In this study, performaces of four arbitration schemes are analyzed and compared : fixed-priority, equal-priority, rotating-priority and round-robin priority schemes. For the study, the software simulator of a multiple-bus multiprocessor system is developed by using SLAM II. Simulation results show that, when memory sccesses are evenly distributed to all memory modulus, round-robin priority scheme provides the best performance. But when a hot spot exists, the use of the fixed priority scheme results in the shortest access time.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• 제45권4호
• /
• pp.277-286
• /
• 2021

Background: As trade increases, the influx of various alien species and their spread to new regions are prevalent and no longer a special problem. Anthropogenic activities and climate changes have made the distribution of alien species out of their native range common. As a result, alien species can be easily found anywhere, and they have nothing but only a few differences in intensity. The prevalent distribution of alien species adversely affects the ecosystem, and a strategic management plan must be established to control them effectively. To this end, hot spots and cold spots were analyzed according to the degree of distribution of invasive alien plants, and major environmental factors related to hot spots were found. We analyzed the 10,287 distribution points of 126 species of alien plants collected through the national survey of alien species by the hierarchical model of species communities (HMSC) framework. Results: The explanatory and fourfold cross-validation predictive power of the model were 0.91 and 0.75 as AUC values, respectively. The hot spots of invasive plants were found in the Seoul metropolitan area, Daegu metropolitan city, Chungcheongbuk-do Province, southwest shore, and Jeju island. Generally, the hot spots were found where the higher maximum temperature of summer, precipitation of winter, and road density are observed, but temperature seasonality, annual temperature range, precipitation of the summer, and distance to river and sea were negatively related to the hot spots. According to the model, the functional traits accounted for 55% of the variance explained by the environmental factors. The species with higher specific leaf areas were more found where temperature seasonality was low. Taller species preferred the bigger annual temperature range. The heavier seed mass was only preferred when the max temperature of summer exceeded 29 ℃. Conclusions: In this study, hot spots were places where 2.1 times more alien plants were distributed on average than non-hot spots (33.5 vs 15.7 species). The hot spots of invasive plants were expected to appear in less stressful climate conditions, such as low fluctuation of temperature and precipitation. Also, the disturbance by anthropogenic factors or water flow had positive influences on the hot spots. These results were consistent with the previous reports about the ruderal or competitive strategies of invasive plants instead of the stress-tolerant strategy. The functional traits are closely related to the ecological strategies of plants by shaping the response of species to various environmental filters, and our result confirmed this. Therefore, in order to effectively control alien plants, it is judged that the occurrence of disturbed sites in which alien plants can grow in large quantities is minimized, and the river management of waterfronts is required.

• 한국공간정보시스템학회 논문지
• /
• 제8권3호
• /
• pp.105-115
• /
• 2006

데이타 중심 저장(Data-Centric Storage: DCS) 방식의 센서 네트워크는 같은 값의 데이타를 같은 노드에 저장하기 때문에 센서 네트워크가 확장되거나 같은 값의 데이타가 빈번하게 발생하면 특정 센서 노드에 저장 부하가 집중되어 에너지 효율성이 나빠지는 문제가 발생한다. 기존의 데이타 중심 저장 방식에 대한 연구들은 저장 데이타의 효율적인 관리에만 치우쳐 센서 네트워크의 확장에 따른 에너지 효율성 문제를 고려하지 않았다. 본 논문에서는 다차원 센서 데이타 저장의 효율적인 확장성(Scalability)을 지원하는 비균등 영역 분할(Non-Equal Region Spilt) 기법을 제안한다. 제안한 기법은 센서 네트워크를 센서 노드의 분포에 따라 같은 센서 노드 개수를 갖도록 서로 다른 크기의 영역으로 분할하고 분할된 각 영역 내에서 측정된 데이타를 해당 영역에서 저장 및 관리함으로써 센서 네트워크의 확장에 따른 저장 비용을 줄였다. 또한 분할 영역 개수를 센서 네트워크의 크기와 센서 노드 개수, 센서 데이타 발생량에 비례하게 증가시켜 센서 노드의 에너지 소모를 분산시킴으로써 센서 네트워크의 수명 연장과 확장성을 높였다.

• Tribology and Lubricants
• /
• 제35권1호
• /
• pp.77-86
• /
• 2019

The present study focuses on the effect of staggered integration factor (SIF) on Morton effect simulation results. The Morton effect is a synchronous rotordynamic instability problem caused by the temperature differential across the journal in fluid film bearings. Convection and conduction of heat in the thin film displaces the hot spot, which is the hottest circumferential position in the thin film, from -20 to 40 degrees ahead of the high spot, where the minimum film clearance is experienced. The temperature differential across the journal causes a bending moment and the corresponding thermal bow in the rotating frame acts like a distributed synchronous excitation in the fixed frame. This thermal bow may cause increased vibrations and continued growth of the synchronous orbit into a limit cycle. The SIF is developed assuming that the response of the rotor-lubricant-bearing dynamic system is much quicker than that of the bearing-journal thermal system, and it is defined as the ratio between the simulation time of the thermal system and the rotor-spinning period. The use of the SIF is unavoidable for efficient computing. The value of the SIF is chosen empirically by the software users as a value between 100 and 400. However, the effect of the SIF on Morton effect simulation results has not been investigated. This research produces simulation results with different values of SIF.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
• /
• 제22권6호
• /
• pp.19-24
• /
• 2004

The laser welding and its analysis of thin-sheet carbon steels were carried out with high power $CO_{2}$ laser. The main factor of weld quality of laser welding is gap and edge quality. This work was preformed to focus on the gap tolerance problem during laser welding. First, bead on plate welding of thin sheet was examined to investigate the effect of laser welding variables, and to obtain optimum welding condition. Butt welding was also carried out to show the effect of gap on the laser weldability of thin sheet. In order to investigate the effect of gap on formability of welded thin sheet, LDH test was caried out. At high welding speed, the partial penetration was obtained by low heat input. Otherwise, porosity was formed in the bead at low weld speed because of too much heat input. The optimum welding condition of welding was derived from bead width, penetration and hardness property. The maximum gap tolerance on laser welding was observed to be about 0.2mm. This gap size has good relationship with beam size of laser spot(about 0.3mm). The formability of welded sheet was about $80{\%}$ value of base metal and the gap size has not affected on the formability, although weld quality is dependent on the gap size.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
• /
• 제19권12호
• /
• pp.1154-1159
• /
• 2006

The mold transformers have been widely used in underground substations of large building and have some advantages when compared with oil-transformer. Those advantages are low fire risk, environmental compatibility, compact size and high reliability. The mold transformer is generally known to have cooling duct between low voltage and high voltage coil. To achieve better compact structure and low loss, mold transformers made by one body molding method has been developed. Nevertheless, such kinds of transformer need better cooling method because heat radiation between each winding is still of problem. The life of transformer is significantly dependent on the thermal behavior in windings. Many designers have calculated temperature distribution in transformers and hot spot point by finite element method(FEM) to analyze winding temperature rise. In this paper, the temperature distribution analysis of 100 kVA pole mold transformer for power distribution were investigated by FEM program and the thermal analysis results were compared with temperature rise test.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 2007년도 제38회 하계학술대회
• /
• pp.222-223
• /
• 2007

Though there are many causes for the maximum output power reduction, the short-term problem is hot-spot effect by sun shading. To prevent this, normally PV maker uses bypass diode. In here, we tried to check the how bypass diodes works by varying sun shading portion on solar. In case of absence of bypass, the sun shading effect increases the series resistance and that promotes the reduction of maximum power and degradation of PV modules. Bypass diode worked normally when 60% of solar cell was shaded and the measured maximum output power was lower than that of theoretical one. The further analysis is needed.

• 유통과학연구
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.65-75
• /
• 2022

Purpose: Environmental pollution problems have become more and more serious, how to effectively protect the environment has become a hot spot of concern to all sectors of society. The way to solve this problem is environmentally friendly management. However, theoretical perspectives and research frameworks of existing research on environmentally friendly management are still unclear. This study aims to examine how the CEO's beliefs for SMEs of Chinese distribution industry affect the environmentally friendly management based on institutional theory. Research design, data, and methodology: This paper collected data from 215 SMEs in China distribution industry and conducted a series of data analysis and hypothesis testing based on an institutional theory perspective using Amos and SPSS to verify the effects of regulatory pressure, normative pressure, and imitation pressure on firms' environmentally friendly management. Results: Through the analysis, this paper tests that normative pressure and imitative pressure have a positive effect on CEO's beliefs. However, regulatory pressure did not have a significant effect on beliefs of CEO. Meanwhile, the degree of CEO's beliefs has a positive effect on environmentally friendly management in Chinese distribution SMEs. Conclusions: Theoretical contributions, practical implications, and future research directions are discussed.