• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.34-39
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• 2007

Penaeidins are members of a special family of antimicrobial peptides existing in several species of shrimp and play a crucial role in the immunological defense of shrimp. In this study, we isolated and characterized one EST clone (penaeidin) from cDNA library of fleshy prawn Fenneropenaeus chinensis hemocytes. Amino acids sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis with other known penaeidins revealed that our clone was completely identical to F. chinensis Penaeidin 3-2 (Accession no. ABC33920), which composed of 71 amino acids with a putative signal peptide (1-19) and a cysteine-rich domain (C-terminal part). The expression and distribution of Penaeidin 3-2 transcripts in shrimp were detected in hemocytes, hepatopancreas, and muscles, and that Penaeidin 3-2 was constitutively expressed mainly in hemocytes. The artificial infection of white spot syndrome virus to F. chinensis resulted in Penaeidin 3-2 mRNA up-regulation in hemocytes, suggesting that the possible role of Penaeidin 3-2 in host defense system of F. chinensis.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.13 no.1 s.38
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• pp.51-55
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• 2006

The green emitting high performance OLEDs using the $Alq_3$-C545T fluorescent system have been fabricated and characterized. In the device fabrication, 2-TNATA [4,4',4'-tris(2-naphthylphenyl-phenylamino)-triphenylamine] as a hole injection material and NPB [N,N'-bis(1-naphthyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine] as a hole transport material were deposited on the ITO(indium thin oxide)/glass substrate by vacuum evaporation. And then, green color emission layer was deposited using $Alq_3$ as a host material and C-545T[10-(2-benzothiazolyl)-1,1,7,7- tetramethyl-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H,5H,11H-[1]/benzopyrano[6,7,8-ij]-quinolizin-11-one] as a dopant. Finally, small molecule OLEDs with structure of ITO/2-TNATA/NPB/$Alq_3$:C545T/$Alq_3$/LiF/Al were obtained by in-situ deposition of $Alq_3$, LiF and Al as the electron transport material, electron injection material and cathode, respectively. Green OLEDs fabricated in our experiments showed the color coordinate of CIE(0.29, 0.65) and the maximum power efficiency of 7.3 lm/W at 12 V with the peak emission wavelength of 521 nm.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.237-242
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• 2006

Nowadays, LEDs has been applied to the luminescent devices of various fields because of the invention of high efficient blue chip. Recently, especially, the white LEDs composed of InGaN blue chips and a yellow phosphor (YAG:Ce3+) have been investigated extensively. With the exception of YAG:Ce3+ phosphor, however, there are no reports on yellow phosphor that has significant emission in the 450~470 nm excitation range and this LED system is the rather low color rendering index due to their using two wavelength. Hence, we have attempted to synthesize thiogallate phosphors that efficiently under the long wavelength excitation range in the present case. Among those phosphors, we have synthesized Sr2Ga2S5:Eu2+ phosphor by change the host material of SrGa2S4:Eu2+ which is well known phosphor and we investigated the luminescent properties. In order to obtain the harmlessness and simplification of the synthesis process, sulfide materials and mixture gas of 5 % H2/95 % N2 were used instead of the CS2 or H2S gas. The prepared phosphor shows the yellow color peaking at the 550 nm wavelength and it possible to emit efficiently under the broad excitation band in the range of 300~500 nm. And this phosphor shows high luminescent intensity more than 110 % in comparison with commercial YAG:Ce3+ phosphor and it can be applied for UV LED due to excitation property in UV region.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.1-10
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• 2011

As requirements of embedded system get complicated, the tool for analyzing the reliability of embedded software is being needed. A probabilistic modeling is used as the way of analyzing the reliability of a software and to apply it to embedded software controlling multiple devices. So, it is necessary to specialize that to embedded software. Also, existing reliability analyzers should measure the transition probability of each condition in different ways and doesn't consider reusing the model once used. In this paper, we suggest a reliability analyzer for embedded software using embedded software Markov chin model and a unit testing tool. Embedded software Markov chain model is model specializing Markov chain model which is used for analyzing reliability to an embedded software. And a unit testing tool has host-target structure which is appropriate to development environment of embedded software. This tool can analyze the reliability more easily than existing tool by automatically measuring the transition probability between units for analyzing reliability from the result of unit testing. It can also directly apply the test result updated by unit testing tool by representing software model as a XML oriented document and has the advantage that many developers can access easily using the web oriented interface and SVN store. In this paper, we show reliability analyzing of a example by so doing show usefulness of reliability analyzer.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.105-115
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• 2002

Objective : To evaluate the effects of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated with a xanthine (X) and xanthine oxidase (XO) system on sperm function, the change of sperm characteristics, lipid peroxidation, and DNA fragmentation in bovine spermatozoa. Materials and Methods: ROS were produced using a combination of 1000 uM X and 50 mU/ml XO. The ROS scavengers: superoxide dismu tase (SOD) (200 U/ml) and catalase (500 U/ml) were also tested. Spermatozoa were incubated for 2 hours in BWW medium with a combination of X-XO supplemented with or without ROS scavengers at $37^{circ}C$ under 5% $CO_2$ incubator. Sperm movement characteristics by CASA (computer-aided sperm analysis), HOST (hypoosmotic swelling test), Caionophore induced acrosome reaction, malondialdehyde formation for the analysis of lipid peroxidation, the percentage of DNA fragmentation using the method of TdT-mediated nick end labelling (TUNEL) by flow cytometry were determined after 2 hours incubation. Results: The action of ROS on bovine spermatozoa resulted in a decreased in capacity for sperm motility, Ca-ionophore induced acrosome reaction and membrane integrity, an increased in malondialdehyde formation and the percentage of sperm with DNA fragmentation. In the effects of antioxidant, catalase completely alleviated the toxic effects induced by the ROS in terms of sperm function and characteristics, however SOD exhibited no capacity to reduce the toxic effects. Conclusion: The ROS can induce significant damages to sperm functions and characteristics. The useful ROS scavengers can minimized the defects of sperm function and various damages of spermatozoa.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.210-216
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• 1987

A computer program written to predict blast occurrence based on micro climatic events was developed and tested as an on-site microcomputer in field plots in 1984 and 1985. A microcomputer unit operating on alkaline batteries; continuously monitored air temperature, leaf wetness, and relative humidity; interpreted the microclimate information in relation to rice blast development and displayed daily values (0-8) of blast units of severity (BUS). Cumulative daily BUS values (CBUS) were highly correlated with blast development on the two susceptible cultivars, M-201 and Brazos grown in field plots. When CBUS values were used to predict the logit of disease proportions, the average coefficients of determination $(R^2)$ between these two factors were 71 to $91\%$, depending on cultivar and year. This was a significant improvement when compared to 61 to $79\%$ when days were used as a predictor of logit disease severity. The ability of CBUS to predict logit disease severity was slightly less with Brazos than M-201. This is significant inasmuch as Brazos showed field resistance at mid-sea­son. The results in this study indicate that the model has the potential for future use and that the model could be improved by incorporating other variables associated with host plants and pathogen races in addition to the key environmental variables.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.372-382
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• 2013

Thermal-hydro-mechanical (THM) modeling is a critical R&D issue in the performance and safety assessment of a high-level waste repository. With an $\ddot{A}$sp$\ddot{o}$ prototype repository, its thermal behavior was analyzed and then compared with in-situ experimental data for its validation. A model simulation was used to calculate the temperature distributions in the deposition holes, deposition tunnel, and surrounding host rock. A comparison of the simulation results with the experimental data was made for deposition hole DH-6, which showed that there was a temperature difference of $2{\sim}5^{\circ}C$ depending on the location of the measuring points, but there was a similar trend in the evolution curves of temperature as a function of time. It was expected that the coupled modeling of the thermal behavior with the hydro-mechanical behavior in the buffer and backfill of the $\ddot{A}$sp$\ddot{o}$ prototype repository would give a better agreement between the experimental and model calculation results.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.95-110
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• 1992

Much progress has been made in understanding the subcellular events of the human lung injuries after acute exposure to environmental air pollutants. Host of those events represent oxidative damages mediated by reactive oxygen species such as superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and the hydroxy, free radical. Recently, nitric oxide (NO) was found to be endogenously produced by endothelial cells and cells of the reticulo-endothelial system as endothelialderived relaxation factor (EDRF) which is a vasoactive and neurotransmitter substance. Together with superoxide, NO can form another strong oxidant, peroxonitrite. The relative importance of exogenous sources of $N0/N0_2$ and endogenous production of NO by the EDRF producing enzymes in the oxidative stresses to the heman lung has to be elucidated. The exact events leading to chronic irreversible damage are still yet to be known. From chronic exposure to oxidant gases, progressive epithelial and interstitial damages develop. Type I epithelial cells become thicker and cover a smaller average alveolar surface area while thee II cells proliferate instead. Under acute damages, the extent of loss of the alveolar epithelial cell lining, especially type II cells appears to be a good predictor of the ensuing irreversible damage to alveolar compartment. Interstitial matrix undergo remodeling during chronic exposure with increased collagen fibers and interstitial fibroblasts. However, Inany of these changes can be reversed after cessation of exposure. Among chronic lung injuries, genetic damages and repair responses received particular attention in view of the known increased lung cancer risks from exposure to several air pollutants. Heavy metals from foundry emission, automobile traffics, and total suspended particulate, especially polycystic aromatic hydrocarbons have been positively linked with the development of lung cancer. Asbestos in another air pollutant with known risk of lung cancer and mesothelioma, but asbestos fibers are nonauthentic in most bioassays. Studies using the electron spin resonance spin trapping method show that the presence of iron in asbestos accelerates the production of the hydroxy, radical in vitro. Interactions of these reactive oxygen species with particular cellular components and disruption of cell defense mechanisms still await further studies to elucidate the carcinogenic potential of asbestos fibers of different size and chemical composition. The distribution of inhaled pollutants and the magnitude of their eventual effects on the respiratory tract are determined by pollutant-independent physical factors such as anatomy of the respiratory tract and level and pattern of breathing, as well as by pollutant-specific phyco-chemical factors such as the reactivity, solubility, and diffusivity of the foreign gas in mucus, blood and tissue. Many of these individual factors determining dose can be quantified in vitro. However, mathematical models based on these factors should be validated for its integrity by using data from intact human lungs.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.96-101
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• 2015

This paper describes a design and implementation of the NFC bridge chip which performs interface between kinds of devices and mobile phones including NFC controller through NFC communication. The NFC bridge chip consists of the digital part and the analog part which are based on NFC Forum standard. Therefore the chip treats RF signals and then transforms the signal to digital data, so it can interface kinds of devices with the digital data. Especially the chip is able to detect RF signals and then wake up the host processor of a device. The wakeup function dramatically decreases the power consumption of the device. The carrier frequency is 13.56MHz, and the data rate is up to 424kbps. The chip has been fabricated with SMIC 180nm mixed-mode technology. Additionally an NFC bridge chip application to the blood glucose measurement system is described for an application example.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.569-576
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• 2007

Four hundred and fifty tilapias ($6.77{\pm}0.23$ g) were assigned randomly to six groups to evaluate the feasibility of the tested antibacterial peptides (ABPs) and oligosaccharides as substitutes for antibiotics. The control group was fed with a commercial tilapia diet; other five groups were fed with the same commercial diet supplemented with konjac glucomannan (KGLM), cluster bean galactomannan (CBGAM), and three animal intestinal ABPs derived from chicken, pig and rabbit at 100 mg/kg respectively. After 21 days of feeding, growth, disease resistance, and in vivo anti-adherence were determined. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of tested agents on adhesion of Aeromonas veronii biovar sobria (A.vbs) strain BJCP-5 to tilapia enteric epithelia in vitro was assessed by cell-ELISA system. As a result, the tested agents supplemented at 100 mg/kg show significant benefit to tilapia growth and disease resistance (p<0.05), and the benefit may be correlated with their interfering in the contact of bacteria with host mucosal surface. Although none of the tested agents did inhibit the growth of BJCP-5 in tryptic soy broth at $100{\mu}g/ml$, all of them did inhibit the adhesion of A.vbs to tilapia enteric epithelia in vivo and in vitro. In vitro mimic assays show that three ABPs at low concentrations of $25{\mu}g/ml$ and $2.5{\mu}g/ml$ have the reciprocal dose-dependent anti-adherence effect. The inhibition of ABPs may be correlated with a cation bridging and/or receptor-ligand binding, but not with hydrophobicity. The KGLM and CBGAM inhibited the adherence of BJCP-5 to tilapia enteric epithelia with dose-dependent manner in vitro, and this may be through altering bacterial hydrophobicity and interfering with receptor-ligand binding. Our results indicate that the anti-adherence of the tested ABPs and oligosaccharides may be one of the mechanisms in promoting tilapia growth and resistance to A.vbs.