• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.47-62
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to analyze and explain the formation and character of presbyterian missionary architecture in Andong area from 1900 to 1945, which we may call "the modem architecture of Korea". I have surveyed and analyzed the 26 buildings. and so, the major findings of this study are as follows. Firstly, the phase of building is 1) buy the existing Korean traditional building and lot-a thatch roofed house. 2) modify the existing Korean traditional building-a thatch and tile roofed hose. 3) build the Korean style building-a thatch and tile roofed building. 4) build the Western style Building-a timber structured and zinc roofed building. 5) build the Western style Building- a masonry structured and zinc(or tile)roofed building. Secondly, the character of building is 1) In the Korean traditional building, the missionaries change the function for their purpose-office, church, school, hospital. they modify the existing Korean timber frame construction by introducing the material-brick, plaster, glass, Japanese style timber etc .. they live in the Korean existing residential area. 2) In the Western style building, the missionaries build the house according to their life style. they build the timber structured building-church, and the masonry (brick or stone)structured building such as a house, church, school and dormitory, and hospital. their building located on the hill depart from the existing Korean residential area.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.75-82
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• 2008

Weeks who is an architect in England suggest that let us consider the hospital architecture as not determined architecture but an undetermined architecture. Because it has been changing unexpectedly. The changing process of hospital architecture is required that it has to involve the new function and be a role model because of variations of environmental factors. For silving the requirements above mentioned, hospital architecture takes the way of appropriateness inner origin form and finally it considers new formation. The 53% of hospital buildings in Korea were built in 1980s. For 30years, these buildings have been not only extended a buildings but also changed in parts of functions and sizes on buildings which are original. The purpose of this study is producing the basic references which suggest solution to face on the changing of hospital building during planning it in the future using by analysis of variation inside the hospital building and grasping of characters in each departments. Each department is analyzed as follows. There is no inner change but only expansion partly by enlargement of building. In the outpatient, there is not only expansion by enlargement of building and but also extension toward other parts and the rate of variation of inside is high. In the diagnostic treatment, there are differences in diagnostic treatment. Surgical suit and diagnostic imaging have been expanded by enlargement than the change of inside. But the others of the departments have been changed by change of inside and also there are sometimes changes of inner walls.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.85-92
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• 2002

A measurement of indoor microorganism using Reuter Centrifugal Air Sampler(RCS) was undertaken during October 1991 - February 1999 and 6-Stage Cascade Air Sampler was undertaken during May 2001 - June 2001 in Seoul. Sites including book store, department store, theater, subway station, underground shopping center, hospital, office building, sports facility, and eduationa institutio were chosen to measure indoor microorganism. The results were as follows: 1. The average of total microorganism collected on the agar strip GK-A media were, in the order, subway station, hospital, underground shopping center, department store, book store, theater, sports facility, educational institution, office building in sites. The highest concentration of 711cfu/m$^3$ was found in the subway station and the lowest concentration of 44cfu/m$^3$ was found in office building. 2. The average of staphylococci collected on the agar strip GK-S media, in the order, were subway station, underground shopping center, hospital and department store, department store, theater, office building, sports facility and educational institution in sites. The highest concentration of 502cfu/m$^3$ was found in the subway station and the lowest concentration of 14cfu/m$^3$ was found in sports facility and educational institution. 3. The average of fungus collected on the agar strip GK-HS media, in the order, were underground hospital, shopping center, theater, subway station, department store, book store, sports facility, educational institution, and office building in sites. The highest concentration of 252cfu/m$^3$ was found in the hospital and the lowest concentration of 32cfu/m$^3$ was found in office building. 4. Ratio of Indoor/Outdoor, determined by site was 1.12-2.38 in total count, 1.00-2.35 in staphylococci, and 0.99-1.34 in fungus. 5. The positive results of test were 12-24% in indoor and 9-43% in outdoor. 6. By gram staining gram positive cocci were 59.9%, gram positive bacill 24.4%, gram negative bacilli 10.4%, and gram negative cocci 0.5%.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.553-558
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• 2009

Energy demand characteristics of hotel, hospital, and office building are compared to provide guidelines for combining building in community energy system design. The annual, monthly, and daily energy demand patterns for electricity, heating, hot water and cooling are qualitatively compared and important features are delineated based on the energy demand models. Key statistical values such as the mean, the maximum are also provided. Important features of the hourly demand patterns are summarized for weekdays and weekends. Substantial variations in both magnitudes and patterns are observed among the 3 building types and smart grouping or combination of building type and size is essential for a successive energy supply.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.575-586
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• 2018

Computational Building Information Modeling (BIM) is an intelligent 3D model-based process that provides architecture, engineering, and construction professionals the insight to plan, design, construct, and manage buildings and infrastructure more efficiently. This paper aims at using BIM in Hospitals configurations protection. Infrastructure projects are classified as huge structural projects taking advantage of many resources such as finance, materials, human labor, facilities and time. Immense expenses in infrastructure programs should be allocated to estimating the expected results of these arrangements in domestic economy. Hence, the significance of feasibility studies is inevitable in project construction, in this way the necessity in promoting the strategies and using global contemporary technologies in the process of construction maintenance cannot be neglected. This paper aims at using the building information modeling in covering Imam Khomeini Hospital's equipment. First, the relationship between hospital constructions maintenance and repairing, using the building information modeling, is demonstrated. Then, using library studies, the effective factors of constructions' repairing and maintenance were collected. Finally, the possibilities of adding these factors in Revit software, as one of the most applicable software within BIM is investigated and have been identified in some items, where either this software can enter or the software for supporting the repairing and maintenance phase lacks them. The results clearly indicated that the required graphical factors in construction information modeling can be identified and applied successfully.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.5 no.8
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• pp.87-94
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• 1999

Recent hospital building design considers not only its functional space composition but also contemplates "patient focused concept" in the early design stage. It is also called "hospital unlike hospital" and, usually, architects put their effort in building's exterior design to serve the coziness for patients. Therefore, this research analyzed and evaluated the exterior design of The K University Hospital Competition, as a case study, to understand recent hospital design trend and also to suggest a vision for future hospital design.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.129-139
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• 2010

This paper presents a basic energy performance data of microturbine, renewable Energy(BIPV and Solar Collector System) and a hybrid energy system(geothermal system and microturbine) installed in hospital building. The efficiency of solar collector and BIPV system was 30[%], 10[%] individually, and lower than micro turbines. Finally, in energy performance aspect, microturbine and geothermal source heat pump system were a high-efficiency system in hospital building. It is confirmed hybrid energy systems also show the most powerful alternative energy system for green hospital building from the simulation results.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.7-15
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• 2018

Purpose: The life span of a hospital building is short. This is because the building will have to be built up due to the fact that it can not cope with the new medical environment, it can not be replaced due to low floor height, lack of land. The purpose of the hospital building master plan is to find a way to fulfill its role in the long term. Methods: Comparison the proposals submitted by the master plan and the proposals submitted by the hospitals, the case of three hospitals that have established a master plan for the past three years. In addition, interviews with the designers who participated in the design competition and the administrator of hospital about the variables that occurred during the business process. Results: The result of this study can be summarized into four points. The first one is that master plan is changed by administrator of hospital so that Thy need to understand about the role of master plan. And next is to protect reduction of the project cost. Third, continuous participation of master plan researchers in following projects is good to communicate with administrator and designer. The last one is empathy of master plan by designer and users. Implications: It is necessary to reduce changing of master plan in design process for sustainable managing of hospital.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.245-254
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• 2017

The building which are essential for disaster recovery is classified as a special seismic use group. Especially, achievement of seismic performance is very important for the hospital, so the hospital should be able to maintain its function during and right after an earthquake without significant damage on both structural and non-structural elements. Therefore, this study aimed at checking the seismic performance of a hospital building, but which was limited to structural elements. For the goal, a plan with a configuration of general hospitals in Korea was selected and designed by two different seismic-force-resisting systems. In analytical modeling, the shear behavior of the wall was represented by three inelastic properties as well as elastic. Nonlinear dynamic analyses were conducted to evaluate the performance of structural members. The result showed that the performance of shear walls in the hospital buildings was not satisfied regardless of the seismic-force-resisting systems, while the demands on the beams and columns did not exceed the capacities. This is the result of only considering the shear of the wall as the force-controlled action. When the shear of the wall was modeled as inelastic, the walls were yielded in shear, and as the result, the demands for frames were increased. However, the increase did not exceed the capacities of the frames members. Consequently, since the performance of walls is significant to determine the seismic performance of a hospital building, it will be essential to establish a definite method of modeling shear behavior of walls and judging their performance.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.23-31
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• 2001

In order to improve their hospital services in unlimited competitive situations, the general hospitals, particularly, have since the 1990s been concentrating more on hospital information processing systems and the automation of the patients' convenience. They also give priority to the advance of integrated hospital information systems centred around the patients. Introducing more progressive information technology to already established hospitals, the OPD has been most affected by HIS because there are a lot of patients and doctors. On this background, this study analyse the change of OPD and some related departments around the 1990s with the general hospitals as it's object. It investigates the way of building hospitals and presents some information about the planning of building hospitals.