• 제목/요약/키워드: Hospital Mortality

검색결과 2,487건 처리시간 0.033초

대혈관전위증에 대한 동맥전환술 (Arterial Switch Operation for Transposition of G rest Arteries)

  • 이호철;류한영
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • 제29권3호
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    • pp.278-284
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    • 1996
  • 1989년 5월부터 1994년 5월까지 9명의 대혈관전위증 환자에 대해 동맥전환술을 시행하였다. 연령 분 포는 생후 3일에서 90일까지로 평균 30일 (21일)이 었고 환자는 전례 에서 술전 심초음파 검사로 진단되 었 다. 8례는 심실중격결손을 동반한 대혈관전위증이었으며 1례는 심실중격결손을 동반하지 않은 단순대 혈관잔위증 환아였다. 동반기형으로는 동맥관개존이 8례, 심방중격결손이 7El,대동맥축약이 1례였다. 관동백의 분지 형태는 Yacoub type A가 7례 (77 %), Yacoub type D의 형태가 2례 (23 %)였다. 폐동맥 재 건은 Lecompte 술식을 8례 에서 적용하였고 자가심낭편을 이용하였다. 사망율은 55 %였다. 수술후 1 ~2 일내 사망한 3례는 좌심실 기능부전과 발작성 폐동맥 고혈압이 원인이었고, 수술후 2~3주에 사망한 2례는 술후 감염에 의한 폐혈증이 주원인이었다. 평균 추적 기간은 17개월이 었고 추적관찰에는 심초음파 를 이용하였으며 임상적으로 의미 있는 대동맥 판 폐쇄부전이나 폐동맥 판 상부 협착은 발견되지 않았다. 수술에 따르는 여러 위험 요소들(저체중, 장시간의 체외순환, 체외 순환중 과도한 혈희석, 저체온, 술후 용적 부하, 과도한 \ulcorner\ulcorner\ulcorner사용) 중 술후 과도한 강심제를 사용했을 경우에서만 통계학적 유의성을 가지는 위험인자로 나타났다.

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Factors Affecting Prognosis in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients

  • Eker, Baki;Ozaslan, Ersin;Karaca, Halit;Berk, Veli;Bozkurt, Oktay;Inanc, Mevlude;Duran, Ayse Ocak;Ozkan, Metin
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제16권7호
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    • pp.3015-3021
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    • 2015
  • Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of mortality in developed countries, and it is the third most frequent malignancy in Turkey. There are many biological, genetic, molecular, and tissue-derived prognostic factors for CRCs. In this study, we evaluated prognostic factors in patients who were metastatic at diagnosis or progressed to metastatic disease during follow-up. Patients and Methods: This study included 116 patients with malignancies either in the colon or rectum. Of these, 65 had metastatic disease at diagnosis, and 51 progressed to metastatic disease during the course of the disease. The parameters evaluated were age, gender, comorbidity, performance status and stage of the disease at the beginning, localization, history of surgery, chemotherapy regimen, response to first-line treatment, K-RAS status, site and number of metastases, expression of tumor predictors (CEA, CA19-9), and survival times. A multivariate analysis conducted with factors that considered statistically significant in the univariate analysis. Findings: Median age was 56 (32-82) years and the male/female ratio was 80/36. Eleven patients were at stage II, 40 at stage III, and 65 at stage IV at diagnosis. Twenty three patients had tumor in the right colon, 48 in the left colon, and 45 in the rectum. Ninety seven patients were operated, and 27 had surgical metastasectomy. Ninety three patients received targeted therapy. At the end of follow-up, 61 patients had died, and 55 survived. Metastatic period survival times were longer in the adjuvant group, but the difference did not reach the level of statistical significance (adjuvant group: median 29 months, metastatic group: median 22 months; p=0.285). In the adjuvant group before the metastatic first-line therapy, CEA and CA 19-9 levels were significiantly lower compared to the metastatic group (p<0.005). We also found that patients with elevated tumor predictor (CEA, CA 19-9) levels before the first-line therapy had significiantly poorer prognosis and shorter survival time. Survival was significiantly better with the patients who were younger than 65 years of age, had better initial performance status, a history of primary surgery and metastatectomy, and single site of metastasis. Those who benefitted from the first-line therapy were K-RAS wild type and whose tumor markers (CEA, CA 19-9) were not elevated before the first line therapy. Conclusions: Among the patients with metastatic CRC, those who benefited from first-line therapy, had history of metastasectomy, were K-RAS wild type and had low CA 19-9 levels before the first-line therapy, showed better prognosis independent of other factors.

Determinants of Smoking Initiation and Susceptibility to Future Smoking among School-Going Adolescents in Lagos State, Nigeria

  • Odukoya, Oluwakemi Ololade;Odeyemi, Kofoworola Abimbola;Oyeyemi, Abisoye Sunday;Upadhyay, Ravi Prakash
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제14권3호
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    • pp.1747-1753
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    • 2013
  • Background: It is projected that low and middle-income countries will bear a major burden of tobacco related morbidity and mortality, yet, only limited information is available on the determinants of smoking initiation among youth in Africa. This study aimed to assess the determinants of smoking initiation and susceptibility to future smoking among a population of high school school students in Lagos, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Baseline data from an intervention study designed to assess the effect of an anti-smoking awareness program on the knowledge, attitudes and practices of adolescents was analyzed. The survey was carried out in six randomly selected public and private secondary schools in local government areas in Lagos state, Nigeria. A total of 973 students completed self-administered questionnaires on smoking initiation, health related knowledge and attitudes towards smoking, susceptibility to future smoking and other factors associated with smoking. Results: Of the respondents, 9.7% had initiated smoking tobacco products with the predominant form being cigarettes (7.3%). Males (OR: 2.77, 95%CI: 1.65-4.66) and those with more pro-smoking attitudes (OR: 1.44, 95%CI: 1.34-1.54) were more likely to have initiated smoking. Those with parents and friends who are smokers were 3.47 (95%CI: 1.50-8.05) and 2.26 (95%CI: 1.27-4.01) times more likely to have initiated smoking. Non-smoking students, in privately owned schools (OR: 5.08), with friends who smoke (5.09), with lower knowledge (OR: 0.87) and more pro-smoking attitudes (OR 1.13) were more susceptible to future smoking. In addition, respondents who had been sent to purchase cigarettes by an older adult (OR: 3.68) were also more susceptible to future smoking. Conclusions: Being male and having parents who smoke are predictors of smoking initiation among these students. Consistent with findings in other countries, peers not only influence smoking initiation but also influence smoking susceptibility among youth in this African setting. Prevention programs designed to reduce tobacco use among in-school youth should take these factors into consideration. In line with the recommendations of article 16 of the WHO FCTC, efforts to enforce the ban on the sales of cigarettes to minors should be also emphasised.

한국 농촌지역의 임신효율 (Reproductive Efficiency)에 관한 연구 : 충남 서산지역을 중심으로

  • 안문영
    • 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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    • 제7권1호
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    • pp.74-79
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    • 1982
  • Recently in Korea, integration of F.P. & MCH programs for effective and efficient implementation of the health programs has been discussed actively. In fact, categorical health workers in fields have been trained and changed as an integrated health workers by government. But one of the most important problems that had to be solved for successful integration of F.P. and MCH programs, is that there must be a common indicator for the evaluation of the two health services (integrated indicator). We regarded reproductive efficiency (=R.E.) that had been proposed by Charlotter M$\ddot{u}$ller et al, as the good integrated indicator. The object of this brief article is to introduce the meaning of reproductive efficiency and to illustrate the usefulnesses of R.E. as the integrated health indicator by applying this indicator to the data from preliminary survey of Seosan demonstration project for integration of F.P. & MCH service supported by WHO. The results and conclusions are as follows 1) Definition of R.E. is the percentage of pregnancies that succeed in production normal, surving children after taking into account the frequency of all measurable types of adverse outcomes (End point for evaluation of survival is one year of age). 2) On the basis of the past pregnant history, reproductive efficiency of the 2,484 eligible women (15-44 years) was roughly 75% (But, in the concept of good births, it is not regarded whether the survived infant is normal health or not). 3) Compared with the results of the other two surveys of the rural area in Korea, reproductive efficiency has been slightly decreased than before, in spite of family planning and MCH services for past 20 years. Because the quantity of increased abortion rate overwhelmed that of the decreased infant mortality rate. 4) Reproductive efficiency has the object for measure many events during the period from the conception (Wanted pregnancy) to an normal surviving children as an 1 year of age. So these heterogenous adversities, ie, induced abortion, still births, spontaneous abortion, neonate & infant death, are aggregated as R.E. However, if the information of these important events and reproductive efficiency were given, R.E. is used as the comprehensive evaluation indicator for F.P. and M.C.H. after meticulous analysis the various components of R.E. 5) Economic loss for adverse outcomes of preg were pregnancy were calculated applying the medical cost at the relatively small sized hospital of small city. Economic loss for 100 cases of adverse outcome is 10,420,000 won, and economic loss for infant death is 46.1% of the total loss. So, it is rational to invest much more effort and than before to MCH programs.

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다한증 환자에서의 T2 Sympathicotomy의 효과 (Hyperhidrosis Treated by Thoracoscopic Sympathicotomy)

  • 윤용한;이두연;김해균;이교준;신화균;강정신
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • 제32권2호
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    • pp.171-174
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    • 1999
  • 배경: 다한증은 젊은 나이에 0.6%에서 1%까지 보고되고 있으며 최근 흉강 내시경 기구의 발전으로 2 mm 내시경에 의한 다한증 치료가 가능하게 되어 수술 후 통증이나 상처에 대한 걱정 없이 수술을 시행할 수 있게되었고 또한 보상성 다한증등의 합병증을 최소한으로 줄일 수 있는 수술방법이 필요하게 되었다. 대상 및 방법: 연세대학교 의과대학 영동세브란스병원 훙부외과에서는 1997년 9월부터 1998년 2월까지 89례의 다한증 환자에서 2 mm 흉강경을 이용한 89례의 흉부교감 신경절 절단술(sympathicotomy)을 시행하였으며 모든 환자에서 추적 가능하였으며 평균수술시간은 30분이었으며 평균입원기간은 1일이었다. 결과: 수술후 보상성 다한증은 57례(64.0%)에서 나타났으며 생활에 불편한 정도의 보상성 다한증은 14례(15.7%) 였다. 보상성 다한증의 발생율은 일반적인 수술방법과 큰 차이가 없었으나 다한증의 정도는 훨씬 줄어드는 양상을 보였다. 수술의 만족도는 96.6%에서 만족한다고 하였으며 3.4%에서 만족하지 못한다고 하였다. 2 mm 흉강경을 이용한 T2 흉부교감 신경절 절단술(sympathicotomy)은 다한증의 치료를 위한 치료방법으로 매우 간편하고 효과적인 치료방법으로 생각되어지며 신경의 재 성장에 의한 재발등의 결과를 확인하기 위해 장기 추적관찰이 필요하리라고 생각된다. 결론: 본 연세대학교 영동세브란스 병원에서는 1997년 9월부터 1998년 2월까지 2 mm흉강경을 이용하여 T2 sympathicotomy를 시행하여 다한증치료를 하였기에 임상 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

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승모판막 폐쇄부전에 있어 승모판막 성형술의 단기성적 (Early Results of Mitral Valve Reconstruction in Mitral Regurgitation)

  • 김경환;원태희;김기봉;안혁
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • 제33권1호
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    • pp.32-37
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    • 2000
  • Background: Reconstruction surgery of mitral valve regurgitation is now considered as an effective operative technique and has shown good long-term results. Although reconstructive surgery of mitral valve has been performed since 1970s, we have started only in early 1990s in full scale because of small number of the mitral regurgitation compared to mitral stenosis and lack of knowledge from the viewpoint of patients and physicians. Material and Method: From January 1992 to December 1996, 100 patients underwent repair of the mitral valve for mitral regurgitation with or without mitral stenosis in Seoul National University Hospital. 45(45%) of the patients were men and 55(55%) were women. The mean age was 39.9$\pm$14.4 years. The causes of the mitral regurgitation were rheumatic in 61, degenerative in 28 and others in 11. According to the Carpentier's pathological classification of mitral regurgitation 5 patients were type I. 55 patients were type II and 40 patients were type III. 7 patients underwent concomitant aortic valvuloplasty and 8 patients underwent aortic valve replacement. 7 patients underwent Maze operation or pulmonary vein isolation. Result: There were no operative death but 3 major operative complications: 2patients were postoperative low cardiac output syndrome(needed intra-aortic ballon pump support) and 1 patient was postoperative bleeding. There was one late death(1.0%) The cause of death was sepsis secondary to acute bacterial endocarditis. 3 patients required reoperation for recurred mitral regurgitation. There were no statistically significant risk factors for reoperation. The other 96 patients showed no or mild degree of mitral regurgitation 99 survivors were in NYHA functional class I or II. There were two throumboembolisms but no anticoagulation-related complications. Conclusion: We concluded that mitral valve repair could be performed successfully in most cases of mitral regurgitation even in the rheumatic and combined lesions with very low operative mortality and morbidity. The early results are very promising.

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75세 이상 고령 위암환자들의 수술치료 성적에 의한 임상적 특성 (Operative Treatment of Patients Over 75 Years Old with Gastric Cancer)

  • 이연아;정귀애;민영돈
    • Journal of Gastric Cancer
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    • 제5권4호
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    • pp.217-221
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    • 2005
  • 목적: 최근 평균수명의 증가로 고령자에서 위암 진단율이 증가하고 있으며, 수술방법 및 수술 전후 환자관리법이 발전함에 따라 수술적 치료의 적용이 점차 많아지고 있다. 저자들은 고령 위암환자들의 임상적 특징 및 수술에 따른 합병증 및 치료효과를 비고령군과 비교하여 고령 위암환자의 특성을 규명하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 조선대학교병원 외과에서 1995년 3월부터 2002년 2월까지 위암으로 수술적 치료를 시행 받은 706명의 환자를 대상으로 의무기록 확인을 통한 후향적 방법을 사용하여 고령군(75세 이상)과 비고령군(75세 미만)을 임상적 특성, 수술의 근치도 및 술 후 합병증, 전체생존율에 따라 비교하였다. 결과: 임상적 특성에 해당하는 성별, 위암의 위치, 암의 침윤도, 림프절 절제범위, 조직학적 병기에서 고령군과 비고령군 간의 통계적 유의성은 없었다. 수술의 근치도와 수술 후 조기합병증의 발생 빈도에서도 두 군간의 통계적 유의성은 없었다. 결론: 위암발현 양상은 고령군과 비고령군에서 차이를 보이지 않았고, 수술적 근치도, 술 후 합병증, 전체생존율에서도 차이를 보이지 않았다 따라서 위암환자의 수술적 치료의 적용에서 고령은 제한인자가 아니며, 위암수술 후 예후에도 영향을 미치지 않는다는 결론을 내릴 수 있다.

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일개 농촌지역 저소득층 당뇨병환자의 관리 상태 (Management of Diabetic Mellitus in Low-income Rural Patients)

  • 김혜연;윤우준;신민호;권순석;안혜란;최성우;이영훈;조동혁;이정애
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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    • 제42권5호
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    • pp.315-322
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    • 2009
  • Objectives : Knowledge about the management status of diabetic melitus (DM) is essential to improve diabetic management. Moreover, low income is associated with poor adherence to treatment and increased mortality. This study was performed to evaluate the management status of DM in low-income patients in a rural area. Methods : We enrolled 370 patients with type 2 DM living in Gokseong county, JeollaNamdo. A well-trained examiner measured the height, weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting blood sugar and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. Carotid ultrasonography was used to measure carotid artery carotid artery intima media thickness (IMT) and plaque. anklebrachial index (ABI) was used to evaluate peripheral artery disease. A fundoscopic examination was performed to evaluate diabetic retinopathy. A history of diabetes complications and health-related questionnaires were also completed. Results : The age of diabetic subjects was 68.7$\pm$8.7 years and the duration of diabetes was 8.9$\pm$8.2 years. Most (63.5%) had hypertension, and 45.7% had triglycerides below 150 mg/dl, 38.1% had low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) cholesterol below 100 mg/dl, 48.7% had urine albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR) below 30 mg/g. Less than half (45.9%) achieved the goal of HbA1c less than 7% suggested by the American Diabetes Association (ADA). 10.6% had peripheral vascular disease, 11.9% had retinopathy, and 60.8% had chronic kidney disease. Conclusions : DM management in low income patients is very poor and requires further work to improve.

Using Implementation Science to Advance Cancer Prevention in India

  • Krishnan, Suneeta;Sivaram, Sudha;Anderson, Benjamin O.;Basu, Partha;Belinson, Jerome L;Bhatla, Neerja;D' Cruz, Anil;Dhillon, Preet K.;Gupta, Prakash C.;Joshi, Niranjan;Jhulka, PK;Kailash, Uma;Kapambwe, Sharon;Katoch, Vishwa Mohan;Kaur, Prabhdeep;Kaur, Tanvir;Mathur, Prashant;Prakash, Anshu;Sankaranarayanan, R;Selvam, Jerard M;Seth, Tulika;Shah, Keerti V;Shastri, Surendra;Siddiqi, Maqsood;Srivastava, Anurag;Trimble, Edward;Rajaraman, Preetha;Mehrotra, Ravi
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제16권9호
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    • pp.3639-3644
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    • 2015
  • Oral, cervical and breast cancers, which are either preventable and/or amenable to early detection and treatment, are the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality in India. In this paper, we describe implementation science research priorities to catalyze the prevention and control of these cancers in India. Research priorities were organized using a framework based on the implementation science literature and the World Health Organization's definition of health systems. They addressed both community-level as well as health systems-level issues. Community-level or "pull" priorities included the need to identify effective strategies to raise public awareness and understanding of cancer prevention, monitor knowledge levels, and address fear and stigma. Health systems-level or "push" and "infrastructure" priorities included dissemination of evidence-based practices, testing of point-of-care technologies for screening and diagnosis, identification of appropriate service delivery and financing models, and assessment of strategies to enhance the health workforce. Given the extent of available evidence, it is critical that cancer prevention and treatment efforts in India are accelerated. Implementation science research can generate critical insights and evidence to inform this acceleration.

Pretreatment Thrombocytosis as a Prognostic Factor in Women with Gynecologic Malignancies: a Meta-analysis

  • Yu, Min;Liu, Lei;Zhang, Bing-Lan;Chen, Qi;Ma, Xue-Lei;Wu, Yu-Ke;Liang, Chun-Shui;Niu, Zhi-Min;Qin, Xin;Niu, Ting
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제13권12호
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    • pp.6077-6081
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    • 2012
  • Background: This study was performed to analyze the prognostic implications of pretreatment or preoperative thrombocytosis in women with gynecologic malignancies. Material and Methods: We surveyed 2 medical databases, PubMed and EMBASE, to identified all relevant studies. A total of 14 (n=3,490) that evaluated the link between thrombocytosis and 5-year survival were included. REVMAN version 5.1 was used for our analysis and publication bias was evaluated using the Begg's funnel plot and tested by STATA 11.0. Risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) generated by the random effect model were used to assess the strength of any association. Results: 709(20.3%) of the 3,490 patients exhibited thrombocytosis (platelet counts > $400{\times}10^9/L$) at primary diagnosis, and their mortality was 1.62-fold higher compared with the others (RR=1.62, 95%CI=[1.28-2.05], p<0.0001). Thrombocytosis failed to have a stronger effect on the survival of advanced patients of stages III to IV in our study (n=478, RR=1.29, 95% CI=[1.13-1.48], p=0.0003), nor in women with cervical cancer in stage IB (n=1371, RR=1.73, 95% CI=[1.71-2.58], p=0.007). In addition, when adjusted for different carcinoma, it was associated with worse prognosis for all except the ones with vulvar cancer (n=201, RR=0.43, 95% CI=[0.14-1.29], p=0.13). Conclusions: This meta-analysis indicated that thrombocytosis might be associated with a worse prognosis for patients with gynecologic malignancies but without specificity or sensitivity for the ones in advanced stage. When adjusted for different gynecologic malignancies, it showed a significant effect on survival of all except vulvar cancers.