• 기본간호학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.113-120
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• 2005

Purpose: To identify risk factors for surgical site infections in patients undergoing general surgery, to analyze the prolonged hospital stay and extra cost for antibiotics, and to provide basic data for control of surgical site infections. Method: Surgical site infection was defined using the definition of the CDC and the data were analyzed by $x^2$-test and unpaired t-test. Results: The prevalence of surgical site infections was 9.7%, and it was related to wound class, duration of operation, number of operations, whether the operation was an emergency, trauma, drains, preoperative stays, presence of remote infection during operative period, and previous history of recent surgery. The mean duration for post-operative stay when a surgical site infection occurred was 9.5 days and in 56.9 % of the patients the surgical site infection appeared 7 days after the operation. Post-operative stays for infected patients were 20.3 days longer than that of uninfected patients. The mean cost of antibiotics for infected patients was higher than that for uninfected patients by 561,067 won per person. Conclusion: Surgical site infection results in an increased length of stay and extra-cost, thus, hospitals need to create strategies to reduce nosocomial infections through effective infection surveillance and by considering factors related to surgical site infections.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2005

The prevalence of parasitic infections was investigated in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients (n = 105) who visited Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea, during the period from 1995 to 2003. Fecal samples were collected from 67 patients for intestinal parasite examinations, and sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage samples from 60 patients for examination of Pneumocystis carinii. Both samples were obtained from 22 patients. Thirty-three ($31.4\%$) of the 105 were found to have parasitic infections; Cryptosporidium parvum ($10.5\%$; 7/67), Isospora belli ($7.5\%$; 5/67), Clonorchis sinensis ($3.0\%$; 2/67), Giardia lamblia ($1.5\%$; 1/67), Gymnophalloides seoi ($1.5\%$; 1/67), and Pneumocystis carinii ($28.3\%$; 17/60). The hospital records of the 11 intestinal parasite-infected patients showed that all suffered from diarrhea. This study shows that parasitic infections are important clinical complications in HIV-infected patients in the Republic of Korea.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제64권1호
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• pp.88-99
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• 2021

Objective : The treatment of choice for spinal epidural abscess (SEA) generally is urgent surgery in combination with intravenous antibiotic treatment. However, the optimal duration of antibiotic treatment has not been established to date, although 4-8 weeks is generally advised. Moreover, some researchers have reported that bacteremia is a risk factor for failure of antibiotic treatment in SEA. In this study, we investigated the clinical characteristics of SEA accompanied by bacteremia and also determined whether the conventional 4-8 weeks of antibiotic treatment is sufficient. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and radiological data of 23 patients with bacterial SEA who underwent open surgery from March 2010 to April 2020. All patients had bacteremia preoperatively and underwent weeks of perioperative antibiotic treatments based on their identified organisms until all symptoms of infection disappeared. All patients underwent microbiological studies of peripheral blood, specimens from SEA and concomitant infections. The mean follow-up duration was 35.2 months, excluding three patients who died. Results : The male : female ratio was 15 : 8, and the mean age was 68.9 years. The SEA most commonly involved the lumbar spinal segment (73.9%), and the mean size was 2.9 vertebral body lengths. Mean time periods of 8.4 days and 16.6 days were required from admission to diagnosis and from admission to surgery, respectively. Concomitant infections more frequently resulted in delayed diagnosis (p=0.032), masking the symptoms of SEA. Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus was the most commonly identified pathogen in both blood and surgical specimens. Seventeen patients (73.9%) showed no deficits at the final follow-up. The overall antibiotic treatment duration was a mean of 66.6 days, excluding three patients who died. This duration was longer than the conventionally advised 4-8 weeks (p=0.010), and psoas or paraspinal abscess required prolonged duration of antibiotic treatment (p=0.038). Conclusion : SEA accompanied by bacteremia required a longer duration (>8 weeks) of antibiotic treatment. In addition, the diagnosis was more frequently delayed in patients with concomitant infections. The duration of antibiotic treatment should be extended for SEA with bacteremia, and a high index of suspicion is mandatory for early diagnosis, especially in patients with concomitant infections.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.229-232
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• 2006

We retrospectively examined the charts of travelers admitted to the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Bangkok, Thailand, with malaria during the years 2000-2005. Twenty-one cases of malaria were identified, of which 12 (57%) were Plasmodium vivax infections and 9 (43%) were P. falciparum infections. There was one mixed case with vivax and falciparum infection. Only 1 P. falciparum case had complications. All cases were successfully treated with standard antimalarial drugs. Only 3 of the 21 cases were thought to be acquired in Thailand, the rest were regarded to be imported.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.135-138
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• 2024

A patient suffered from chronic ulcer due to recalcitrant fungal infection for 3.5 years. Five antifungal agents and 40 times of debridement—all failed. Finally, radical microscopic debridement was performed for eradication of fungal conidiospores. Since then, there was no recurrence at 2 years of follow-up. Scopulariopsis brevicaulis is one of the rarest pathogens of cutaneous fungal infections, for which multidrug resistance increased the complexity and difficulty of treatment. Radical excision, especially microscopic debridement, was the key for eradication of fungal conidiospores in this case.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.577-581
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• 2010

Descending necrotizing mediastinitis (DNM) is a complication of odontogenic or oropharyngeal infections that can spread to the mediastinum. Such infections is serious, leading to sepsis and frequently to death. Even in this era of antibiotics, the mortality rate associated with DNM is approximately 40%. It is difficult to diagnose early because clinical and radiologic findings appear in the late stage of the infection. Delayed diagnosis is the principal reason for the high mortality in DNM. Therefore, descending necrotizing mediastinitis requires an early and aggressive surgical approach to reduce the high morbidity and mortality associated with this disease. We experienced a case of odontogenic infection followed by acute mediastinitis, so present now with the review of literatures.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.118-124
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• 2015

Purpose: The symptoms and signs of urinary tract infection (UTI) in early infancy are non-specific. Prompt diagnosis of UTI is important, as untreated UTI results in renal damage. Especially, febrile UTI in young infants coexist with other serious bacterial infections. The purpose this study was to propose modified Rochester criteria to differentiate viral infection from urinary tract infection. Methods: We carried out a retrospective investigation of 168 infants less than three months old with a tympanic temperature $>38^{\circ}C$ who were admitted to Chung-Ang University Hospital between 2011 and 2014. We compared the symptoms, physical examination results, and laboratory data between viral infection and UTI groups. A modified Rochester criterion was composed of statistically significant factors. Results: A total of 76 and 92 infants with UTI and a viral infection, respectively, were included. Statistically significant differences in gender, previous admission history, neutrophil ratio, and urine WBC count were found between the two study groups. Using a cut off value of 3 points, the sensitivity and specificity of the modified Rochester criteria were 71.28% and 78.57%, respectively. Conclusion: The modified Rochester criteria may give an outline for identifying young infants with UTI.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.35-37
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• 2015

Pleuropulmonary diseases caused by Clostridial species infections are rare, but have a mortality rate of up to 30%. Furthermore, older people are at greater risk of developing invasive clostridium infections, and the majority of reported cases of clostridium empyema have been attributed to iatrogenic trauma or aspiration. The authors report a case of spontaneous empyema caused by Clostridium perfringens. A 72-year-old woman was admitted to Kangwon National University Hospital for empyema. The patient had no history of trauma, a dental procedure, or aspiration, and was treated using empirical antibiotics and by drainage of pleural fluid. Bacteria species that cause empyema are usually not detected, but on the 4th day of admission, C. perfringens was isolated from the pleural space. The patient was continuously treated with antibiotics for C. perfringens and drainage, and was discharged 25 days after admission with almost a fully recovered status. Increased awareness of Clostrium species infection in the elderly is needed to ensure appropriate treatment.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.55-63
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• 2009

목적 : 본 연구에서는 신생아중환자실 내 로타바이러스 감염의 발생 현황과 임상 양상을 분석하고 타 병원에서 전원된 신생아의 로타바이러스 감염이 신샹아 중환자실 내 로타바이러스 감염의 발생에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 방법 : 2001년 1월부터 2006년 12월까지 고려대학교 부속 안산병원 신생아중환자실에 입원한 환아 중 대변 검체에서 로타바이러스 감염을 진단받은 94명을 대상으로 의무 기록을 후향적으로 분석하였다. 로타바이러스 감염의 진단을 환아의 대변 검체를 이용한 로타바이러스 항원 검사에서 양성일 경우로 정의하였다. 통계학적으로는 SPSS 프로그램에서 Student's t-test, chi-square test와 time series analysis를 이용하였으며 유의수준 <0.05로 검증하였다. 결과 : 연구 기간 동안 신생아중환자실에 입원한 1,501명 중 94명(6.3%)이 로타바이러스 감염으로 진단되었으며 1,000 재원일수 당 4.9건이 발생하는 것으로 확인되었다. 연구 기간 중 타 병원에서 전원된 신샹아 223명 중 24명(10.8%)이 입원 시 시행한 검사에서 로타바이러스 감염으로 진단되었다. 로타바이러스 감염의 주된 증상은 황달의 악화 및 발생이 33례(35.1%)였고 설사를 포함한 붉은 변 24례(25.5%), 구토 15례(16.0%)를 보였으며 그 밖에 발열 9례(9.6%), 무호흡 5례(5.3%), 보챔 5례(5.3%), 경련( 5례(5.3%), 끙끙거림 4례(4.3%), 위 잔류량 증가 3례(3.2%) 등을 보였다. Stage II이상의 신샹아 괴사성 장염으로 진단된 환아는 3례(3.2%)이었다. 미숙아군(n=44)과 만삭아군(n=50)의 비교에서 황달의 악화 및 발생이 미숙아군에서 유의하게 많았으며 경련이 만삭아군에서, 신생아 괴사성 장염이 미숙아군에서 많이 발생하는 경향을 보였으나 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 타 병원에서 전원된 신생아의 입원 1개월 후 기존의 샌생아중환자실 입원 환아에서 로타바이러스 감염의 빈도가 증가하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. l이러한 로타바이러스 감염은 2내지 4개월 후에 그 발생빈도가 감소하는 것도 확인할 수 있었다. 결론 : 신생아중환자실 내 로타바이러스 감염은 드물지 않으며 황달의 악화 및 발생, 무호흡, 경련 등의 비전형적 증상이 상대적으로 많았다. Stage II 이상의 신샹아 괴사성 장염도 3.3%에서 발생하였으며 로타바이러스 감염을 지닌 환아가 신생아중환자실에 전원됨으로써 신생아중환자실 내 감염의 급증이 일어날 수 있으므로 로타바이러스 감염에 대한 상시적인 검사와 엄격한 관리가 필요하리라 생각된다.

• 한국의료질향상학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.26-35
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• 1997

Background : Glycopeptide antibiotics are the only drugs for treatment of infections due to beta-lactam-resistant Gram-positive bacteria. As the incidence of infection and colonization with vancomycin-resistant enterococci(VRE) rapidly increases, the hospital infection control practices advisory committee(HICPAC) recommends prudent vancomycin use to detect, prevent and control infection and colonization with VRE. Methods : The inpatients admitted from September to December, 1996 in Pusan National University Hospital, with Gram-positive bacterial infections were evaluated retrospectively to see whether the administrations of glycopeptide antibiotics were appropriate or not, upon comparison with the recommendations for preventing the spread of vancomycin resistance by HICPAC. Results : Teicoplanin has been chosen more frequently than vancomycin of the glycopeptide antibiotics. The indications of administration of glycopeptides in patients with pneumonia, wound infections, sepsis, and in febrile or neutropenic patients with malignancies were appropriate, but the use of glycopeptides for elimination of merely colonized bacteria in the oral cavity could not be excluded. Inappropriate use of glycopeptides was 10.6%, and inappropriately long-term use without positive culture for beta-lactam-resistant Gram-positive organisms was about 40% of total days of drug use. Conclusion : It seems essential for the quality assurance committee to make a plan in teaching the HICPAC recommendations to the medical practitioners who prescribed the glycopeptides inappropriately or used for irrelevantly long to his patient, monitor and survey their use of glycopeptides prospectively and periodically, and if there are repeated inappropriate prescriptions, a certain penalty would be given to the practitioners.