• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2018

Purpose : We investigated the effects of horseback riding and horseback riding machine exercise on the serum lipid profile in elderly individuals. Methods : Our study included 30 healthy elderly individuals who were randomly assigned to 2 groups: the horseback riding and the horseback riding machine exercise group, with each group comprising 15 individuals. The riding exercise program was performed 25 times a week over 12 weeks. The repeated measures analysis of variance was used to determine changes in serum lipid profiles before and after exercise 6 and 12 weeks after exercise. Results : An intergroup comparison of blood tests showed that triglyceride, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein-C levels were decreased in both groups after 12 weeks of the riding exercise program. However, both groups showed an increase in high-density lipoprotein-C levels, although this difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion : Horseback riding and horseback riding machine exercise showed a positive effect on the serum lipid profile in elderly individuals.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.123-129
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of mechanical horseback riding exercise on dynamic balance in patients with cerebral infarction. Methods: The subjects of this study were 30 cerebral infarction patients. Subjects in the control group received physical therapy for 45 minutes, three times per week, and those in the experimental group received mechanical horseback riding exercise for 30 minutes, three times per week, with physical therapy for 45 minutes, three times per week, during a period of six weeks. For evaluation of dynamic balance ability, limit of stability (LOS) was measured and TUG test was performed. Results: According to the test result, LOS showed a significant increase after the exercise, and TUG showed a significant decrease after the exercise. However, no significant correlation was observed between LOS difference and TUG difference. Conclusion: Mechanical horseback riding exercise is effective for improvement of dynamic balance in patients with cerebral infarction. Mechanical horseback riding exercise is a useful indoor exercise program for clinical use for improvement of dynamic balance.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.312-318
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the evidence that therapeutic horseback riding can improve balance, muscle, ADL, equivalenc, GMFM, gait, emotion with developmental disabilities and neural patients. Methods: To conduct meta-analysis, the search focused on studies that employed therapeutic horseback riding for developmental disabilities and neural patients for which eight databases (KIS, RISS, DBpia, National Assembly Library, Pubmed, Embase, Google scholar and Cochrane Library) were used to extract literature published from 2002 to September 2019. The data were analyzed the RevMan 3.5.3 program. Results: As a result of meta-analysis, therapeutic horseback riding total effect size is 0.552 for children with developmental disabilities and neural patients. And effect size result of according to assessment type variable first, balance effect size is 0.594. Second, muscle activities effect size is 0.425. Third, ADL effect size is 0.430. Fourth, equivalance effect size is 0.640. Fifth, GMFM effect size is 0.482. Sixth, gait effect size is 0.400 and seventh emotion effect size is 0.876. Conclusion: These findings is horseback riding is effective The effect size by outcome was observed to be the effective for children with developmental disabilities and neural patients. and also the horseback riding provided the positive effects of balance, muscle activities, ADL, equivalance, GMFM, gait, emotion for children with developmental disabilities and neural patients. It is hoped that this study will contribute to the development of effective treatments for children with developmental disabilities and neural patients therapeutic horseback riding and the development of study.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.141-146
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• 2013

This study was performed on 26 disabled adolescent participants (16 male, 10 female) with the objective of testing changes in equilibrium after engagement in horseback riding. Participants of total 26 persons were divided into three groups as follows: 6 children with Cerebral Palsy (CP), 14 children with Intellectual Disability (ID) and 6 children with Autism (AT). Participants engaged in therapeutic horseback riding (TR) two times per week for 30 minutes per session. The 26 participants demonstrated a considerable increase in equilibrium ability, with an average increase in equilibrium time of $44.22{\pm}50.70$ sec after TR. Equilibrium also increased according to disability group: CP (P < 0.05), ID (P < 0.001), and AT (P < 0.05). TR should be considered as a possible method for improving functionality in the physically disabled. This data may also be usefully applied to the development of a horseback riding program for the improvement of equilibrium in the disabled.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2018

This study is intended to identify how horseback riding affect the bone density of the elderly. A total of 31 normal senior citizens participated in the research, who were randomly divided into two groups: 15 in horseback riding exercise group and 16 in horseback riding machine exercise group. A horseback riding exercise program was carried out for 25 minutes twice a week for 12 weeks. A pre-test was conducted before starting the program and two post-tests were conducted 6 weeks and 12 weeks after exercises in the same way as the pre-test. Measured items were bone density of lumbar vertebrae and femur. In order to identify the changes in measurement variables before exercises and 6 weeks and 12 weeks after exercises, two-way repeated analysis of variance were used. The comparison of changes in the bone density in both groups revealed that there were significant differences in lumbar vertebrae L3, L4, femur trochanter in both groups over time. This study suggests that three-dimensional movements of horses through horseback riding exercises induce normal movements of senior citizens, providing positive effects on their bone density. If appropriate horse riding exercise programs are used considering the health status, time and economic conditions, and preferences of senior citizens, it would improve their quality of life.

• 재활복지
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.195-208
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• 2017

This study aimed to investigate the effect of the participation in rehabilitation horseback riding program on the sleep, and to provide the basic data by analyzing the sleep of individuals with autism spectrum disorders. This study subjects consisted of 10 individuals with autism spectrum disorders residing in a residential care facility for the people with intellectual disabilities. They participated in the 12 weeks rehabilitation horseback riding program regularly. To investigate the effects of participating this program on sleep, subjects' sleep time, wake-up time, total sleep time and wake-up frequency during sleep were measured. Descriptive statistics and Friedman test were conducted to analyze the change the sleep. As a reulst of anlysis, it was found that the sleep time came earlier, the total sleep time increased, and the wake-up frequency during sleep reduced. Therefore, the rehabilitation horseback riding program participation was shown to have a positive effect on the subjects' sleep. Since the application of this program can act as a positive factor in the sleep of the participations, it is expected to be used as an in-facility program for the residents with autism spectrum disorders.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.559-565
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• 2013

This study examined the effect of therapeutic horseback riding in children with spastic cerebral palsy. Participants were placed in a therapeutic riding (TR) group (n=7) or physical therapy (PT) group (n=7). This study was then conducted for 30 minutes, twice a week, for 8 weeks. The gross motor function measure (GMFM), range of motion (ROM), and spasticity test (ST) were analyzed pre-test (TR0 and PT0), mid-test (TR1 and PT1), and post-test (TR2 and PT2). We used the SPSS 12.0 statistical software for data analysis. We observed significant changes in GMFM Dimension C (crawling and kneeling), D (standing), and E (walking, running, and jumping) between TR2 and TR0 (P < 0.05). In the control group, GMFM Dimension B (sitting) and E showed significant changes between PT2 compared to PT0 (P < 0.05). In future studies we will consider using a therapeutic riding program for the treatment of children with disorders.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Oriental Medical Informatics
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.23-34
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• 2015

This study is aimed to verify what effects horseback riding has in treating hospitalized patients with low back pain in the Korean medicine hospital. The method of this study is choosing 31 people among hospitalized male and female patients whose chief complaints were low back pain in 2 Korean medicine hospital in Gyeonggi Province. 14 people who agreed to take horseback riding treatment were classified into experimental group and 17, the rest of the people, were classified into control group. Both experimental group and control group were treated with Korean medicine. In addition, only experimental group performed horseback riding program. Changes of temperature difference by digital infrared thermal imaging(DITI), sit and reach test and visual analogue scale(VAS) survey were used as measuring tools. IBM SPSS Statistics 21 was used in processing statistics. Mean ${\pm}$standard deviation was indicated down to two places of decimals and the level of significance was judged as p<0.05. The summary of this study's result is as in the following. First of all, the meaningful difference was shown in the experimental group but not in the control group in the difference of temperature between Yintang and Kwanwon(the difference between up and down). Secondly, there were significant difference in the experimental group which performed horseback riding treatments but not in the control group resulting from examining the change of temperature difference between left and right Yongchon. Thirdly, there were significant difference between experimental and control group in the change of sit and reach. Especially, the change was much more in experimental group. As known from the results above, patients who only were treated with Korean medicine relieved low back pain, reordered pelvis and improved the motor ability. However, the group which carried out horseback riding at the same time reordered pelvis and improved the motor ability more obviously.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.287-295
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• 2016

This study was conducted of students in their youth, who were having behavioral and emotional problems, anxiety, depression, and ADHD in their school. The participants took part in equestrian sports programs(equestrian program and apparatus program) twice a week, for 60 minutes each. To make progress in the study, mainly 4 scales are used as the standards of preliminary and post inspections : emotional and behavioral development scale, anxiety scale, depression scale, and ADHD scale. After conducting two-way ANOVA analysis, the conclusion was made as follows. The equestrian sports and horse riding exercise program which were used in this study did had an positive effect on emotional and behavioral scale, depression scale, anxiety scale, and ADHD scale. Moreover, it is determined that the equestrian sports had more positive effects than the equestrian sports which used apparatus. However, to precisely compare and contrast the effects of equestrian sports programs and apparatus programs, the follow-up studies need to limit the control group.

• Journal of Korean Medical Ki-Gong Academy
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.83-108
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• 2017

Objects : The purpose of this study was to investigate Urinary Incontinence improvement effect of Moosim Gi-Gong Riding stance and to propose urinary incontinence treatment Program. Methods : We analyzed the effect of Moosim Gi-Gong Riding stance, and compared to Behavior theraphy which includes Kegel Exercise, Riding Stance of Ki-chum, Zhan-Zhuang-Gong. Results : 1. Moosim Gi-Gong Riding stance can correct the pelvic strain with principles such as horseback riding and help restore organs in the abdominal cavity. 2. Moosim Gi-Gong Riding stance can restore the ability to recover bladder and proximal urethra in right place through changes in the abdominal pressure by breathing and posture 3. Moosim Gi-Gong Riding stance can help restoring the ability to control the urination by increasing the intensity of the abdominal pressure and reinforcing Kidney, Liver, Spleen Meridian muscles. 4. Reinforcing Kidney, Liver, Spleen Meridian muscles can help to treat urinary incontinence through strengthening the tension between organs and activating the intestinal tract. Conclusions : This study shows that treatment program for Urinary Incontinence using Moosim Gi-Gong Riding stance can be useful to patient.