• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.786-793
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to analysis the horizontal distance of COM and COP and the movement patterns of COM and COP during the badminton high-clear of woman middle school student. The select variables used in the statistical analyses(independent sample T-test) were the horizontal distance of COM and COP at (E4), and the maximum COM displacement of the back-, forward-, whole-swing phases between expert and novice groups. Based on the results in this study, it was concluded that: First, expert group showed the shorter horizontal distance between COM and COP in anteroposterior axis (X-axis) at Event 4 compared to the novice group. Second, expert group dominantly used COM vertical movement while novice group actively used COM horizontal movement during the badminton high-clear stroke.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.61-69
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of tensor fasciae latae-iliotibial band (TFL-ITB) self-stretching exercise on the lumbopelvic movement patterns during active prone hip lateral rotation (HLR) in subjects with lumbar extension rotation syndrome accompanying TFL-ITB shortness. Eleven subjects (9 male and 2 female) were recruited for the two-week study. A three dimensional ultrasonic motion analysis system was used to measure the lumbopelvic movement patterns. The TFL-ITB length was measured using the modified Ober's test and was expressed as the hip horizontal adduction angle. The subjects were instructed how to perform TFL-ITB self-stretching exercise program at home. A paired t-test was performed to determine the significant difference in the angle of lumbopelvic rotation, movement onset time of lumbopelvic rotation, TFL-ITB length, and LBP intensity before and after the two-week period of performing the TFL-ITB self-stretching exercise. The results showed that after the intervention, the lumbopelvic rotation angle decreased significantly (p<.05), the movement onset time reduced significantly (p<.05), and LBP intensity decreased slightly but not significantly (p=.07). The hip horizontal adduction angle increased significantly (p<.05) after the intervention. These findings indicate that TFL-ITB stretching exercise increased TFL-ITB length, decreased lumbopelvic rotation angle, and delayed the movement onset time of lumbopelvic rotation after two-weeks. In conclusion, the TFL-ITB self-stretching exercise performed over a period of two weeks may be an effective approach for patients with lumbar extension rotation syndrome accompanying TFL-ITB shortness.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.87-93
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• 2009

Variation of the observer's viewing position is one of the major causes of image space distortion in the stereoscopic display. Especially, a large image distortion, which is caused by different depth direction positions of the observer's two eyes, is made by the observer's rotation movement in relation to the center of the screen. This is different from distortion of horizontal and depth directional movement of the observer. In this paper, we analyzed distortion of the image space due to the observer's rotation movement and showed the corrected result of distortion through simulation in the stereoscopic display. Finally, we showed that the distortion shape of the observer's rotation movement is different from horizontal and depth directional movement of the observer.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.117-122
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to measure the active force of extraocular muscles on mono- and binocular movements for 62 healthy koreans (male: 29, female: 33). Methods: The force of adduction, abduction, elevation and depression, of right and left eye on monocular movement were tested with horizontal moving distance based on corneal limbus and the force of superior oblique muscle and inferior oblique muscle on binocular movement were measured with vertical moving distance between corneal limbus. The distances were obtained by high resolution digital image processing. Results: At monocular movements of tested subjects. the power of abduction, adduction, elevation and depression of right and left eye were (male) 9.35 nun, 9.75 mm, (female) 9.02 mm, 9.52 mm, (male) 10.23 mm, 10.16 mm, (female) 10.17 mm, 10.07 mm, (male) 7.01 mm,6.91 mm, (female) 6.98 mm, 6.64 mm, (male) 7.52 mm, 6.82 mm, (female) 7.52 mm, 6.67 mm, respectively. The active force of binocular movements were 54.8% hyperergasia and 45.1% hypergasia/67.7% hyperergasia and 32.2% hypergasia with inferior oblique muscle, 64.5% hyperergasia and 35.5% hypergasia/58.1% hyperergasia and 41.9% hypergasia with superior oblique muscle, respectively. Conclusions: The force of horizontal movement was higher than vertical movement. The value of adduction was higher than abduction on horizontal movement, and the value of depression was higher than elevation on vertical movement. In the both of inferior and superior oblique muscle, the ratio of hyperergasia was higher than that of hypergasia.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.457-463
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• 2011

Introduction: This study evaluate the soft tissue changes to the upper lip and nose after Le Fort I maxillary posterosuperior rotational movement. Materials and Methods: Twenty Skeletal class III patients, who had undergone bimaxillary surgery with a maxillary Le Fort I osteotomy and bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy, were included in the study. The surgical plan for maxilla was posterosuperior rotational movement, with the rotation center in the anterior nasal spine (ANS) of maxilla. Soft and hard tissue changes were measured by evaluating the lateral cephalograms obtained prior to surgery and at least 6 months after surgery. For cephalometric analysis, four hard tissue landmarks ANS, posterior nasal spine [PNS], A point, U1 tip), and five soft tissue landmarks (pronasale [Pn], subnasale [Sn], A' Point, upper lip [UL], stomion superius [StmS]) were marked. A paired t test, Pearson's correlation analysis and linear regression analysis were used to evaluate the soft and hard tissue changes and assess the correlation. A P value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: The U1 tip moved $2.52{\pm}1.54$ mm posteriorly in the horizontal plane (P<0.05). Among the soft tissue landmarks, Pn moved $0.97{\pm}1.1$ mm downward (P<0.05), UL moved $1.98{\pm}1.58$ mm posteriorly (P<0.05) and $1.18{\pm}1.85$ mm inferiorly (P<0.05), and StmS moved $1.68{\pm}1.48$ mm posteriorly (P<0.05) and $1.06{\pm}1.29$ mm inferiorly (P<0.05). The ratios of horizontal soft tissue movement to the hard tissue were 1:0.47 for the A point and A' point, and 1:0.74 for the U1 tip and UL. Vertically, the movement ratio between the A point and A' point was 1:0.38, between U1 tip and UL was 1:0.83, and between U1 tip and StmS was 1:0.79. Conclusion: Posterosuperior rotational movement of the maxilla in Le Fort I osteotomy results in posterior and inferior movement of UL. In addition, nasolabial angle was increased. Nasal tip and base of the nose showed a tendency to move downward and showed significant horizontal movement. The soft tissue changes in the upper lip and nasal area are believed to be induced by posterior movement at the UL area.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.133-138
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• 2005

This paper presents a characteristics of horizontal swing angle in V type suspension string sets for 765kV T/L. The design of V type suspension string set does not differ from that of general string set for general towers, but it prevents instabilities from swing motion by the horizontal angle and by the wind pressure. We were designed specially 6 conductor yoke, arcing horn and earth horn. And we were decided to 550mm for a distance of strings. We were carried out characteristics of horizontal swing test and movement of mass center test for V-string sets of 400kN single, 300kN double and 400kN double. This products will be used for 765kV T/L of 1 circuit in suspension towers.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.285-292
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• 1990

In order to elucidate the formation of reaction tissues during the transition from primary to secondary growth, the developmental anatomy was conducted in the first internode of Ginkgo biloba seedling in horizontal position. The righting of the horizontal first internode took place at the middle portion and gradually proceeded to the base during the primary growth. Reaction tissues were formed corresponding to the righting movement in the horizontal first internode. During the transition from primary to secondary growth, compression wood was gradually developed on the lower side only. The anatomical features of compression wood also extended longitudinally to the lower side of the vertical portion where it coincided with the lower side of the horizontal first internode occurs acropetally from basal to apical portion. Eventually, some of the anatomical features of compression wood occurred at the primary growth. And the typical compression wood is gradually established during the secondary growth. On the other hand, the lower side tracheid and ray were longer and higher than those of the upper side in the horizontal first internode. However, difference in the width of ray was not observed between the lower and upper sides.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.41-56
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• 1984

The purpose of this study is to obtain the normal range of mandibular movement for 13 year old boys and girls, and to compare it to the range of mandibular movement of class III patient and normal adult for diagnosis and prognosis of class III malocclusion and TMJ dysfunction. The subjects were 20 normal boys 20 normal girls 22 class III boys and 18 class III girls. The author measured the ranges and shapes of movement of the mandible in the frontal, sagittal and horizontal trajectories using Saphon visitrainer C II (Tokyo Shizaisha Inc.) for the subjects. The results obtained are as follows: 1) The mean for maximum right laterotrusion in the frontal trajectory were 11.96mm in N.B., 11.10mm in N.G., 11.32mm in III. B., 11.24mm in III G. The mean for maximum left laterotrusion were 11.48mm, 11.0mm, 10.91mm, 10.44mm respectively, Area of border movement were 7.16cm in N.B., 6.59cm in N.G., 7.29cm in III. B., 7.50cm in III. G. 2) The mean for maximum protrusion in the sagittal trajectory were 11.7mm in N.B., 11.4mm in N.G.,11.87mm in III B., and 11.02mm in III. G. 3) The mean for maximum protrusion in the horizontal trajectory were 10.20mm in N.B.,10.00 mm in N.G., 9.12mm for III. B. and 9.36mm in III. G. 4) The mean for maximum protrusion of Class III subjects were shorter than those of normal subjects. 5) There was no sexual difference in the range of mandibular movement for 13 year old subjects. N.B; Normal boys N.G.; Normal girls III.B.; Class III boys III. G.; Class III girls.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.106-111
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• 2015

Purpose: Impaired reaching movement is commonly observed in children with cerebral palsy. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the inclination of seat surface can influence the reaching movement in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy (CP). Methods: The subjects were 31 children, 16 children with spastic bilateral CP and 15 typically developing (TD) children. The children performed static sitting and forward reaching under three conditions: a horizontal seat surface (Horizontal $0^{\circ}$), a seat surface inclined anterior 15 degrees (Ant $15^{\circ}$), and a seat surface inclined posterior 15 degrees (Post $15^{\circ}$). A 3-axis accelerometer ('ZSTAR3') was used for analysis of the reaching movement. A 3-axis accelerometer was attached on the manubrium of the sternum, lateral epicondyle of the humerus, and styloid process of the ulna. We measured the reaction time, movement time, and data amount during reaching the 8 cm target with an index finger on the three inclined seat surfaces. Results: Reaction time and movement time for CPs showed significant delay; comparing the TD's and CP's amount was significantly greater than the TD's during reaching task (p<0.05). In particular, CP's reaction time and movement time on a seat surface inclined Ant $15^{\circ}$ was significantly more delayed compared with the other seat surfaces (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our results suggest that seat-inclination intervention may provide an ergonomic approach for children with spastic cerebral palsy.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.99-112
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• 2005

The ground excavation in the urban area induces in general ground movement and subsequent damage on the adjacent building structures. So the essentials in the designing stage are the prediction of ground movement induced by the ground excavation and the damage risk assessment of buildings adjacent to the excavation. A propsed prediction method of the ground movement induced by the strutted excavation has been studied with due consideration of the existing ground movement prediction methods. A building damage risk assessment method based on the angular distortion and the horizontal strain derived from the green-field ground movement is also proposed. These methods have been applied successfully in the on-going deep excavation project in Singapore.