• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.187-200
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• 2020

In the current work, a series of three-dimensional finite element analyses have been conducted to investigate the behaviour of pre-existing single piles in response to adjacent tunnelling by considering the tunnel face pressures and the relative locations of the pile tips with respect to the tunnel. Via numerical modelling, the effect of the face pressures on the pile behaviour has been analysed. In addition, the analyses have concentrated on the ground settlements, the pile head settlements and the shear stress transfer mechanism at the pile-soil interface. The settlements of the pile directly above the tunnel crown (with a vertical distance between the pile tip and the tunnel crown of 0.25D, where D is the tunnel diameter) with a face pressure of 50% of the in situ horizontal soil stress at the tunnel springline decreased by approximately 38% compared to the corresponding pile settlements with the minimum face pressure, namely, 25% of the in situ horizontal soil stress at the tunnel springline. Furthermore, the smaller the face pressure is, the larger the tunnelling-induced ground movements, the axial pile forces and the interface shear stresses. The ground settlements and the pile settlements were heavily affected by the face pressures and the positions of the pile tip with respect to the tunnel. When the piles were inside the tunnel influence zone, tensile forces were induced on piles, while compressive pile forces were expected to develop for piles that are outside the influence zone and on the boundary. In addition, the computed results have been compared with relevant previous studies that were reported in the literature. The behaviour of the piles that is triggered by adjacent tunnelling has been extensively examined and analysed by considering the several key features in substantial detail.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.1-19
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• 2021

Composite nature of the masonry structures in general causes complex and non-linear behaviour, especially in intense vibration conditions. The presence of different types and forms of structural elements and different materials is a major problem for the analysis of these type of structures. For this reason, the analysis of the behaviour of masonry structures requires a combination of experimental tests and non-linear mathematical modelling. The famous UNESCO Heritage Old Bridge in Mostar was selected as an example for the analysis of the global behaviour of reinforced stone arch masonry bridges. As part of the experimental research, a model of the Old Bridge was constructed in a scale of 1:9 and tested on a shaking table platform for different levels of seismic excitation. Non-linear mathematical modelling was performed using a combined finite-discrete element method (FDEM), including the effect of connection elements. The paper presents the horizontal displacement of the top of the arch and the failure mechanism of the Old Bridge model for the experimental and the numerical phase, as well as the comparison of the results. This research provided a clearer insight into the global behaviour of stone arch masonry structures reinforced with steel clamps and steel dowels, which is significant for the structures classified as world cultural heritage.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.47-59
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• 2008

2002년 이후 미국 펜실베니아를 중심으로 보강토 공법 교대의 적용사례가 급증하고 있는 추세이다. 이러한 보강토 공법 교대는 일반 콘크리트 옹벽 교대에 비하여 공사비 절감 및 공기 단축에 효과적이며 미관이 수려한 장점이 있다. 본 논문은 해외에서 이와같이 널리 활용되고 있는 보강토 교대의 이론적 배경 및 기존의 설계기준을 검토하였으며, 그 결과를 토대로 국내 교량형식에 적합한 보강토 교대의 적용성을 분석하였다. 우리나라에서 보강토교대를 적용하기 위하여 국내교량 형식에 따른 상부슈에 작용하는 하중을 분석한 후 교좌받침보 및 하부말뚝에 대하여 구조 검토한 결과, 거더의 자중이 큰 PSC BOX이외에서는 모두 적용이 가능한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 2차원 수치해석 및 3차원 수치해석을 수행하여 보강토 교대 하부 기초로 적용되는 H-Pile과 보강토 옹벽간의 상호 거동메커니즘을 분석하였으며, 실제 보강토 옹벽현장에서 보강토 옹벽 배면에 H-Pile을 7개소 시험시공을 실시하여 수평거동 특성을 분석하였다. 현장시험시공 분석결과, 보강토 교대의 하부기초로서 H-Pile을 적용하기 위해서는 뒤채움 재료는 내부마찰각이 최소 $34^{\circ}$이상인 양질의 뒷채움 재료를 사용하여야 하는 것으로 분석되었다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.565-576
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• 2020

Experimental and discrete element methods were used to investigate the effects of angle of Y shape non-persistent joint on the tensile behaviour of joint's bridge area under brazilian test. concrete samples with diameter of 100 mm and thikness of 40 mm were prepared. Within the specimen, two Y shape non-persistent notches were provided. The large notch lengths were 6 cm, 4 cm and 2 cm. the small notch lengths were 3 cm, 2 cm and 1 cm. The angle of larger notch related to horizontal axis was 0°, 30°, 60°, 90°. Totally, 12 different configuration systems were prepared for Y shape non-persistent joints. Also, 18 models with different Y shape non-persistent notch angle and notch length were prepared in numerical model. The large notch lengths were 6 cm, 4 cm and 2 cm. the small notch lengths were 3 cm, 2 cm and 1 cm. The angle of larger notch related to horizontal axis was 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150. Tensile strength of model materil was 1 MPa. The axial load was applied to the model by rate of 0.02 mm/sec. This testing showed that the failure process was mostly governed by the Y shape non-persistent joint angle and joint length. The tensile strengths of the specimens were related to the fracture pattern and failure mechanism of the discontinuities. It was shown that the tensile behaviour of discontinuities is related to the number of the induced tensile cracks which are increased by increasing the joint length and joint angle. The minimum tensile strength occurs when the angle of larger joint related to horizontal axis was 60°. Also, the maximum compressive strength occurs when the angle of larger joint related to horizontal axis was 90°. The tensile strength was decreased by increasing the notch length. The failure pattern and failure strength are similar in both methods i.e. the experimental testing and the numerical simulation methods.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회A
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• pp.337-342
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• 2007

In this study, molecular dynamics simulation of nano imprint lithography in which patterned stamp is pressed onto amorphous polyethylene(PE) surface are performed to study the behaviour of polymer. Force fields including bond, angle, torsion, and Lennard Jones potential are used to describe the inter-molecular and intra-molecular force of PE molecules and stamp, substrate. Periodic boundary condition is used in horizontal direction and canonical NVT ensemble is used to control the system temperature. As the simulation results, the behaviour of polymer is investigated during the imprinting process. The mechanism of polymer deformation is studied by means of inspecting the surface shape, volume, density, atom distribution. Deformation of the polymer resist was found for various of the stamp geometry and the alignment state of the polymer molecules.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2005년도 봄학술 발표회 논문집(I)
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• pp.435-438
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• 2005

The use of new hybrid systems that combine the advantages of steel and reinforced concrete structures has gained popularity. One of these new mixed systems consists of steel beams and reinforced concrete shear wall, which represents a cost- and time-effective type of construction. A number of previous studies have focused on examining the seismic response of steel coupling beams in a hybrid wall system. However, the shear transfer of steel coupling beam-wall connections with panel shear failure has not been thoroughly investigated. The objective of this research was to investigate the seismic performance of steel coupling beamwall connections governed by panel shear failure. To evaluate the contribution of each mechanism, depending upon connection details, an experimental study was carried out The test variables included the reinforcement details that confer a ductile behaviour on the steel coupling beam-wall connection, i.e., the face bearing plates and the horizontal ties in the panel region of steel coupling beam-wall connections. It investigates the seismic behaviour of the steel coupling beams-wall connections in terms of the deformation characteristics. The results and discussion presented in this paper provide background for a companion paper that includes a design model for calculating panel shear strength of the steel coupling beam-wall connections.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.31-45
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• 2022

Experimental and numerical simulation were used to investigate the effects of angle and number of T shape non-persistent crack on the shear behaviour of crack's bridge area under uniaxial compressive test. concrete samples with dimension of 150 mm×150 mm×40 mm were prepared. Within the specimen, T shape non-persistent notches were provided. 16 different configuration systems were prepared for T shape non-persistent crack based on two and three cracks. In these configurations, the length of cracks were taken as 4 cm and 2 cm based on the cracks configuration systems. The angle of larger crack related to horizontal axis was 0°, 30°, 60° and 90°. Similar to cracks configuration systems in the experimental tests, 28 models with different T shape non-persistent crack angle were prepared in numerical model. The length of cracks were taken as 4 cm and 2 cm based on the cracks configuration systems. The angle of larger crack related to horizontal axis was 0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75° and 90°. Tensile strength of concrete was 1 MPa. The axial load was applied to the model. Displacement loading rate was controlled to 0.005 mm/s. Results indicated that the failure process was significantly controled by the T shape non-persistent crack angle and crack number. The compressive strengths of the specimens were related to the fracture pattern and failure mechanism of the discontinuities. Furthermore, it was shown that the compressive behaviour of discontinuities is related to the number of the induced tensile cracks which are increased by increasing the crack number and crack angle. The strength of samples decreased by increasing the crack number. In addition, the failure pattern and failure strength are similar in both methods i.e. the experimental testing and the numerical simulation methods (PFC2D).

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.23-46
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 터널 근접 시공으로 인한 기 존재 단독말뚝의 공학적 거동을 파악하기 위하여 터널로부터 말뚝선단의 이격거리와 막장압의 변화를 고려한 3차원 유한요소해석을 수행하였다. 수치해석에서는 터널 막장압을 고려하여 말뚝의 거동을 분석하였으며, 터널굴착으로 유발되는 지반침하, 말뚝두부침하, 말뚝축력 및 말뚝-지반 사이의 경계면에서 발생하는 전단응력을 고찰하였다. 말뚝이 터널 크라운(crown) 바로 상부에 위치하고 말뚝선단까지의 수직 이격거리가 0.25D (여기서, D는 터널직경)인 경우 초기 응력의 50%에 해당하는 막장압을 적용할 경우 25%의 막장압을 적용한 것과 비교한 결과 말뚝두부의 침하가 약 38% 감소하였다. 또한, 막장압의 크기가 작을수록 지반침하, 말뚝의 축력 및 말뚝-지반 사이에서 발생하는 전단응력이 증가하며, 말뚝이 터널굴착 영향권 밖에 존재할 경우 말뚝에는 압축력 형태의 축력이 발생하였다. 따라서 막장압의 크기 및 터널-말뚝선단의 상대위치는 지반 침하와 말뚝 침하에 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구에서 수행된 연구결과의 경우 기존에 보고된 연구결과를 바탕으로 비교분석을 실시하였으며, 터널굴착으로 인한 말뚝의 거동을 심도 있게 분석하였다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.99-109
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• 2021

Experimental and discrete element methods were used to investigate the effects of echelon non-persistent joint on the failure behaviour of joint's bridge area under uniaxial compressive test. Concrete samples with dimension of 150 mm×100 mm×50 mm were prepared. Uniaxial compressive strength and tensile strength of concrete were 14 MPa and 1MPa, respectivly. Within the specimen, three echelon non-persistent notches were provided. These joints were distributed on the three diagonal plane. the angle of diagonal plane related to horizontal axis were 15°, 30° and 45°. The angle of joints related to diagonal plane were 30°, 45°, 60°. Totally, 9 different configuration systems were prepared for non-persistent joint. In these configurations, the length of joints were taken as 2 cm. Similar to those for joints configuration systems in the experimental tests, 9 models with different echelon non-persistent joint were prepared in numerical model. The axial load was applied to the model by rate of 0.05 mm/min. the results show that the failure process was mostly governed by both of the non-persistent joint angle and diagonal plane angle. The compressive strengths of the specimens were related to the fracture pattern and failure mechanism of the discontinuities. It was shown that the shear behaviour of discontinuities is related to the number of the induced tensile cracks which are increased by increasing the joint angle. The strength of samples increase by increasing both of the joint angle and diagonal plane angle. The failure pattern and failure strength are similar in both methods i.e. the experimental testing and the numerical simulation methods.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.173-188
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• 2015

Several structural calamities in the second half of the 20th century have shown that adequate collapse-resistance cannot be achieved by designing the individual elements of a structure without taking their interconnectivity into consideration. It has long been acknowledged that membrane behaviour of reinforced concrete structures can significantly increase the robustness of a structure and delay a complete collapse. An experimental large-scale test was conducted on a horizontally restrained, continuous reinforced concrete slab exposed to an artificial failure of the central support and subsequent loading until collapse of the specimen. Within this investigation the development of catenary action associated with the formation of large displacements was observed to increase the ultimate load capacity of the specimen significantly. The development of displacements, strains and horizontal forces within this investigation confirmed a load transfer process from an elastic bending mechanism to a tension controlled catenary mechanism. In this contribution a special focus is directed towards strain and crack development at critical sections. The results of this contribution are of particular importance when validating numerical models related to the development of catenary action in concrete slabs.