• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.675-688
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• 2022

Produced by steaming mature silkworms, HongJam is a natural functional food with various health-promoting effects. The current standard HongJam production protocol involves freezing and freeze-drying steamed mature silkworms for convenient long-term storage and/or selling it to customers. However, freeze-drying HongJam requires a range of processes and costs, which have contributed to its high resale value. In this study, we found that the cost of manufacturing HongJam powder could be reduced by homogenizing steamed mature silkworms using a high-speed blender and digital homogenizer, followed by spray drying. After the homogenized HongJam solution was digested by directly adding food-graded proteases, food-graded protease-digested homogenized HongJam solution was spray-dried. Food-graded digested protease or non-digested homogenized HongJam solutions could be used to produce food for special medical use for patients with general or specific diseases. This more efficient HongJam processing protocol proposed in this study can facilitate the development of sericulture farms and related industries by reducing the production costs of HongJam and its associated products.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.84-92
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• 2022

White-Jade silkworm (previously also known as Baegokjam) variety is the most popular silkworm variety that produces white cocoons. In 2021, the market share of White-Jade variety in Korea is very high, accounting for 88% of the silkworm production. Daebaekjam, Dodamsilkworm, Kumkangjam, and Kumokjam varieties, which have recently been established, make white cocoons like White-Jade. In this study, we found that 5 types of HongJams produced from 5 varieties of silkworms producing white cocoons did not show any severe difference in proximate analysis. The amounts of crude proteins, the most abundant nutrient, were between 71.05 ~ 73.38%, and those of crude lipids were 13.89 ~ 14.69% in 5 types of HongJams. In addition, there was no difference between White-Jade HongJam (WJ) and Daebaekjam HongJam in amino acid compositions. The amount of unsaturated fatty acid was significantly higher in WJ than in the other four types of HongJams, but the omega-6 fatty acids/omega-3 fatty acids ratio was higher in the four types of HongJams. Most of the minerals were higher in four types of HongJams than in WJ, and three heavy metal were not detected in all 5 types of HongJams. Phytochemicals were also most abundant in WJ, but the difference in the amounts were not severe. And pepsin digestibility was the highest for Kumokjam HongJam and the lowest for Dodam-silkworm HongJam, but the difference was not severe. The nutritional component analysis results of this study suggested that four new varieties can be used for producing HongJams, and Daebaekjam can replace White-Jade the most as the protein source.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.65-68
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• 2001

A new silkworm variety, Chunsujam, for spring rearing season is F$_1$ hybrid between Japanese race Jam145 bred by 8459/8711 and Chinese race Jam146 by 8544/M8626. Jam145, Japanese parent of the Chunsujam, showed high GCA in pupation rate and Jam146, Chinese parent, showed high GCA in pupation rate and single cocoon weight. In the local adaptability test performed at 8 local areas in spring of 1999, Chunsujam was 5% higher in larval weight, 3% in single cocoon weight, and 4% in cocoon yield from 10,000 of the 3rd molted larvae, respectively, than the check variety Baegokjam.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.77-81
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• 2002

A new non-cocooning silkworm variety, Hachojam, suitable for autumn rearing season is single cross Fl hybrid between Japanese race Jam 307 and Chinese race Jam 126. Jam 307, Japanese parent of the Hachojam, which is a source for non-cocooning process showed a high GCA (generation combining ability) in naked pupation rate and Jam 126, Chinese parent, showed a high GCA in pupation rate and single pupal weight. In the local adaptability test performed at 8 local areas in autumn of 1999 to 2000, the naked pupation rate and thin cocoon rate of Hachojam were 64.7% and 35.3% , respectively. The pupal weight calculated from 10,000 of the 3rd molted larvae was 24% heavier in Hachcjam than the cocoon-producing, check variety Daesungjam.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.57-61
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• 2003

A new silkworm variety, Chugangjam, with a sex-limited larval marking and high silk yielding for summer-autumn rearing season is $F_1$ hybrid between Jam 147, a Japanese race bred from P8503/8453, and Jam 148, a Chinese race from M8306/Jam 130. Jam 147, Japanese parent of the Chugangjam showed a high GCA (general combining ability) in pupation percentage and Jam 148, Chinese parent, showed a high GCA in pupation percentage and single cocoon weight. In the local adaptability test performed at 8 local areas in autumn of 2001, Chugangjam was 5% higher in cocoon yield and 8% in raw silk productivity in the 10,000 of the 3rd molted larvae, respectively, than the check variety Daesungjam.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.649-654
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• 2010

In order to develop new functional yogurts using mulberries and mulberry leaves, which were cultivated in Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam Province, Korea, the nutritional compositions, fermentation conditions, sensory properties, and storage stabilities of the yogurts were analyzed. The mulberry powder yogurt contained 87.96% moisture, 3.21% carbohydrate, 4.52% protein, 3.63% lipid, and 0.68% ash, and the mulberry leaf yogurt contained 86.36% moisture, 4.13% carbohydrate, 4.87% protein, 3.79% lipid, and 0.85% ash. A yogurt base was fermented for 13 h with 0.01% ABT-5 starter inoculum at $40^{\circ}C$. To prepare the mulberry jam and mulberry leaf yogurts, a variety of mulberry jam and mulberry leaf samples were added to the yogurt base. The sensory evaluation results of the yogurts containing the mulberry jam and mulberry leaves indicated that a product made with 15% mulberry jam was more strongly preferred than other samples. When the mulberry jam and mulberry leaf yogurts were stored at $4^{\circ}C$ for 15 d, there were no significant changes in pH, titratable acidity, or viable cell numbers of lactic acid bacteria and Bifidobacterium bifidum.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.114-120
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• 1995

The effect of juvenile hormone analogue(JHA, Manina) on larval feeding duration, pupation ratio, cocoon weight, and cocoon shell weight in the present commercial parent and hybrid silkworm stocks were investigated. Topical applications of JHA on parent silkworm stocks were to prolong larval duration, but results of response on those stocks were not consistent. Especially the JHA on Jam 121, Jam 123 and Jam 138 did not play a role in larval duration, whereas that on Jam 114 was most effective in prolongation more than two days, compared with the controls. subsequent prolongation of feeding duration resulted in increase of cocoon weight and cocoon shell weight of most parent silkworm stocks, while Jam 114 showed decrease in cocoon weight and cocoon shell weight in spite of prolonged feeding duration of two days. Unlike the parent silkworm stocks, durations of feeding period in all hybrid silkworm stocks were prolonged about one day. Treatments of JHA on the hybrid stocks gave rise to increase of cocoon weight and cocoon shell weight, and especially were most effective in Sasung-jam, Eunbaek-jam and Samgwang-jam. Although treatments of JHA seemed to have no harmful effect on physiology of parent silkworm stocks as well as that of hybrid stocks, the JHA retarded pupation ratio of some parent silkworm stocks such as Jam 122, 131, 135 and 138 by about 10%.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.1068-1072
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• 2000

Strawberry jams were prepared with addition of 1.0 and 2.0% dietary fiber isolated from ascidian (Halocynthia roretzi) tunic for recycling wastes of seafood source and developing new food products. The texture of the jams examined were using a back extrusion rig. All of the rheological parameters decreased in the fiber-enhanced jams. Viscosity profiles were also decreased in the fiber-enhanced jam samples. Hunter L' and a' values increased in the fiber-enhanced jams, accordingly revealing reddish color. As a result of sensory evaluations, the result of taste tests and overall acceptability were significantly acceptable. In the list of acceptability factors, except spreadibility, jam where 1% fiber was added, high sensory scores and preferable acceptability were noted.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.19-27
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• 2020

The aim of this study was to elucidate the difference in the amount of phytochemicals and anti-oxidant activities of the freeze-dried 5th instar 3rd day silkworm powder (FDSP) and 7 HongJams (HJs). Three primary colors of light of 8 silkworm powders revealed why each sample had unique color. The visual and absorption spectrum analyses of 80% methanol (MeOH) extracts of 8 silkworm powders revealed that white jade (WJ)-FDSP extracts showing strong forest-green colors had different absorption spectrum from 7 HJs. Among 7 HJs, the absorption spectrum of light green silkworm (LGS)-HJ extract was different from those of other HJ extracts. The amounts of total flavonoids and phenolic compounds of WJ-FDSP were 423.0±9.21% and 252.3±12.86%, respectively, more than those of WJ-HJ. Among 7 HJs, the amounts of total flavonoids and phenolic compounds in LGS-and red silkorm (RS)-HJ extracts were significantly more than those of WJ-HJ extract. Consistent with the amounts of phytochemicals, radical scavenging activity and reducing ability of WJ-FDSP extract were significantly higher that other HJ extracts. Among 7 silkworm powder extracts, LGS-HJ extract showed significantly higher radical scavenging activity and reducing ability than those of WJ-HJ extract. But, RS-HJ extract only showed significantly higher radical scavenging activity than that of WJ-HJ extract. Taken together, the amounts of phytochemicals in 8 silkworm powders contributed on their colors and anti-oxidant activities.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.179-182
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• 2011

Normally the first generation of hybrid is supplied for farm rearing, precise and labor saving sex discrimination is needed. The new strain "Hansaengjam" is sex-limited (female:larval markings, male:no-markings) strain which was bred from both sex-limited strain Japanese originated Jam 153 and Chinese originated strain Jam 154. Productivity test of Hansaengjam during 2007 and 2009 showed high healthiness and cocoon yield. The Hansaengjam is evaluated as an excellent strain from healthiness, cocoon yield and other test results.