• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.369-387
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• 2016

In this work, random homogenization analysis for the effective thermal properties of a three-dimensional composite material with unidirectional fibers is presented by combining the equivalent inclusion method with Random Factor Method (RFM). The randomness of the micro-structural morphology and constituent material properties as well as the correlation among these random parameters are completely accounted for, and stochastic effective thermal properties as thermal expansion coefficients as well as their correlation are then sought. Results from the RFM and the Monte-Carlo Method (MCM) are compared. The impact of randomness and correlation of the micro-structural parameters on the random homogenized results is revealed by two methods simultaneously, and some important conclusions are obtained.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.388-394
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• 2007

Many engineering problems require the calculation of effective material properties of a structure which is composed of repeated micro-structures. The homogenization method has been used to calculate the effective (homogenized) properties of composites and several homogenization procedures for different physical fields have been introduced. This research describes the modified homogenization technique for magnetostatic problems. Assuming that the material is periodically repeated, its effective permeability can be prescribed by calculating the homogenized magnetic reluctivity using the finite element analysis of the micro unit cell. Validity of the suggested method is confirmed by comparing the results by the energy based method as well as the widely known homogenization method.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.5-10
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• 1974

본 실험에서는 여비압연이 4. 6%Mg-0.5% Mn-0.18%Cr의 알루미늄합금의 균질화처리 및 그의 기계적 성질에 마치는 영향을 조사하였다. 여비압연후 균질화 열처리된 시편은 주조상태의 시편에 비하여 실온 인장강도 및 연신률이 증가되고 있음을 보여주었다. $400^{\circ}C$의 고온 인장시험의 결과는 여비압연후 균질화열처리한 시편이 주조상태 또는 그의 균질화처리만 시행한 것에 비하여 다소 낮은 인장강도와 현저히 향상된 연신률을 소지함을 보여주었다. 여비압연후 균질화열처리된 시편의 금속현미경조직은 다른 시편들에 비해 결정입계에 ${\beta}$ 상등의 제2상이 현저히 감소되고 있음을 나타내고 있다. 시편의 결정입내 및 입계에 있어서의 주된 합금첨가원소인 Mg 분포상태를 EPMA를 사용하여 조사하였다. 이 결과는 균질화처리를 시행하기 전에 여비압연을 도입함으로써 균질화처리의 효과가 증대되고 있음을 보여주고 있다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2018

The multi-scale analysis is more proper and precise for composite materials because of considering the individual microscopic structure and properties of each material for composite materials. The purpose of this study is to verify the validity of using palladium particles in carbon/fiber composites by multi-scale analysis. The palladium is a material for itself to detect leaking hydrogen by using the property of adsorbing hydrogen. The macroscopic model material properties used in this study are homogeneous material properties from microstructure. Homogenized material properties that are calculated from periodic boundary conditions in the microscopic representative volume element model of each macroscopic analysis model. In this study, three macroscopic models were used : carbon fiber/epoxy, carbon fiber/palladium, palladium/epoxy. As a result, adding palladium to carbon/epoxy composite is not a problem in terms of strength.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권7호
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• pp.2939-2944
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• 2011

용융탄산염형 연료전지 시스템의 성능 향상을 위해 핵심 부분인 스택을 수치적으로 모사할 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 스택은 다양한 재질, 즉 금속, 세라믹, 폴리머 등으로 이루어져 있고 또한 단위전지 수백 장이 적층되어 제작되기 때문에 이를 전부 세세히 모델링하여 고려하는 것은 거의 불가능하다. 이에 따라 스택 전체를 하나의 균질한 물질로 대체할 수 있는 균질 물성치 도출이 요구되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 단위전지 압축률을 도입하고 모든 압축 변형이 분리판과 매트릭스에서만 일어난다는 등의 몇 가지 기본 가정 하에서 스택의 두 가지 영역, 즉 활성 영역과 매니폴드 영역에서 각각 균질 물성치를 추정하였다. 추정된 물성치를 실제 문제에 적용하여 성공적인 결과를 얻을 수 있었다.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.78-84
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• 2003

The changes of microstructure and hardness of TLP bonds of directionally solidified Ni base superalloy, GTD-111, with variation of homogenizing and aging treatment were investigated. The specimens were bonded at 1403K for 7.2ks using different insert metals such as MBF-50, MBF-80 and MBF-90 and they were homogenized at 1393K with various holding time. At center of bonded interlayer homogenized for hold time 30h, the contents of aluminum and titanium were approximately 90% and 95% of base metal, respectively. In this study, aging was performed at three different kinds : one step aging ; 1113K $\times$ 16h, two step aging ; 1113K $\times$ 10h ⇒ 1103K $\times$ 10h, three step aging ; 1113K $\times$ 10h ⇒ 1103K $\times$ 8h ⇒ 922K $\times$ 24h. ${\gamma}$' volume fraction and hardness of joints were high in the sequence of one step, two step and three step aging, whereas ${\gamma}$' volume fraction and hardness of joints obtained by three step aging treatment were higher than those of raw material. Tensile properties of joints bonded with MBF-80 and MBF-90, homogenized at 1393K for 30h and then three step aged became excellent than those of raw material, however, joint bonded with MBF-50 was poor.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회논문집A
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• pp.399-404
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• 2000

Functionally graded materials(FGMs) involve dual-phase graded layers in which two different constituents are mixed continuously and functionally according to a given volume fraction. For the analysis of their thermo-mechanical response, conventional homogenized methods have been widely employed in order to estimate equivalent material properties of the graded layer. However, such overall estimations are insufficient to accurately predict the local behavior. In this paper, we compare the thermo-elastic behaviors predicted by several overall material-property estimation techniques with those obtained by discrete analysis models utilizing the finite element method, for various volume fractions and loading conditions.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 1998년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.3-10
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• 1998

Optimization problems may be devided into geometry optimization problems and topology optimization problems. In this paper, a method using tile equivalent material properties prediction techniques of a particulate-reinforced composites is proposed for the topology optimization. This method makes use of penalty factor in order that regions with intermediate value of design variables can be penalized. The computational results being obtained from PLBA algorithm of some values of penalty factor are presented.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.46-51
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• 2015

The mechanical and electrical properties of aluminium alloy 6061 are reported in this present work. Aluminium alloys were homogenized at $550^{\circ}C$, for 5 hours and cooled in the furnace. The different thickness reductions of 60-90% on homogenized aluminium alloy plates were achieved by cryo-rolling. Later, the as rolled samples were aged by solution treatment at the temperatures of $520^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour, water quenched; subsequently aged at $160^{\circ}C$ for 8-24 hours and partial aged (not solution treatment) at $160^{\circ}C$ for 8- 24 hours. Mechanical and electrical properties of samples were investigated. The experimental result showed that the microhardness of cryo-rolled samples were increase with increasing the percentage of the thickness reduction. Moreover, the microhardness of cryo-rolled, aged by solution treatment samples were higher than those of the cryo-rolled and cryo-rolled, partial aged samples. The cryo-rolled alloys subjected to full aged at $160^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours exhibited the hardness of 125 HV and electrical conductivity values was 45.76 %IACS and the cryo-rolled alloys subjected to partial aged at $160^{\circ}C$ for 20 hours exhibited the hardness of 67 HV and electrical conductivity values was 49.67 %IACS.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.306-313
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• 2000

The homogenization method and the density function method are common approaches to evaluate the equivalent material properties for design cells composed of matter and void. In this research, using a new topology optimization method based on the homogenized material with a penalty factor and the chessboard prevention strategy, we obtain the optimal layout of a structure for the natural frequency of a designated mode. The volume fraction of nodes of each finite element is chosen as the design variable and a total material usage constraint is imposed. In this paper, the subspace method is used to evaluate the eigenvalue and its corresponding eigenvector of the structure for the designated mode and the recursive quadratic programming algorithm, PLBA algorithm, is used to solve the topology optimization problem.