• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.532-542
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• 2007

The purpose of study was to review the transition of dentition according to the evolution of man to know the background of the dental problems like hypodontia and malocclusion. Man is Kingdom Animalia, Phylum Chordata, Class Mammalia, Order Primates, Suborder Haplorrhini, Superfamily Hominoidea, Family Hominidae, Genus Homo, Species Sapiens by taxonomy. The first hominid was Australopithecus which appeared c. 4 millions of years ago and showed bipedalism and distinct dentition. Homos began with H. habilis who appeared c. 2.5 millions of years ago and made stone tools, and then H. erectus and H. neanderthalensis appeared and disappeared until H. sapiens came. The dental formula of primitive mammalians which was I3 C1 P4 M3 changed to I2 C1 P4 M3 of primitive primates, to I2 C1 P3 M3 of Haplorrhini, and to I2 C1 P2 M3 of hominoids. That of H. sapiens is changing to I2 C1 P2 M2.The box type dentition of hominoids changed to the omega type dentition of Australopithecus, and to the parabolic type of H. sapiens. The size of teeth decreased continually, especially the canine and sexual dimorphism. The dentition moved backward and downward to the cranial crown according to the increase of the brain and decrease of the jaws. It was suggested that the change of diet to the starchy foods, food processing, and the development of cooking reduced the necessity of mastication and caused the change of dentition. The future of H. sapiens who is quite a new species in the earth histroy and is now causing the mass extinction of other species is hard to see. It seems that hypodontia and malocclusion are related to the dentition change according to the evolution of man and is likely to increase.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.116-124
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• 2018

Lysozyme is known as a key substance of the innate immunity and have antibacterial effect in the mucosal tissues, especially middle ear. Aquaporin (AQP) functions as water movement in the tissue and has been expected to be participated in the inflammatory responses. In the present study, we investigated to reveal association of lysozymes and AQPs in otitis media. The gene expression of lysozyme genes, homo sapiens lysozyme (hLYZ), homo sapiens lysozyme M (hLYZ M), and homo sapiens lysozyme G like-2 (hLYGH), and AQP genes (AQP 0 - AQP 12) were measured from postauricular skin, mastoid mucosa, inflamed mastoid mucosa, and middle ear mucosa. The hLYZ, hLYZ M and hLYGH gene were expressed in mastoid mucosa, inflamed mastoid mucosa, middle ear mucosa. Of AQP genes, all AQP gene except AQP 3 gene were expressed in the tissue of middle ear. Among them, AQP 4, AQP 8, AQP 9, AQP 10, AQP 11 and AQP 12 were highly expressed in the inflamed mastoid mucosa and normal mastoid mucosa (P<0.001). Interestingly, expression levels of AQP 4, AQP 9, and AQP 12 gene were significantly higher in the inflamed mastoid mucosa compared to normal middle ear mucosa (P<0.05). These results suggest that lysozyme and AQPs could be associated with inflammatory response in the middle ear.

• Communications of the Korean Institute of Information Scientists and Engineers
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• v.30 no.12
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• pp.71-83
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• 2012

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.12
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• pp.1666-1673
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• 2011

The presence of sialoglycoproteins (SGPs) in the membranes from goat (Capra aegagrus hircus), buffalo (Bubalus bubalis bubalis) and pig (Sus scrofa domestica) erythrocytes was investigated by partial purification with a chloroform-methanol extraction method followed by Sodium dodecyl sulphate - Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in comparison to human (Homo sapiens) erythrocytes. The results show that mammalian erythrocytes possess clear differences in the SGPs numbers and molecular weights although all animals studied in this experiment are from the same class i.e. mammalia. The SGPs number in human, goat, buffalo and pig are four (PAS-1 to PAS-4), ten (PAS-GI to PAS-GX), seven (PAS-BI to PAS-BVII) and four (PAS-PI to PAS-IV) respectively as indicated by staining the polyacrylamide gel with sialoglycoprotein-specific Periodic acid-Schiff's (PAS) stain. The new SGPs could be observed only after the partial purification of membrane fractions named as PAS-HI with molecular weight (Mr) 190 kDa and PAS-HII 150 kDa in human, PAS-BIA in buffalo and PAS-PIA and PAS-PIVA in pig. The gels were also stained with Coomassie brilliant blue (CBB) and Silver stain to check the contamination of other membrane proteins in the purified fractions. The quantitative distribution of SGPs was also determined by densitometry. Present study indicates that there are some basic differences in mammalian erythrocyte membrane SGPs, especially with respect to their number and molecular weights indicating major structural variations.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.52-54
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• 2005

Visualization of the homology information is an important method to analyze the evolutionary and functional meanings of genes. With a database containing model genomes of Homo sapiens, Mus muculus, and Rattus norvegicus, we constructed a web­based comparative analysis tool, BioCovi, to visualize the homology information of mammalian sequences on a very large scale. The user interface has several features: it marks regions whose identity is greater than that specified, it shows or hides gaps from the result of global sequence alignment, and it inverts the graph when total identity is higher than the threshold specified.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.21-24
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• 1993

인간을 학술용어로는 호모 사피엔스(Homo Sapiens:지성인) 또는 호모 파베르(Homo Faber:공작인)로 표현하는 것에서도 알 수 있듯이 우리 인간은 그 이유야 어쨌든 본질적으로 도구를 사용하고 물건을 만드는 능력을 가지고 있다. 그리고 물건만들기(생산) 기술은 수렵사회, 농경사회, 공업사회, 정보화사회로 사회가 바뀌는 동안 끈임없이 변화 발전해 왔다. 특히 40년대말 50년대 초에 걸쳐 개발된 컴퓨터, NC(수치제어)기 술과 70년대에 개발된 마이크로프로세서 기술은 그후의 생산기술을 획기적으로 변화시키고 말았다. 즉 설계, 가공, 조립, 검사, 보관 등 생산에 필요한 요소가능을 자동화시키고, 나아가 이들을 연결 통합하여 CAC/CAM, FMC, FMS와 같은 고도의 자동화 생산시스템이 가능하게 하였다. 그 결과 인간은 재이없고 지루한 단순 반복 작업에서 해방되어, 자동화 시스템을 프로그래밍 또는 관리. 통제하는 지적작업에 전념하게 되었고, 고품질에 싼 제품이 생산되게 되었다. 더나아서 최근에는 생산 시스템에 지능을 부여한 IMS(Intelligent Manufacturing System:지능형 생산 시스템)를 실현하고자 하는 국제 공동연구가 추진되기에 이르렀다. 이 글에서는 IMS의 모습을 잠시 살펴본 뒤 그 핵심기술의 하나인 지능형 CAM의 모습과 실현방법에 대해서 알아 보도록 한다.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.53-62
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• 2002

Due to the industrial development some scholars insist that homo sapiens has become a new race--homo sedens. Since this great degree of behavioral change often cause problems in the spinal column, the appropriate sitting became critical. The nineteenth-century idea of sitting upright position is not considered as a proper sitting any longer. Recent studies by such psychological scientists as A. C. Mandal, Ernest McCormick, and Karl Kroemer show that the spinal column in s-curve with forward bends should be efficiently supported in that manner. Designing a chair sometimes focuses on aesthetic points rather than true ergonomic considerations. Therefore, these result in deleterious effects on human bodies such as lordosis and kyphosis. In fact, it has been overlooked due to the lack of technical and scientific supports. Also, in a mass production, it is hard to meet everyone's need. However, the well adapted ergonomic considerations should meet the needs for wide ranges of people. Indeed, in this study we will examine designing chairs in ergonomic perspectives and suggest additional controversial points and alternatives.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 1990

The first well-preserved an immature fossil skeleton of Pleistocene age in South Korea was found at the quarry of Hungsu cave which consists of the Turubong Cave Complex, Ch'ongwon, Korea. This fossil remain has been designated as "Hungsu Cave Child". Associated with the individual were a small number of stone artifacts. While a precise date for this site is not available yet, the presence of fauna would suggest a warm period of an Upper Pleistocene date. Metric and non-metric methods are used for the description of the Hungsu child's skeleton. This fossil has been assigned a developmental age of 5 years, but can be considered to be the range of 4 to 6 years. Estimated cranial capacity ranged from 1,260 to 1,300 CC and the estimated stature from 110 to 120cm. The Hungsu child is differentiated by the superiority in size of skull, cranial length and height, and, most significantly, its greater parietal arc. On the basis of comparison of the total cranical characteristics of Hungsu child and other samples including hominid fossils and modern man of East Asia, it is assumed that Hungsu child can currently, be classified as "an anatomically modern man or anatomically Homo sapiens". Homo sapiens".uot;.

• Mycobiology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.171-176
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• 2000

We have cloned a ${\alpha}-COP$ homolog, ancop, from Aspergillus nidulans by colony hybridization of chromosome specific library using ${\alpha}-COP$ homologous fragment as a probe. The probe DNA was amplified with degenerated primers designed by comparison of conserved region of the amino acid sequences of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ${\alpha}-COP$, Homo sapiens HEP-COP, and Drosophila melanogaster ${\alpha}-COP$. Full length cDNA clone was also amplified by RT-PCR. Comparison of genomic DNA sequence with cDNA sequence obtained by RT-PCR revealed 7 introns. Amino acid sequence similarity search of the anCop with other ${\alpha}-COPs$ gave an overall identity of 52% with S. cerevisiae, 47% with human and bovine, 45% with Drosophila and Arabidopsis. In upstream region from the transcription start site, a putative TATA and CAAT motif were also identified.

• Interdisciplinary Bio Central
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.6.1-6.7
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• 2013

Many insects such as mosquitoes cause life-threatening diseases such as malaria, yellow fever and West Nile virus. Malaria alone infects 500 million people annually and causes 1-3 million death per year. Volatile insect repellents, which are detected through the sense of smell, have long been used to protect humans against insect pests. Antifeed-ants are non-volatile aversive compounds that are detected through the sense of taste and prevent insects from feeding on plants. The molecular targets and signaling path-ways required for sensing insect repellents and antifeedants are poorly understood. Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) Ca2+-permeable cation channels exist in organisms ranging from C. elegans to D. melanogaster and Homo sapiens. Drosophila has 13 family members, which mainly function in sensory physiology such as vision, thermotaxis and chemotaxis. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) initiate olfactory signaling cascades in mammals and in nematodes C.elegans. However, the mechanisms of G protein signaling cascades in insect chemosensation are controversial. In this review, I will discuss the putative roles of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels as targets for insect repellents.