• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
• /
• v.25 no.5
• /
• pp.57-62
• /
• 2021

Gas is an energy source widely used in general households and industrial sites, and is also a process material widely used in petrochemical and semiconductor processes. However, while it is easy to use, it can cause large-scale human damage due to leakage, explosion, and human inhalation. Therefore, a gas facility safety management solution that can be safely used at home and industrial sites is essential. In particular, the need to develop advanced gas safety solutions is emerging as gas facilities are aging. In this paper, a technology was developed to measure the presence and concentration of gas leaks from a distance by irradiating photons, the minimum energy unit that can no longer be divided into gas facilities, and analyzing the number of reflected photons. This overcomes technical limitations such as short detection distance and inability to detect fine leaks, which are the limitations of conventional electric/chemical gas sensors or infrared-based gas leak detectors.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.51 no.4
• /
• pp.1109-1116
• /
• 2019

It is essential to predict the radioactivity distribution around the reactor cooling system (RCS) during obligatory cyclic operation of AP-1000. A home-developed program CPA-AP1000 is upgraded to predict the response of activated corrosion products (ACPs) in the RCS. The program is written in MATLAB and it uses state of the art MCNP as a subroutine for flux calculations. A pair of cyclic power profiles were superimposed after initial full power operation. The effect of cyclic operation is noticed to be more prominent for in-core surfaces, followed by the primary coolant and out-of-core structures. The results have shown that specific activity trends of $^{56}Mn$ and $^{24}Na$ promptly follow the power variations, whereas, $^{59}Fe$, $^{58}Co$, $^{99}Mo$ and $^{60}Co$ exhibit a sluggish power-following response. The investigations pointed out that promptly power-following response of ACPs in the coolant is vital as an instant radioactivity source during leakage incidents. However, the ACPs with delayed power-following response in the out-of-core components are perceived to cause a long-term activity. The present results are found in good agreement with those for a reference PWR. The results are useful for source term monitoring and optimization of work procedures for an innovative reactor design.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.139-143
• /
• 2019

Measurement of flow rate is required in various fields. Water meters are often used at home, and flow meters are used in water and sewage plants, petrochemical industries and so on.. A system is needed to monitor the flow rate in real time and notify immediately when flow rate is abnormal. Recently, with the development of the IoT it is possible to construct such devices at low cost. WeMos can be programmed with Arduino IDE as a mini wifii IoT module. The flow sensor can output a digital pulse proportional to the flow rate. In this paper, we developed the flow monitoring and warning system using WeMos and IoT technology. When the system operates, it calculates the flow rate, sends the value as JSON format to the server, monitors the flow rate as graph from the remote with the smartphone. We also implement the system to promptly send alert message to the smart phone using Pushbullet when the flow rate is abnormal.

• Human Ecology Research
• /
• v.56 no.6
• /
• pp.541-553
• /
• 2018

This study examined the influences of infants' age for the first use of smart devices and the amount of time to use them on the externalizing problem behavior as well as investigated whether maternal managing behavior (setting rules on accessing smart devices and monitoring their child's use of smart devices) had moderating effects. The study participants consisted of 521 three to six year old infants (235 boys and 286 girls). The data were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics and a hierarchical regression. The results of this study indicated that the age at first use of smart devices and maternal managing behavior had significant effects on the externalizing problem behavior of infants. The earlier the infants first used smart devices, the higher the level of externalizing problem behavior. Externalizing problem behavior was also found to be higher when the mothers showed no managing behavior. Second, maternal managing behavior moderated the relation between the age at first use of smart devices and the externalizing problem behavior of infants. The effects of the age at first use of smart devices on the externalizing problem behavior of infants were greater when the mothers did not set rules regarding the use of smart devices and did not supervise children when using smart devices.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.21 no.5
• /
• pp.11-21
• /
• 2021

The purpose of this study is to explore and analyze how the Covid-19 pandemic has affected the reporting practices and news production of the reporters working with Korean media over the past one year. To this end, this study has conducted in-depth interviews with reporters working with daily newspapers, news agencies, and broadcasting companies. The analysis of the interviews resulted in the following generalizations. The reporters are working at home, which was never experienced before the Covid-19 pandemic, and they have difficulties in covering their reporting beats because they have little or no access to contact points. The reporters rely heavily on indirect coverage and online briefings via phones or SNS because they have difficulties in meeting news sources in person. As a result, the diversity of news contents and the media's on-site monitoring functions has been severely weakened. In addition, the reporters have no chances to both exchange ideas with fellow reporters and to transfer the know-how of collecting news items to their juniors. This paper has also discussed the disruption of practices that the ongoing Covid-19 has brought to the media ecosystem from a variety of perspectives.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.795-805
• /
• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine the recently rising number of foreign drug offenders in Korea and suggest improvement measures for the Korean drug policy. Method: This paper analyzed the preceding research, statistical data, etc., on related fields and referred to overseas cases to suggest improvement measures. Result: The foreign population living in Korea increased in 2000s, and the foreign drug offender cases are increasing accordingly. The survey on foreign drug offenses showed that the case of foreign drug offender is higher than the case of Korean drug offenders by 1.2 to 3.3 times. In 2021, the foreign drug offender cases increased by 6.5 times compared to 2012. Especially, the number of psychoactive drug-related drug offenses increased dramatically. The drug smuggling also remarkably increased starting from 2016 as some people earned a lot of money from smuggling the drugs Conclusion: To cope with the foreign drug offenders effectively, this paper suggested intensive monitoring of the foreign drug offenders and weighting on the drug offenders depending on their home country to intensify the entry standards on foreigners who are likely to smuggle drugs.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.36 no.3
• /
• pp.264-270
• /
• 2021

In this study we investigated the elution level of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), antimony (Sb), germanium (Ge), aluminum (Al) and hexavalent chromium (Cr⁶⁺) from 69 home-cooking utensils into a food stimulants. The results of migration testing according to the Korea standards and specifications for utensils, containers and packages showed values the allowable migrantion limits. Al was detected in all 7 utensil materials with the average concentration ranging from 0.002-5.989 mg/L. According to the migration conditions for (180℃, 30 min), the average concentration of Al in paper was 7.2 times higher than 25℃, 10 min (P<0.05). The results of migration testing at 180℃, 30 min were also below the allowable migrantion limits. When comparing with the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) of Al, the estimated weekly intakes (EWI) accounted for 0.000-0.045% for Al.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.51 no.9
• /
• pp.992-997
• /
• 2008

Purpose : Hypertension (HTN) is no longer an exclusively adult disease; the prevalence of pediatric HTN is increasing. To understand the evaluation and treatment of childhood HTN in Korea, we investigated, via a questionnaire, how hypertensive children are currently assessed and managed by pediatric cardiologists (CA) and nephrologists (NE). Methods : We surveyed 82 pediatric CA and 77 NE, regarding how they manage hypertensive children in Korea. Results : A total 75 replies were received to our questionnaire request (response rate: 47.15%). Routine blood pressure (BP) checks were more frequently performed by NE (CA: 5.7%, NE: 25%, P=0.03), but most respondents (86%) did not check BP routinely. Mercury sphygmomanometers were the most commonly used devices and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was not frequently used. The goal BP in treated patients was set at the 95th percentile by 61% of respondents. NE used a lower BP goal in hypertensive children with renal disease (CA: 24%, NE: 64%, P=0.004) or DM (CA: 12.5%, NE: 50%, P=0.003). Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors were the most commonly used agents (mean: 59%); following ACE inhibitors, CA preferred diuretics for hypertensive children with renal disease or cardiovascular disease, and NE preferred calcium channel blockers, regardless of underlying disease. Self-monitoring was the most frequent method for BP monitoring at home. Conclusion : In Korea, BP measurement is not yet a routine examination in treating hypertension. There are some differences in management strategies vis-$\grave{a}$-vis hypertension, between pediatric cardiologists and nephrologists. For the appropriate management and prevention of secondary disease in long-term studies, standard guidelines and education are needed for pediatricians.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.143-155
• /
• 2011

Lately electronic tagging policy for the sexual offenders was introduced in order to reduce and prevent sexual offences. However, most sexual offences against children happening these days are committed by the tagged offenders whose identities have been released. So, for the crime prevention, we need measures with which we could minimize the suffers more promptly and actively. This paper suggests a new system to relieve the sexual abuse related anxiety of the children and solve the problems that electronic bracelet has. Existing bracelets are only worn by serious criminals, and it's only for risk management and positioning, there is no way to protect the children who are the potential victims of sexual abuse and there actually happened some cases. So we suggest also letting the students(children) wear the LBS(Location Based Service) and USN(Ubiquitous Sensor Network) technology based electronic bracelets to monitor and figure out dangerous situations intelligently, so that we could prevent sexual offences against children beforehand, and while a crime is happening, we could judge the situation of the crime intelligently and take swift action to minimize the suffer. And by checking students' attendance and position, guardians could know where their children are in real time and could protect the children from not only sexual offences but also violent crimes against children like kidnapping. The overall system is like follows : RFID Tag for children monitors the approach of offenders. While an offender's RFID tag is approaching, it will transmit the situation and position as the first warning message to the control center and the guardians. When the offender is going far away, it turns to monitoring mode, and if the tag of the child or the offender is taken off or the child and offender stay at one position for 3~5 minutes or longer, then it will consider this as a dangerous situation, then transmit the emergency situations and position as the second warning message to the control center and the guardians, and ask for the dispatch of police to prevent the crime at the initial stage. The RFID module of criminals' electronic bracelets is RFID TAG, and the RFID module for the children is RFID receiver(reader), so wherever the offenders are, if an offender is at a place within 20m from a child, RFID module for children will transmit the situation every certain periods to the control center by the automatic response of the receiver. As for the positioning module, outdoors GPS or mobile communications module(CELL module)is used and UWB, WI-FI based module is used indoors. The sensor is set under the purpose of making it possible to measure the position coordinates even indoors, so that one could send his real time situation and position to the server of central control center. By using the RFID electronic roll book system of educational institutions and safety system installed at home, children's position and situation can be checked. When the child leaves for school, attendance can be checked through the electronic roll book, and when school is over the information is sent to the guardians. And using RFID access control turnstiles installed at the apartment or entrance of the house, the arrival of the children could be checked and the information is transmitted to the guardians. If the student is absent or didn't arrive at home, the information of the child is sent to the central control center from the electronic roll book or access control turnstiles, and look for the position of the child's electronic bracelet using GPS or mobile communications module, then send the information to the guardians and teacher so that they could report to the police immediately if necessary. Central management and control system is built under the purpose of monitoring dangerous situations and guardians' checking. It saves the warning and pattern data to figure out the areas with dangerous situation, and could help introduce crime prevention systems like CCTV with the highest priority. And by DB establishment personal data could be saved, the frequency of first and second warnings made, the terminal ID of the specific child and offender, warning made position, situation (like approaching, taken off of the electronic bracelet, same position for a certain time) and so on could be recorded, and the data is going to be used for preventing crimes. Even though we've already introduced electronic tagging to prevent recurrence of child sexual offences, but the crimes continuously occur. So I suggest this system to prevent crimes beforehand concerning the children's safety. If we make electronic bracelets easy to use and carry, and set the price reasonably so that many children can use, then lots of criminals could be prevented and we can protect the children easily. By preventing criminals before happening, it is going to be a helpful system for our safe life.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.109-131
• /
• 2010

Investment Agreement is to be a part of FTA, as negotiating together both trade and investment. For example, it has a separate chapter about investment in KORUS FTA contract and is more detailed and inclusive than BIT contents which are traditional investment provisions. It is called to the investment norm of FT A. The investment agreement lures a foreign investment by providing the environment which is stable to the foreign investors. Hence, it plans in goal for the economic development of the home country. In international investment, the arbitration award cases are coming out to be divided into two parts applying MFN provisions in investor protective principles and dispute resolution process; the tendency of broad interpretation and the tendency of limited interpretation. In the case of RosInvest Co UK Ltd v. the Russian Federation awarded in 2007, the arbitration tribunal interprets that the application scope of MFN provisions contain the more lucrative dispute provision than other BITs without limitations in entity right of the investor. This judgment is the same view as arbitration tribunal position of Maffezini case. The arbitration tribunal of Plama case has kept out an assertion magnifying the arbitration tribunal's jurisdiction. That is, for applying more inclusive investor-nation resolution method from different treaty, tribunal mentioned that MFN provision had to see clearly a point of applying the investor-nation dispute resolution method. Dispute resolution process providing inclusive MFN provision has both the tendency of broad interpretation and the tendency of limited interpretation. It needs ceaselessly to do the monitoring about cases of arbitration award. In conclusion, the point where MFN provisions are applied conclusively is recognized, but it is still controversial whether or not to magnify the jurisdiction of arbitration tribunal applying MFN provisions. Therefore, it does not exist clear principle in the theory or in the award eases about the application scope for entity protection provision of MFN. Hence, The Korean government of Korea and local autonomous entities needs to keep their eyes on the trend of the international arbitration award cases in relation to the investment dispute for the future. Also, Korean government or local self-governing group must consider MFN provisions when they make a contract of international investment treaty such as writing concretely the application of MFN provisions from KORUS FTA.