• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.310-314
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• 2023

In this paper, we show that the limitations of Holter monitoring and Wearable Electrocardiogarphy Devices and their arrhythmia detection. Sudden death caused by cardiovascular disease, often referred to as the "silent killer" due to its unpredictable nature, is a major health concern. Electrocardiography (ECG) is a basic diagnostic tool for detecting heart disease, but its limitations make it difficult to detect arrhythmia, a significant indicator of an irregular heart state. To address this limitation, a long-term continuous ECG recording device has been developed, Holter ECG device and wearable device. A significant number of studies have focused on the differences between Holter monitoring and wearable devices. The Holter tests were useful for detecting regularly occurring arrhythmias, whereas wearable patches were better at detecting random and infrequent arrhythmias. Wearable patches were effective in detecting episodes of arrhythmia and myocardial ischemia. Despite the concern, wearable devices had less signal loss than Holter monitoring and patients also preferred wearable devices over Holter monitoring due to convenience. These results could mean that the wearable devices can perfectly replace the Holter test.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.128-132
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• 2011

Holter monitoring has been recognized as an useful noninvasive instrument for monitoring the cardiac electrical activity over 24 to 48 hours. Because the surface electrocardiogram (ECG) is recorded only for several seconds to minutes, it often misses or underestimates the underlying arrhythmia. The surface ECG is also easily influenced by depolarization potentials from skeletal muscle by the movement of patient (especially muscle tremor). However, holter monitoring is less affected by such factors. There has been no precedential report in veterinary medicine applying digital holter monitor with unipolar precordial chest lead using 4 electrodes. This article describes its clinical indications, equipment and technical application method in dogs.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.205-212
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• 2024

Background: Postoperative atrial fibrillation (A-fib) is a serious complication of cardiac surgery that is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Traditional 24-hour Holter monitors have limitations, which have prompted the development of innovative wearable electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring devices. This study assessed a patch-type wearable ECG device (MobiCARE-MC100) for monitoring A-fib in patients undergoing cardiac surgery and compared it with 24-hour Holter ECG monitoring. Methods: This was a single-center, prospective, investigator-initiated cohort study that included 39 patients who underwent cardiac surgery between July 2021 and June 2022. Patients underwent simultaneous monitoring with both conventional Holter and patchtype ECG devices for 24 hours. The Holter device was then removed, and patch-type monitoring continued for an additional 48 hours, to determine whether extended monitoring provided benefits in the detection of A-fib. Results: This 72-hour ECG monitoring study included 39 patients, with an average age of 62.2 years, comprising 29 men (74.4%) and 10 women (25.6%). In the initial 24 hours, both monitoring techniques identified the same number of paroxysmal A-fib in 7 out of 39 patients. After 24 hours of monitoring, during the additional 48-hour assessment using the patch-type ECG device, an increase in A-fib burden (9%→38%) was observed in 1 patient. Most patients reported no significant discomfort while using the MobiCARE device. Conclusion: In patients who underwent cardiac surgery, the mobiCARE device demonstrated diagnostic accuracy comparable to that of the conventional Holter monitoring system.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.85-89
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• 2008

This study is to investigate cardiotonic effect of acupuncture on heart rate variability(HRV) analyzed by a nonlinear way(DFA, Detrended Fluctuation Analysis). It was designed as a randomized, single-blind, waiting list-controlled, cross-over study. We assessed heart rate and R-R intervals in Circadian electrocardiography with a Holter monitoring device for twelve hospitalized participants. The compatible analytical program, Zymed, was used for generating the signals of R-R intervals from 24 hour-ECG. In DFA analysis, we produced DFA alpha 1, alpha 2 parameters according to the process of Cygwin module of Linux server. We tested if there was any difference between HRV parameters using SPSS, a statistical package. There was no difference between acupuncture and no treatment group in DFA alpha 2 parameter {95% Confidence Interval (-)0.058 - 0.037, P = .565}. Two group all showed large intra-individual variations. Consequently, acupuncture treatment did not modulate the complexity of HRV in a DFA analysis. This study can be a rationale for acupuncture's properties on cardiovascular and autonomic systems.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.530-532
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• 2007

This paper presents a simple method to implement a complete on-line portable wireless holter including an electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring, processing, and communication protocol. The proposed algorithm significantly reduces the hardware resources of threshold estimation for ECG compression, using the standard deviation updated with each new input signal sample. The new method achieves superior performance in terms of hardware complexity, channel occupation and memory requirements, while keeping the ECG quality at a clinically acceptable level.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.251-260
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• 1998

The Holter monitoring system is a widely used noninvasive diagnostic tool for ambulatory patient who may be at risk from latent life-threatening cardiac abnormalities. In this paper, we design a high performance intelligent holter monitoring system which is characterized by the small-sized and the low-power consumption. The system hardware consists of one-chip microcontroller(68HC11E9), ECG preprocessing circuit, and flash memory card. ECG preprocessing circuit is made of ECG preamplifier with gain of 250, 500 and 1000, the bandpass filter with bandwidth of 0.05-100Hz, the auto-balancing circuit and the saturation-calibrating circuit to eliminate baseline wandering, ECG signal sampled at 240 samples/sec is converted to the digital signal. We use a linear recursive filter and preprocessing algorithm to detect the ECG parameters which are QRS complex, and Q-R-T points, ST-level, HR, QT interval. The long-term acquired ECG signals and diagnostic parameters are compressed by the MFan(Modified Fan) and the delta modulation method. To easily interface with the PC based analyzer program which is operated in DOS and Windows, the compressed data, that are compatible to FFS(flash file system) format, are stored at the flash memory card with SBF(symmetric block format).

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.62-69
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• 2022

An electrocardiogram (ECG) is one of the most important biosignals, and in particular, continuous ECG monitoring is very important in patients with arrhythmia. There are many different types of arrhythmia (sinus node, sinus tachycardia, atrial premature beat (APB), and ventricular fibrillation) depending on the cause, and continuous ECG monitoring during daily life is very important for early diagnosis of arrhythmias and setting treatment directions. The ECG signal of arrhythmia patients is very unstable, and it is difficult to detect the R-peak point, which is a key feature for automatic arrhythmias detection. In this study, we develped a continuous measuring Holter ECG monitoring device and software for analysis and confirmed the utility of R-peak of the ECG signal with MIT-BIH arrhythmia database. In future studies, it needs the validation of algorithms and clinical data for morphological classification and prediction of arrhythmias due to various etiologies.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Veterinary Clinics Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.141-141
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• 2006

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2014

Background: Recently, a hybrid surgical-electrophysiological (EP) approach for confirming ablation lines in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) was suggested. The aim of this approach was to overcome the limitations of current surgery- and catheter-based techniques to yield better outcomes. Methods: Ten consecutive patients with AF underwent total thoracoscopic ablation (TTA) following transvenous catheter EP ablation (residual gap and cavotricuspid isthmus [CTI] ablation). Holter monitoring was performed 6 months postoperatively. Results: Ten patients (90% with persistent AF) underwent successful hybrid procedures, and there was no in-hospital mortality. An EP study was performed in 8 patients and showed that successful antral ablation in all pulmonary veins was achieved in 7 of them. The median follow-up duration was 7.63 months (range, 6.7 to 11.6 months). Nine patients underwent Holter monitoring 6 months postoperatively, and the results indicated an underlying sinus rhythm without AF, atrial flutter, or atrial tachycardia lasting more than 30 seconds in all of the patients. There was no recurrence of AF during follow-up. Conclusion: A hybrid approach that consists of TTA followed by transvenous catheter EP ablation (residual gap and CTI ablation) yielded excellent outcomes in our patient population. A hybrid approach should be considered in patients with a high risk of AF recurrence.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1986.07a
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• pp.192-197
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• 1986

The device that we are developing is a microprocessor-based, portable arrhythmia monitor that ultimately will need processing algorithm similar to those found now in monitoring systems in the cardiac care unit of today's hospital. Our initial goal is to replace the functions of the Holter tape recorder, the current device of choice for determining if an ambulatory patient has potential heart disease.