• 대한핵의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한핵의학회 1995년도 제34차 춘계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.201-201
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• 1995

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제33권7호
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• pp.2229-2237
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• 2012

The two chelates based on calix[4]arene and thiacalix[4]arene have been synthesized and used as neutral ionophores for preparing PVC based membrane sensor selective to $Ho^{3+}$ ion. The addition of potassium tetrakis(4-chlorophenyl)borate (KTpClPB) and various plasticizers, viz., NDPE, o-NPOE, DOP, TEP and DOS have been found to improve significantly the performance of the sensors. The best performance was obtained with the sensor no. 6 having membrane of $L_2$ with composition (w/w) ionophore (2%): KTpClPB (4%): PVC (37%): NDPE (57%). This sensor exhibits Nernatian response with slope $21.10{\pm}0.3mV/decade$ of activity in the concentration range $3.0{\times}10^{-8}-1.0{\times}10^{-2}M\;Ho^{3+}\;ion$, with a detection limit of $1.0{\times}10^{-8}M$. The proposed sensor performs satisfactorily over a wide pH range of 2.8-10, with a fast response time (5 s). The sensor was also found to work successfully in partially non-aqueous media up to 25% (v/v) content of methanol, ethanol and acetonitrile, and can be used for a period of 4 months without any significant drift in potential. The electrode was also used for the determination of $Ho^{3+}$ ions in synthetic mixtures of different ions and the determination of the arsenate ion in different water samples.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.100-105
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• 1997

DW-166HC ($^{166}$Holmium-chitosan) is a complex of $^{166}$Ho, $\beta$- and $\gamma$-ray emitter, and chitosan, a polymer of glucosamine, with radiotherapeutic potential. The current study was performed to determine the acute toxicities of $^{165}$Ho-chitosan in mice by two different routes of administration. The both sex mice were given a single intravenous bolus injection of $^{165}$Ho-chitosan complex at doses of 12, 10, 6, 5 and 4 mg/kg or subcutaneous administration at doses of 600, 500, 400 and 300 mg/kg. Chitosan was dosed to control animals as 16 and 800 mg/kg, intravenously and subcutaneously, respectively. The doses of $_{165}$Ho-chitosan complex were expressed as $_{165}$holmium nitrate pentahydrate and the ratio of $^{165}$Ho$(NO_3)_3$).$5H_2O$ to chitosan was 3/4 Severe convulsion and respiratory failure were followed by death within 10 min after intravenous dosing. Transient unilateral hindlimb hypokinesias were found in two mice of 5 mg/kg dosing group during the study period. No abnormalities were observed during the necropsy of survived animals in intravenous dosing group. Only one male animal was found dead in 500 mg/kg subcutaneously dosed group. Alopecia with or without cutaneous ulcer were found in most mice including control animals. During necropsy, omental adhesion was observed in all dose ranges and enlarged spleen was found in several animals including control group. It is suggested that the acute intravenous >).$LD_{50}s$ for male and female mice were 4.90 and 6.03 mg/kg, respectively. The lowest lethal dose in male was 500 mg/kg by subcutaneous administration.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-1
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• pp.54-55
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• 2003

Radiation therapy has been used for the cancer treatment externally or internally. The external radiation therapy has been widely used, but for the lack of its selectivity it requires strong radiation dose causing the dermal irritation and radiation effect of the normal tissues or organs. So we investigate non-clinical and clinical studies of “Milican inj.”, in which chitosan is chelated with 166-Holmium, as an anticancer agent for internal radiation therapy. (omitted)

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.594-601
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• 2014

Rare-earth (RE) nitrides can be used as magnetocaloric materials in low temperature. They exhibit ferromagnetism and have Curie temperature in the region from 6 to 70 K. In this study, Holmium nitride (HoN) nano particles were prepared through plasma arc discharge technique and their magnetocaloric properties were studied. Nitrogen gas ($N_2$) was employed as an active element for arc discharge between two electrodes maintained at a constant current. Also, it played an important role not only as a reducing agent but also as an inevitable source of excited nitrogen molecules and nitrogen ions for the formation of HoN phase. Partial pressure of $N_2$ was systematically varied from 0 to 28,000 Pa in order to obtain single phase of HoN with minimal impurities. Magnetic entropy change (${\Delta}S_m$) was calculated with data set measured by PPMS (Physical Property Measurement System). The as-synthesized HoN particles have shown a magnetic entropy change ${\Delta}S_m$) of 27.5 J/kgK in applied field of 50,000 Oe at 14.2 K thereby demonstrating its ability to be applied as an effective magnetic refrigerant towards the re-liquefaction of hydrogen.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.4281-4288
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• 2016

Background: Traditional meta-analyses or systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been used to compare laser surgeries and transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) for benign prostate hyperplasia (BHP), but they cannot provide a hierarchy regarding efficacy and safety of treatment. Objective: We therefore performed a network meta-analysis (NMA) to compare and create hierarchies for efficacy and safety of TUPR and laser surgeries for BPH. Materials and Methods: We searched for reports of RCTs published up to April 25, 2015. After methodological quality assessment and data extraction, we performed an NMA to compare TURP and laser surgeries for BPH. Results: We ranked the treatments of TURP and laser surgeries for BPH. For IPSS at 6 months, holmium laser resection of the prostate (HoLRP) ranked the first-best and at 12 months, holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP). For Qmax at 6 and 12 months, HoLEP ranked the first-best; for operative time it was TURP; for cathedral removal time, diode laser enucleation of the prostate (DiLEP) ranked the first-best. Conclusions: Although TURP is considered the gold standard for treating BPH, it is not better in terms of efficacy and safety compared with the laser surgery. Our NMA created hierarchies for the 9 types of surgery in terms of efficacy and safety, which should help clinicians choose the best approach for the individual patient.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.231-237
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• 1984

$YO_{1.5+x}$와 $HoO_{1.5+x}$로 표시되는 산화이트륨과 산화홀뮴의 비화학양론적 조성식의 x-값을 700$^{\circ}$C에서 1000$^{\circ}$C까지의 온도영역과 대기압에서 $1{\times}10^{-6}$기압 산소압력까지의 구간에서 중량 분석법에 의하여 측정하였다. 측정된 x-값은 온도가 상승하면 증가하고 산소압력이 증가하면 또한 증가하였다. 비화학양론적 조성의 생성엔탈피 $({\Delta}H_f)$는 산소압력이 감소하면 감소하였고 그 값이 양의 값을 갖는 것으로 과잉산소의 형성 과정이 흡열과정임을 알 수 있다. 산소압력 의존성 1/n-값은 온도가 상승하면 상승하고 양의 값을 갖는 것으로 높은 온도일수록 산소압력 의존성이 커짐을 보여 주었다. 그리고 x-값과 열역학적 자료로 부터 비화학양론적 결합과 전도성메카니즘을 규명하였다.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.80-89
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• 1999

The ion exchange resins have been synthesized from chlormethyl styrene-1,4-divinyl benzene(DVB) with 1%, 5%, and 10%-crosslinking and macrocyclic ligand of cryptand type by copolymerization method and the adsorption characteristics of uranium(VI), lead(II) and holmium(III) ions have been investigated in various experimental conditions. The correlation between the adsorption characteristics of rare earths and transition metal on the resins and stability constants of complexes with macrocyclic ligand have been examined. The $UO_2^{2+}$ aqueous solutions are not adsorbed on the resins below pH 3.0, but the power of adsorption of $UO_2^{2+}$ increased rapidly above pH 4.0. The adsorption power was in the order of 1%, 10%, and 5%-crosslinked resin, but adsorptive characteristics of resins decreased in proportion to the order of dielectric constants of solvents.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.1841-1844
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• 2014

• 대한핵의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한핵의학회 1999년도 제38차 춘계학술대회
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• pp.200-204
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• 1999

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is o chronic inflammatory disease of joints with proliferation of synovial epithelial tissue. Therapeutic approach of the RA consists of pharmacological and surgical interventions. Synovectomy is indicated in patients with progressive inflammatory signs and symptoms intractable to medical treatment including local intracavitary steroid injection. Recently, local injection of radionuclides which emit high energy beta rays are labeled with chemical compounds such as $^{90}Y,\;^{165}Dy-ferric$ hydroxide macroaggregate and have been introduced as an alternative therapeutic modality to surgical synovectomy. Holmium-166 is one of beta emitter and Ho-166-chitosan complex was developed for radiation synovectomy. Preclinical trial is on-going at our hospital using Ho-166-chitosan. The procedure and methods of preclinical trial are discussed.