• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.63-72
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is that investigated the characteristics of integral planning related factors using the history and culture of Mojiko. It is a small city that has been urbanized after the opening of the port for logistics transportation in the modern period of Japan. As the function of the logistics city, which is the factor of the expansion of the town, declined, Mojiko applied the retro concept to the harbor which has lost its popularity due to the regional characteristics of the city to increase and revitalize local visits. Mojiko has steadily promoted the retro style of landscape and town development over 30 years, focusing on 18 Historical buildings and modern infrastructure. We analyzed characteristics of integrated urban planning include the regulation, landscape institution. Moreover, we suggest the result of the designation process of a core scenery maintenance district and the components of the plan after the designation analysis and provide essential data for revitalizing the field based on the historic city for the cultural establishment and beautiful town in the future. And deliver vital data to reviving the area based on the historical city culture establishment and beautiful town in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.36-45
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• 2022

This study examines the historical transition process of Hwanseonjeong Pavilion in Suncheon, identifies the landscape of the original Hwanseonjeong Pavilion in the past and its constituent elements, and compares it with the landscape of the present Hwanseonjeong Pavilion at Jukdobong area. It was intended to identify the problems and draw implications for future restoration of Hwanseonjeong Pavilion. Hwanseonjeong pavilion, the subject of this study, was built in 1543 by Tong-won Shim, the governor of Seungpyeong, as a garden architecture for government. Since then, it has been renovated several times, and as a pavilion representing "Seonhyang(immotal world)" Suncheon in the past, it was located along with an artificially created lake and other elements of the garden at a location where can be seen Dongcheon stream and Jukdobong Peak on the opposite side at a glance. Hwanseonjeong pavilion, which had been safely maintained during the Japanese colonial period, was lost on August 28, 1968 due to a major flood in Suncheon. The difference between Hwanseonjeong Pavilion and other lost is that another Hwanseonjeong Pavilion for the role of archery was built on Jukdobong Peak in 1935, before it was destroyed. The restoration case of Hwanseonjeong pavilion provides the following important implications for the restoration of pavilions as a garden architecture: First, the value of a pavilion is not formed from the building itself, but from the relationship with the surrounding landscape. Therefore, restoration of a pavilion should not be approached in the same way as restoration of buildings. Restoration of a pavilion requires efforts to understand the existing landscape value and to restore landscape elements together with buildings. Second, an artificially created long north-south lake along with Hwanseonjeong pavilion was a very important landscape component and a means of providing a way to enjoy the landscape. For restoration in the cultural context of Hwanseonjeong pavilion, efforts are also required to restore not only the architecture, but also the experience of cultural activities through an integrated examination and restoration based on an understanding of the cultural activities performed in Hwanseonjeong Pavilion. Third, compared to the past original Hwanseonjeong Pavilion, the existing Hwanseonjeong Pavilion shows a different shape, composition, scale, color, etc. In terms of the restoration of buildings, it is thought that restoration will be possible only when restoration is done through more accurate historical evidence, research, and investigation.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.14 no.2 s.42
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• pp.89-101
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• 2005

The bricks in Myung Dong Cathedral Church are now deteriorated by the weather such as temperature, humidity, and winds. Thus it is necessary to replace the old bricks to the restored bricks for the load bearing capacity as well as to prevent the penetrations of rains from outside. However the mortar composition is not well defined at this moment and there are literary about the mortar completions. Thus it is necessary to verify the mortar compactions between old bricks and results to bring the restoring the mortar for the replace of new bricks. The particles of mortar was collected from Myung Dong Cathedral Church and particle size was analyzed by the mortar and pestle and mechanicle floater. The X-ray diffraction and XRF of each particles are analyzed. The quartz and feldspar such as albite, kaolinite are observed in large particles(>1mm). However, the clicite was observed at lower than $43{\mu}m$ particles. In XRF analysis, the $SiO_2\;and\;K_2O$ are observed at large particles$(1mm-208{\mu}m)\;and\;CaCO_3$ is observed at small particles$(208-43{\mu}m)\;and\;CaCO_3$ is observed at small particles($208-43{\mu}m$). This is well coincide with XRD results. The optimum volume ratio of lime mortar would be 1: 2 ($CaO: SiO_2$).

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.616-629
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• 2016

This study aims to analyze a creative city development case of the Nantes City in France focused on vitalizing creativity by urban regeneration and to get some policy implications through reflecting on process, governance and performance of the Nantes case. The Nantes City tried to overcome its regional economic depression caused by closing shipyard through its creative city program. The Nantes creative city program has been maintained for 20 years, which succeeded in both transforming economic structure of the Nantes city and improving the image of it. As a result, the Nantes city is regarded as a best city for living in France. It established own city model by participating in European projects, referring to cases of other cities and adopting specialists' views. In the process of creative city, the Nantes distinguished itself from other cities in sizes and circumstances and devoted itself to interactions between the city and culture projects, focused on clear objectives and dynamic co-works. In addition, the Nantes changed creatively buildings and spaces to regenerate deserted regions, and established some high valueadded creative industry on the basis of historic and cultural resources.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.63-79
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• 2009

Since the 1970's, UNESCO and ICOMOS have adopted or emphasized on the principles of historic preservation. One of them is what to require a repair have not to be repaired beyond the limits of the features and techniques to have been born in those days of establishment. On the premise, this paper is to examine the materials and technique of lime plaster work in order for roof ridge, and for bond paste of stones and bricks in government constructions in the late of Joseon dynasty(17~19c). The result of this examination will come up with a basic conformity in the case of repairing the building established in the late of Joseon dynasty. This paper is carried out for the proper repair and restoration of architectural cultural properties. Construction reports and other documents in those days are examined for the study. Following conclusions have been reached through the study. The components of old plaster mixtures which agglutinate stones each other were quicklime, perilla oil, and paper fiber. The components of old plaster mixtures which point joint of black bricks consisted of slaked lime, perilla oil, paper fiber, and cereal starch. These components were the same as coat surface of roof ridges. In the case of times, one of the following sand, white clay, sap of boiled elm bark was added to these components for the purpose of high efficiency. These materials and techniques which applied to plaster work of those buildings had developed in the process of making royal tombs. But these materials and techniques were quite different from the present.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.453-469
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• 2011

A one-story, wooden-frame, intermediate-bay model with Dou-Gon designed according to the Building Standards of the Song Dynasty (A.D.960-1279), was tested on a unidirectional shaking table. The main objectives of this experimental study were to investigate the seismic performance of Chinese historic wooden structure under various base input intensities. El Centro wave (N-S), Taft wave and Lanzhou wave were selected as input excitations. 27 seismic geophones were instrumented to measure the real-time displacement, velocity and acceleration respectively. Dynamic characteristics, failure mode and hysteretic energy dissipation performance of the model are analyzed. Test results indicate that the nature period and damping ratio of the model increase with the increasing magnitude of earthquake excitation. The nature period of the model is within 0.5~0.6 s, the damping ratio is 3~4%. The maximum acceleration dynamic magnification factor is less than 1 and decreases as the input seismic power increases. The frictional slippage of Dou-Gon layers (corbel brackets) between beams and plates dissipates a certain amount of seismic energy, and so does the slippage between posts and plinths. The mortise-tenon joint of the timber frame dissipates most of the seismic energy. Therefore, it plays a significant part in shock absorption and isolation.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.785-793
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• 2017

Even though the United States and Australia have a relatively short history, the preservation and reuse of their historical heritage and cultural heritage are considered to be very important. In the case of Korea, which has a long historical heritage, there is a lack of development and restoration systems and there are no clear guidelines on how to preserve and reuse these precious legacies. In this study, we examine and analyze through examples how the historic buildings have been preserved and reused in Australia and the United States, which have a shorter history than our own. Also, we suggest that the raising of awareness of the historicity associated with the existing architecture and that of the architectural environment following its full-scale reconstruction will enable them be considered historical heritages with the passing of time.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.101-115
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• 1991

A study on the method of evaluation the urban amenity structure in Pusan city was established. Finally a survey sites out of 41 regions were selected on the basis of questionnaires : Taejong-dae and Haeun-dae as a seascape, Pumosa and Daesin-park as a mountain, Daechong-park and Seongjigok-park as a mixed, and Chungryulsa, Yongdoosan-park and U. N. Cemetry as a urban type. The abstracted results of amenity elements were revealed as natural environments including convex type as beach, reservoir, valley and mountain, and plant elements including woods and flower beds which raised amenity. The elements of social surroundings including children's playing, the aged's rest, and elements of structures including historic and memorial structures and high buildings. Amenity element made up of each space by region were abstracted from the Semantic Differential method. According to the factor analysis on the ground SD scale values, Kaiser's measure of sampling adequacy for 24 variables is 08602 and very high. Four factors including pleasantness, healthiness, convenience and safety showed 54.42 percent for total variance. By means of multiple regression, the model was as follows : Y=1.6636+0.3684X4+0.1955X11+0.1614X15-0.1688X23+0.1468X24. Therefore, Y:amenity, X4:beautiful-ugly, X11:clean-dirty, X15:creative-imitative, X23:cozy-dreary, X24:free-restrained. All variables in the model were significant at 0.001 level. According to the results of regression on satisfaction, the variables of satisfaction affecting amenity are the size of green space, the condition of management and the harmony with the surroundings. I think the considerating on the above could improve amenity of each region and further Pusan city.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.180-189
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• 2004

The name of (Ban)wolseong thanks to its having a shape like a half-moon. Wolseong fortress is one of 'Gyeongju Historic Area', world heritage. The Silla kingdom's royal palace previously maintained its capital fortress at the locale of Wolseong. However its real face has been kept in mystery. This study grafts Geophysics on modern Archaeology and approaches with scientific and systematic methods to an excavation plan or archaeological study by means of GPR exploration which can complement archaeological curiosity without destroying Wolseong fortress. The exploration area is $12,000m^2$ in front of Seokbinggo(stone storage for ice). It is only $10\%$ area of Wolseong fortress. As a conclusion, GPR detected 7 of squared buildings($8{\times}8m^2$ size), stone wall, an entrance for the fortress, lots of foundation stones, road(presumptive), and a presumptive pond which size is 35${\~}$40m in diameter.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.89-106
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• 2010

Since the 1970's, UNESCO and ICOMOS have adopted or emphasized on the principles of historic preservation. One of them is what to require a repair should not be repaired beyond the limits of the features and techniques which had been adopted in those days of establishment. On the premise, this paper is to examine the materials and technique of wall plaster work in the government building constructions in the Joseon dynasty. The result of this examination shall come up with a basic conformity in the case of repairing the building established in the late of Joseon dynasty. This paper is carried out for the proper repair and restoration of architectural cultural properties. Construction reports and other documents in those days are examined for the study. Following conclusions have been reached through the study. The materials and technique which applied to wall plaster work in those days were quite different from the present. The technique that was used to wall plaster of government buildings in those days was not a lime wall plaster, but sand coat one. The kinds of material for setting of the sand coat wall plaster had been revised with the change of the times or constructions. The main kinds of material were composed of sand, white clay, paper fiber, and cereal starch. However, the present materials were composed of sand, white clay. Therefore, the present materials and technique which applied to wall plaster work for the repair and restoration of architectural cultural properties have to be revised and corrected.