• Clinical Endoscopy
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.470-478
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• 2023

Background/Aims: Metachronous recurrence incidences and risk factors following endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for gastric adenocarcinoma and dysplasias were investigated. Methods: Retrospective review of electronic medical records of patients who underwent gastric ESD at The Catholic University of Korea, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital. Results: A total of 190 subjects were enrolled for analysis during the study period. The mean age was 64.4 years and the male sex occupied 73.7%. The mean observation period following ESD was 3.45 years. The annual incidence rate of metachronous gastric neoplasms (MGN) was about 3.96%. The annual incidence rate was 5.36% for the low-grade dysplasia group, 6.47% for the high-grade dysplasia group, and 2.74% for the EGC group. MGN was more frequent in the dysplasia group than in the EGC group (p<0.05). For those with MGN development, the mean time interval from ESD to MGN was 4.1 (±1.8) years. By using the Kaplan-Meier model, the estimated mean MGN free survival time was 9.97 years (95% confidence interval, 8.53-11.40) The histological types of MGN were not related to the primary histology types. Conclusions: MGN following ESD developed in 3.96% annually and MGN was more frequent in the dysplasia group. The histological types of MGN did not correlate with those of primary neoplasm.

• 식물조직배양학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.41-46
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• 1994

시호의 어린 잎 절편으로부터 캘러스의 유도는 0.1 mg/L 2,4-D가 첨가된 MS배지에서 가장 우수하였다. 유도된 캘러스는 균일한 크기의 세포괴만을 선발하여 MS배지에 0, 0.1 mg/L, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mgh의 2,4-D를 첨가하여 7일간 배양한 다음, 세포괴를 부정근 유도를 위해 2,4-D가 제거된 MS배지에 계대배양하여 부정근의 형성과정 및 근원기 형성에 미치는 효과를 관찰하였다. 그 결과 부정근 형성은 0.1 mg/L 2,4-D를 처리후 호르몬 무처리의 배지에 옮겨주었을 때 세포괴당 평균 부정근수 5.2개로 가장 우수하였고 농도가 증가할수록 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 신장된 부정근의 길이에 있어서는 각 처리구별로 14-16 mm로 농도차에 따른 차이를 보이지 않았다. 처리시간에 따른 부정근의 형성에서는 수록 세포괴당 부정근의 수가 증가하였으며 120시간에 이르러서 최대치를 보였다. 이 결과 부정근 발생에 있어 적정농도의 2,4-D는 부정근 시원세포기 및 근원기 발생기에 민감한 영향을 미치며 근원기가 캘러스 표면밖으로 돌출되는 시기에는 저해적인 것으로 생각된다. 조직학적 기원에 있어서는 특정한 조직의 기원이 아닌 캘러스 표면 세포 및 내부세포로부터 최초 여러개의 시원세포가 형성되어, 캘러스 표면쪽으로 왕성한 반원형의 분열조직을 형성한 다음에 신장 되었다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.48-63
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• 2010

Objectives: Yonnyuniksoogobon-dan (Yan Nian Yi Shou Gu Ben Dan 延年益壽固本丹) is composed of 11 herbs (Polygoni Mutiflori Radix, Lycii Radicis Cortex, Polia, Rehmanniae Radix, Rehmanniae Radix Preparat, Asparagi Radix, Liriopis Tuber, Lycii Fructus, Acori Graminei Rhizoma, Angelicae Acutiloba Radix, and Pini Folium) based on Yonryunggobon-dan (Yan Ling Gu Ben Dan 延齡固本丹) and Yonnyuniksoobulrho-dan (Yan Nian Yi Shou Bu Lao Dan 延年益壽不老丹). This study evaluated hair growth promoting effect of Yonnyuniksoogobon-dan on the shaved C57BL/6 mice. Methods: Yonnyuniksoogobon-dan was treated by oral administration (Sample I) and oral administration plus skin application (Sample II) once a day for 12 days. Hair regrowth was photographically and histologically determined during the experimental period. Hair growth cycle related factors (EGF, TGF-${\beta}1$) and vascular factors (VEGF, iNOS) were also determined with immunohistochemistry. Results: 1. On gross observation of hair regrowth, Sample I and Sample II groups demonstrated acceleration of hair regrowth. 2. The hair regrowth index of the Sample I group increased significantly from 7 days (P<0.05) to 12 days (P<0.01) after the shave while that of the Sample II group significantly increased at 12 days (P<0.05). 3. On histological observation, both Sample I and Sample II groups demonstrated histological improvement and increases of number and diameter of the hair follicles. 4. EGF expressions on the root sheath of hair follicles were up-regulated in both Sample I and Sample II groups. 5. TGF-${\beta}1$ expressions on the root sheath of hair follicles were not regulated in Sample I or Sample II groups. 6. VEGF expressions in the surrounding tissues of hair follicles were up-regulated in both Sample I and Sample II groups. 7. iNOS expressions in the surrounding tissues of hair follicles were down-regulated in both Sample I and Sample II groups. Conclusions: These results suggest that Yonnyuniksoogobon-dan has hair growth-promoting activity and these effects relate to up-regulations of EGF and VEFG expressions and down-regulations of TGF-${\beta}1$ and iNOS expressions on hair roots.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.77-89
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• 2008

Objectives : This study evaluates the hair growth promoting effect of Yonnyuniksoogobon-dan on shaved C57BL6 mice. Methods : Yonnyuniksoogobon-dan was administered orally (Group I) and both orally and by skin application (Group II) once a day for 12 days. The experimental groups were compared to Control, which was orally administered physiological saline solution. Hair regrowth was photographically and histologically determined during the experimental period. The levels of hair growth cycle related factors (EGF, TGF-${\beta}$1) and vascular factors (VEGF, iNOS) were also determined by immunohistochemistry. On gross observation of hair growth, both Group I and Group II shaved C57BL6 mice showed accelerated hair regrowth. Results : The hair regrowth index of Group I increased significantly from 7 days (P<0.05) to 12 days (P<0.01) after shaving and that of Group II was significantly higher at 12 days (P<0.05). On histological observation, both Group I and Group II demonstrated histological improvement and increases in the number and diameter of the hair follicles. EGF expression on the root sheath of hair follicles was up-regulated in both Group I and II. TGF-${\beta}$1 expression on the root sheath of hair follicles was unchanged in both Group I and II. VEGF expression in the tissues surrounding hair follicles was up-regulated in both groups. iNOS expression in the tissues surrounding hair follicles was down-regulated in both groups. Conclusions : These results suggest that Yonnyuniksoogobon-dan promotes hair growth and this effect is related to up-regulation of EGF and VEFG expression and down-regulation of TGF-${\beta}$1 and iNOS expression on hair roots.

• 대한구강악안면임플란트학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.220-235
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• 2018

Sinus lift procedure is frequently required for the maxillary molar implant placement. Previous studies have demonstrated alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) can maintain the dimensions of ridge height and width. However, there is a lack of studies which evaluated the effect of ARP to avoid sinus lift procedure. Purpose of this study is to describe a method reducing the need of sinus lift surgery by ARP in maxillary molar areas and to assess the feasibility clinically, radiologically and histologically. Ten maxillary molars in ten patients had severe vertical bone resorption with minimal residual bone height. They were considered having the high possibility of the necessity of sinus lift procedure for dental implant after the extraction. After extraction, open healing ARP with deproteinized bovine bone mineral mixed with 10% collagen and resorbable collagen membranes was performed. After sufficient healing, dental implants were placed, and evaluated clinically and radiologically. Histological observation was conducted just before the implantation in one patient. Implants were successfully placed without sinus lift in all ten cases. All the implants were restored with no sign of complications, and patients are now in a close follow-up up to 20 months post-loading. Histological observation showed minimal inflammatory reaction and newly formed bone was substantially noted. The ARP technique has successfully avoided the sinus lift surgeries. It appears that this procedure may improve the simplicity of the clinical process for the clinicians and reduce the discomfort of patients.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.252-263
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• 1984

본(本) 실험(實驗)은 갑상선(甲狀腺)이 하수분(下垂분)의 기능(機能)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 구명(究明)코져 실시(實施)하였는 바, 25일령(日齡)의 암 흰쥐 144마리를 갑상선척출군(甲狀腺剔出群), propylthiouracil (PTU) 처리군(處理群), Thyroxine처리군(處理群) 및 정상대조군(正常對照群)의 4개군(個群)으로 나누어 36마리씩 배치(配置)한 다음 갑상선척출군(甲狀腺剔出群)에서는 갑상선(甲狀腺)을 외과적(外科的)으로 척출(剔出)하였고, PTU처리군(處理群)에서는 음수(飮水)를 0.05%의 propylthiouracil용액(溶液)으로 만들어 자유급수(自由給水)시켰으며, Thyroxine처리군(處理群)에서는 L-thyroxine을 체중(體重) 100g당(當) $30{\mu}g$씩 3일간격(日間隔)으로 주사(注射)하였다. 각(各) 군별(群別)로 처리후(處理後) 시간(時間)의 경과(經過)에 따라 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 및 6주후(週後)에 6마리씩 도살(屠殺)하여 하수체(下垂體)의 중량측정(重量測定) 및 조직학적(組織學的) 검색(儉索)을 실시(實施)하였으며, 아울러 혈청중(血淸中)의 FSH와 LH의 농도(濃度)를 측정(測定)하여 비교검토(比較檢討)하였던 바 그 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 하수체(下垂體)의 중량(重量)은 모든 처리군(處理群)이 정상대조군(正常對照群)보다 높은 값을 나타냈는데, 처리(處理) 3주후(週後)부터 5주(週)까지 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되는 변화(變化)를 하였으며 다중검정결과(多重檢定結果) Thyroxine처리군(處理群)과 정상대조군(正常對照群) 및 갑상선척출군(甲狀腺剔出群)과 PTU처리군(處理群) 상호간(相互間)에는 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되지 않았다. 2. 하수체(下垂體)의 조직학적(組織學的) 변화(變化)는 갑상선척출군(甲狀腺剔出群)과 PTU처리군(處理群)에서는 산호성세포(酸好性細胞)가 처리(處理) 4주후(週後)부터 위축(萎縮)되기 시작하였으며 염기호성세포(鹽基好性細胞)는 처리(處理) 2주후(週後)부터 비대(肥大) 증식(增殖)되었는데, 이러한 변화(變化)는 실험기간(實驗期間)이 경과(經過)할수록 더욱 진행(進行)되어서 4주후(週後)부는 공포화(空胞化) 현상(現상)이 인화(認和)되었다. 그러나, Thyroxine처리군(處理群)에서는 처리(處理) 5주후(週後)부터 산호성(酸好性) 세포(細胞)의 근소(僅少)한 비대(肥大)와 염기호성세포(鹽基好性細胞)의 경미(輕微)한 위축현상(萎縮現상)이 발견(發見)되었을 뿐 정상하수체(正常下垂體)에 가까운 조직소견(組織所見)이었다. 3. FSH의 혈청중(血淸中) 농도(濃度) 변화(變化)는 모든 시찰시간(視察時間)에서 비교군간(比較群間)에 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되었는데, 갑상선척출군(甲狀腺剔出群)과 PTU처리군(處理群)은 정상대조군(正常對照群)에 비하여 유의(有意)하게 낮은 값을 나타냈고, Thyroxine 처리군(處理群)은 유의(有意)하게 높은 값을 나타냈다. 4. LH의 혈청중(血淸中) 농도(濃度) 변화(變化)는 모든 처리군(處理群)이 정상대조군(正常對照群)에 비하여 낮은 값을 나타내어 비교군간(比較群間)에 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되었는데, 다중검정결과(多重檢定結果) 갑상선척출군(甲狀腺剔出群)과 PTU처리군(處理群) 및 Thyroxine처리군(處理群)과 정상대조군(正常對照群) 상호간(相互間)에는 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되지 않았다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.555-561
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• 2003

Incidence of estrum or abortions in pregnant cows may be affected by large follicles developed together with corpus luteum in pair ovaries of pregnant cows. But the follicles of pregnant phase were not assessed about histological findings. Determination of the healthy and atretic follicles by presence of proliferative cells or apoptotic cells and histological compositions of follicles would be used as important data on measurements of ovarian functions. This study was focussed mainly to investigate macroscopical, histological and immunohistochemical findings of ovarian follicles of pregnant Korean native cows and dairy cows (Holstein). In immunohistochemical methods, assessments of proliferative cells using PCNA antibody and apoptotic cells using TUNEL methods were performed. The follicles were observed on all 24 pregnant cows (17 Korean native cows and 7 Holstein cows). Follicles of greater than 10 mm in daimeter were developed in 37.5% (9/24 heads) of these pregnant cows. largest follicles from in these cows were $16.0{\times}15.0mm$ in diameter in a Korean native cow(l20 days of gestation), $13.4{\times}10.1mm$ in a Korean native cow(50 days of gestation), $12.9{\times}11.5mm$ in a Holstein cow (120 days of gestation). 40.5% among all follicles having diameter of greater than 1.0 mm in pregnant cows were assessed as atretic follicles and in addition, healthy follicles also showed less in number and smaller in size and thinner in wall layer compared with those of cyclic phase ovaries. In immunohistochemical findings, also proliferative positive cells and apoptotic positive cells on the granulosa cell layers in the healthy follicles of pregnant cows appeared less than on those of cyclic follicles. So these follicles were assessed as weakly active follicles. In large follicles, above positive cells were not nearly appeared but granulosa cell debris were more appeared among the granulosa cells. So these large follicles were assessed as inactvie or atretic follicles. The above findings suggest that small follicles of pregnant phase were weakly active or atretic and large follicles were inactive or atretic.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권9호
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• pp.4038-4045
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• 2011

본 논문은 백지 에탄올추출물의 미백효능을 조사하기 위하여 melan-a cell, 브라운 기니피그 및 HMB-45 염색을 사용하였다. melan-a 세포에 시료를 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$ 농도로 처치하여 세포 생장율의 변화 관찰 및 멜라닌세포의 형태학적 변화를 관찰하였다. 또한 brown guinea pig (450~500 g)등 부위에 1500 mJ/$cm^2$ 광량의 ultraviolet B조사로 유발시킨 인공색소반 (${\Phi}$ 2 mm)에 1일 2회, 주 5일, 매회 30 ${\mu}{\ell}$씩 총 5주간 시료를 도포하여 주 1회 육안적 변화를 관찰 하였고, 실험 5주째 되는 날 실험동물은 염산 케타민으로 마취 후 시료를 도포한 인공색소반 부위를 biopsy punch로 절취하여 HMB-45 염색으로 멜라닌소체 내 glycoprotein(gp100) 단백질의 조직학적 변화를 관찰 하였다. 세포생장율 측정에서 시료처치 6.25~50 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$에서의 세포생장율은 높았고, 멜라닌세포의 형태학적 변화에서는 시료처치 농도가 증가할수록 멜라닌합성 및 수지상 돌기가 적게 관찰 되었다. 동물 실험 육안적 관찰에서 시료 도포군이 용매대조군에 비해 멜라닌 색소침착 정도가 확연하게 밝아졌고, gp100 단백질의 조직학적 관찰에서 시료 도포군은 gp100 단백질 발현 정도가 현저하게 줄어들었으며, 영상분석에서도 시료 도포군이 용매대조군에 비해 유의하게(p<0.001) 감소하였는데 이러한 결과는 현미경 관찰 결과와 일치하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면 백지 에탄올추출물은 우수한 미백효과가 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.10-19
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• 2008

Objective : To investigate the effects of Radix Ophiopogon japonieus on atopic dermatitis, I prepared DNCB(2,4-dinitrochlorobenzen) induced atopic dermatitis NC/Nga mice and observed the mice by four ways; eye observation, the number of skin behavior times, histological changes of skin and cytokine(Total IgE, IL-4, $IFN-{\gamma}$). Methods : After prepare Radix Ophiopogon japonicus extract, DNCB induced atopic dermatitis NC/Nga mice were divided into three groups. The first is Control group which was intact group. The second is Medication group which was orally medicated Radix Ophiopogon japonicus extract one time a day for consecutive 5 days. The third group is Application group which was applied Radix Ophiopogon japonicus extract externally one time a day for consecutive 5 days. After that, the effect of Radix Ophiopogon japonicus on atopic dermatitis was observed. Statistical analysis was performed by using Kmskal-Wallis test and statistical significance was set at less than 5%. Results : 1. Radix Ophiopogon japonicus showed some in both Medication group and Application At observation of skin morphologic change, effects to prevent erythema reaction on skin group. 2. At the number of scratching behavior times, Radix Ophiopogon japonicus showed an effect to decrease scratching behavior times, but there was no statistical significance among three groups. 3. At skin tissue H-E stain, Radix Ophiopogon japonicus showed an effect to prevent skin epidermal tissue damages and also showed that it could keep the skin healthy in both Medication group and Application group. Especially in Application group, the skin of mouse showed almost normal recovery. 4. At cytokines, there was no statistical significance among three groups in IgE and IL-4. But Radix Ophiopogon japonicus showed an significant effect to suppress $IFN-{\gamma}$ in both Medication group and Application group. There was no significant difference between two groups. Conclusion : Radix Ophiopogon japonicus has some effects on atopic dermatitis in both internal medication and external application.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.485-488
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• 1999

아메리카잎굴파리에 의해 피해를 입은 거베라 잎의 피해부위인 흡즙 부위 및 식해흔의 내부조직 구조를 광학현미경(LM)과 주사전자현미경(SEM)을 이용하여 관찰하였다. 아메리카 잎굴파리에 의한 피해 잎의 내부조직 관찰 결과, 피해의 진행과정은 대개 3단계로 관찰할 수 있었다. 첫째, 초기 단계로 흡즙 후 산란하는 부위는 비교적 세포조직이 치밀한 책상조직이었으며, 둘째, 알에서 부화한 유충은 주위의 책상 조직만을 식해하면서 잎조직 속에서 굴을 만들기 시작하고, 세째, 성장한 유충은 점점 굴을 크게 하면서 성장하여 잎의 표피층을 뚫고 나오기 직전에는 1층의 책상조직과 책상조직에 연결된 2층의 해면조직까지 식해하면서 잎의 내부에 피해를 가하는 것을 관찰하였다.