• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.192-199
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• 1991

Biological exposure indices (BEI) of toluene, perchloroethylene (PCE) and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) for Korean workers were studied respectively. Environmental exposures in workplace to organic solvent were measured by personal sampling. Blood toluene, blood perchloroethylene, urinary trichloroacetic acid and urinary MEK were determined by headspace gas chromatography. Urinary hippuric acid were determined by HPLC and corrected by creatinine. BEIs for Korean workers were calculated as the levels of determinants which are correspond to permissible exposure limits in Korea. Blood toluene level of 2.2mg/l and urinary hippuric acid level of 1.7g/g creatinine are correspond to an exposure of 100 ppm toluene. Blood PCE concentration of 1.6mg/l and urinary trichloroacetic acid concentration of 2.9mg/l are correspond to an exposure of 50ppm PCE. Urinary MEK concentration of 1.0mg/l is correspond to an exposure of 200ppm of MEK. BEIs for Korean workers determined in this study are very different to ACGIH's BEI as urinary determinants are much lower and blood determinants are much higher than ACGIH's BEI.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.228-235
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• 1987

유기용제 사업장의 그라비아 인쇄부에 근무하는 근로자 101명과 유기용제에 노출되지 않은 72명을 선택하여 뇨중 마뇨산량과 사업장의 공기중 톨루엔 농도를 측정하여 상관성을 구하였으며 설문조사를 통한 자각증상 호소율을 조사하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1) 작업부서별 공기중 톨루엔 농도는 유기용제를 혼합하면서 인쇄하는 부서에서 평균 $544.13{\pm}7.75ppm$으로 가장 높았으며 유기용제 혼합부서에서 $463.27{\pm}5.24ppm$ 인쇄 (1)부서 에서 $393.56{\pm}45.69ppm$ 인쇄 (2)부서에서 $248.38{\pm}45.16ppm$ 인쇄(3)부서 $159.38{\pm}18.51ppm$이었다. 2) 작업부서별 뇨중 마뇨산량은 유기용제를 혼합하면서 인쇄하는 부서의 근로자에서 평균 $6034.84{\pm}1298.35mg/l$로 가장 높았으며 유기용제 혼합부서의 근로자에서 $4798.44{\pm}784.53mg/l$ 인쇄(1)부서의 근로자에서 $2883.06{\pm}701.90mg/l$ 인쇄(2)부서 의 근로자에서 $1449.98{\pm}905.19mg/l$ 인쇄(3)부서의 근로자에서 $598.52{\pm}299.43mg/l$였다. 3) 작업 장 공기중 톨루엔 농도와 마뇨산량과의 상관계수는 r=0.868(p<0.01)으로 정상관 관계를 나타냈다 (Y=7,18X+349.57) 4) 실험군이 대조군보다 더 많은 자각증상을 호소하였다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.154-162
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• 2015

작업환경중 톨루엔 농도와 뇨중 마뇨산 농도와의 상관성에 대하여 54개 사업장에서 일하는 124명의 근로자를 대상으로 연구하였다. 가장 높은 실내 작업장의 톨루엔 농도는 인쇄 공정에서 81.116ppm으로 측정되었으며, 기하평균농도는 12.304 ppm으로 높은 값을 나타내었다. 톨루엔 노출 작업자의 뇨중 마뇨산 농도의 기하평균은 0.714 g/g creatinine으로, 비노출군에 비하여 5배 정도 높게 나타났다. 인쇄 공정 노동자의 평균 뇨중 마뇨산 농도는 다른 공정의 노동자에 비해 가장 높은 1.145g/g creatinine 이었다. 작업자의 노출 톨루엔 농도와 뇨중 마뇨산 농도 사이의 상관계수는 r=0.624 (P<0.01)로 상관성이 비교적 높은 것으로 나타났으나, 뇨중 마뇨산 농도와 근로자의 성별, 음주 및 흡연, 근무경력 등의 상관성은 낮게 나타났다. 노출 톨루엔 농도 X에 대한 뇨중 마뇨산 농도 Y의 회귀방정식은 Y = 0.037X + 0.562로 표현할 수 있다. 결론적으로 작업장에서의 톨루엔 노출농도에 따라 뇨중 마뇨산농도가 유의하게 증가함을 알 수 있다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.42-48
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• 2012

This study was performed to investigate the urinary methyl hippuric acid (UMHA) excretion among aircraft maintenance workers exposed to xylene by examination of blood test, urine test and biochemical tests. Study subjects (301) were divided into 2 groups; non-exposed group (n=123, who were not exposed to xylene), and exposed group (n=178, who were exposed to xylene). The average of blood level and MHA level was normal. The ${\gamma}$-GTP level was 35.5 IU/L (45.7%) in the exposed group and 27.9 IU/L (44.7%) in the non-exposed (control) group. The proportion of total cholesterol (TG) level higher than 150 mg/dl were 34.3% in the exposed group and 21.1% in the non-exposed group. These results were showed statistically significant difference (${\chi}^2$ = 6.10, P<0.05). Other items showed no statistically significant differences. The results of urine tests were no statistically significant differences in protein, occult blood and glucose level.

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한예방의학회 1995년도 제47차 추계 학술대회 연제집
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• pp.259-260
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• 1995

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한예방의학회 1995년도 제47차 추계 학술대회 연제집
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• pp.365-366
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• 1995

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한예방의학회 1996년도 제48차 추계 학술대회 연제집
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• pp.419-420
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• 1996

• 환경영향평가
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.75-86
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• 2000

The purpose of this work was to document the conditions regarding organic solvent exposure to the workers in paint industry. Air concentrations of organic solvents were measured by passive personal samplers and analyzed by a gas chromatography. Urine samples for hippuric test were also taken from 330 workers who have worked at seven domestic factories for more than two years. Amongst 25 organic elements detected in the indoor environment of working places, toluene was the most common element, and methanol showed the highest mean concentration(18.2ppm). A few elements including methylethyl ketone and toluene partially exceeded the Korean Permissible Exposure Limit. A lack of environmental facilities such as exhaust ventilation, automatic cleaning system, and personal safety devices at present work plaus brings about various occupational diseases.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.243-250
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• 1996

To evaluate an effect of ethanol pretreatment on the toluene metabolism, toluene (50% in olive oil) was given three times at 0.2 ml/100g body weight at the interval of one day to the rats fed with 5% ethanol during two months. The ethanol pretreated rats were not identified particular liver injury by the histopathologic findings. In case of toluene treatment, the ethanol pretreatment to the rats led to more increased concentration of urinary hippuric acid than those treated with only toluene. The ethanol pretreatment to the rats led to the increased activities of hepatic aniline hydroxylase and these enzyme activities were higher both in toluene treated and those pretreated with ethanol, but no differences were found in two groups. Ethanol pretreated rats showed the more increased activities of benzylalcohol dehydrogenase than control group. Moreover, the ethanol pretreatment to the toluene treated rats led to significantly more increased activities of benzylalcohol dehydrogenase compared with those treated with toluene only. Furthermore, the alcohol pretreatment to the toluene treated rats also led to somewhat higher activities of benzaldehyde dehydrogenase than those treated with toluene. In conclusion, these results indicate that the chronic pretreatment of ethanol at not so much liver damage as normal may rather activate the toluene metabolism.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.177-183
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• 1986

Subjective symptoms, counts of blood cells and liver function test were conducted on 198 male workers who were exposed to toluene in Kyungin area from September to November, 1986. According to the level of urinary hippuric acid concentration, the total sample was classified into the high exposure group ($concentration{\geqq}3g/1$) and the low exposure group(concentration<3g/1). The following findings were obtained by comparing the two group: 1) Contrary to the previous findings. the urinary hippuric acid concentration of toluene exposed workers showed bimodal distribution. It meant that the toluene exposed workers were mixed with the non-exposed or minimal exposed workers. 2) The high exposure group showed a lower level of leucocytes counts ($6,630{\pm}1,860{\mu}l$) than the low exposure group ($6,340{\pm}1,960/{\mu}l$). 3) The high exposure group showed a higher level of SGOT, SGPT and r-GTP than the low exposure group (p<0.05). 4) The high exposure group complained much more subjective symptoms (e. g. skin rash, loss of appetite, palpitation) than the low exposure group.